2011年1月全国MBA联考英语真题详解-含音标适合英语O基础菜鸟.doc

2011年MBA英语真题Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered black and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1. (10 points)The Internet affords anonymity to its users, a blessing to privacy and freedom of speech. But that very anonymity is also behind the explosion of cyber-crime that has swept across the Web. f:d nnmti: praivsi iksplun爆发 saib 计算机（网络）的 cyber-crime电脑犯罪1A.swept扫B.skipped跳C.walkedD.ridden 互联网为用户提供匿名权，私人祝福和言论自由。但是过度的匿名的还导致了席卷整个网络的网络犯罪的爆发Can privacy be preserved while bringing safety and security to a world that seems increasinglylawless ?英 sikjuriti 英 nkrisli2A.for B.within C.while D.though3A.carelessB.lawlessC.pointless无意义的 D.helpless隐私是否应该被保护当它为世界带来似乎越来越多的不合法的安全性？Last month, Howard Schmidt, the nations cyber-czar, offered the federal government a proposal to make the Web a safer place-a “voluntary trusted identity” system that would be the high-tech equivalent of a physical key, a fingerprint and a photo ID card, all rolled into one. The system might use a smart identity card, or a digital credential linked to a specific computer .and would authenticate users at a range of online services. z:, ts:皇帝；独裁者英 prpuzl 提议；建议；求婚vlntri aidentiti ikwivlnt 相等的相当的diditl kridenl :entket鉴定、生效rmand 令人回忆起的东西；通知单；提示信 smart card n.智能卡 roll into4A.reason B.reminder C.compromise妥协 D.proposal 5 A.information B.interference干涉干扰 C.entertainment娱乐招待 D.equivalent 6A.by流逝 B.into roll into（使）滚进 C.from D.over翻滚7A.linked B.directed把用于，指示去C.chained teind 拴住，束缚 D.compared上个月，霍华德.施密特，国家的网络-专家，为联邦政府提供了一个使网络成为一个安全场所的提议，这个提议就是建立一个叫做“自愿信任身份识别”的高科技系统，它等价于一个实体钥匙，一个指纹和一个带照片的身份证结合起来。该系统可以使用一种智能身份卡，或者一个连接到某特定接收机的数字证书，从而在一系列在线网络服务中验证用户的真实身份。The idea is to create a federation of private online identity systems. User could select which system to join, and only registered users whose identities have been authenticated could navigate those systems. The approach contrasts with one that would require an Internet drivers licenseissuedby the government. kntrst对比，对照英 redstd 注册的；登记过的英 nvget 驾驶；航行于；使通过英 fedrein 联邦，同盟；联盟8A.dismiss解雇解散B.discoverC.createD.improve9A.recallB.suggestC.selectD.realize实现；了解10A.relcasedB.issuedC.distributedD.delivered这个想法是建立一个私人网络身份识别系统的联盟。用户可以选择加入任何一个系统，而且只有身份已认证的注册用户才可以使用那些系统。这个方法和需要有政府签发的互联网“签证”的方法形成对比。Google and Microsoft are among companies that already have these “single sign-on” systems that make it possible for users to log in just once but use many different services.11A.carry on从事忙于B.linger on停留徘徊C.set in开始，到来D.log in (与logon都是登录)谷歌和微软已经是拥有这些“单点登录”系统的众多企业之一，这个系统使用户只登录一次但是可以使用多项不同的服务成为可能。In effect .the approach would create a “walled garden” n cyberspace, with safe “neighborhoods” and bright “streetlights” to establish a sense of a trusted community.12A.In vain徒劳地B.In effectC.In return作为报答；反过来D.In contrast相比之下13A.trustedB.modernized现代化的c.thriving rav兴旺的D.competing竞争的实际上，这种方法可以创建一个“围墙花园”网络空间，这个空间拥有安全的“邻居”和明亮的“街道”，这些营造了了一种可信社区的感觉。Mr. Schmidt described it as a “voluntary ecosystem” in which “individuals and organizations can complete online transactions with confidence ,trusting the identities of each other and the identities of the infrastructure on which the transaction runs”.eksstm infrstrkt 基础设施 英 trnzkn n.处理；事务 蓝色部分修饰 “infrastructure”14A.caution小心B.delightC.confidence满怀信心地D.patience耐心15A.onB.afterC.beyondD.across施密特先生将它描述成一个“自愿生态系统”，在这个系统里“个体和组织可以放心地完成网络事务，信任彼此的身份，信任交易得以进行的网络基础设施”Still, the administrations plan has divided privacy rights activists. Some applaud the approach; others are concerned. It seems clear that such a scheme is an initiative push toward what would eventually be a compulsory Internet “drives license” mentality.英 dvadd 英 praivsi 英 pl:d 英 iniitiv 主动性；自发的英 iventjuli 英 kmplsri 必须做的，强制性的；义务的英 laisns 英 mentliti n.心理；智力；思想 英 laisns 驾照16A.dividedB.disappointed使失望C.protectedD.united17A. frequently fri:kwntl 频繁地，屡次地；往往；动；动辄B.incidentally nsidentli“顺便地偶然地C.occasionally ke()nli 偶尔，间或D.eventually iventjuli 终于，最后然而，隐私权力保护人士对美国政府的这项计划颇有分歧。一些人支持这项计划，另一些人则不。很明显这样的一个计划是对最终强制性网络“驾照”思想的主动推进。The plan has also been greeted with skepticism by some computer security experts, who worry that the “voluntary ecosystem” envisioned by Mr. Schmidt would still leave much of the Internet vulnerable .They argue that all Internet users should be forced to register and identify themselves, in the same way that drivers must be licensed to drive on public roads.Greet迎接 英 skeptszm 怀疑态度，怀疑论；多疑癖英 kmpju:t sikjuriti 英 eksstm 英 envn vt.想像，预见，展望 英 vlnrbl易受攻击的，易受批评的英 redist登记注册 英 aidentifai18A.skepticismB.tolerance宽容C.indifference不在乎D.enthusiasm inju:zizm 热情19A.manageable易处理B.defendable可防御的C.vulnerableD.invisible看不见的20A.invitedB.appointed被任命的，指定的，约定的C.allowedD.forced f:st这个计划同时也受到一些电脑安全专家的怀疑，他们担心这个由施密特先生构想出的“自愿生态系统”仍然会遗留很多网络漏洞。他们主张，所有互联网用户都必须注册并提供身份识别，就像司机在公共道路上驾车必须领有驾照一样。完形填空参考答案15 ACBDD 610 BACCB 1115 DBACA 1620 ADACDSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions after each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1. (40points)Text 1Ruth Simmons joined Goldman Sachss board as an outside director in January 2000: a year later she became president of Brown University. For the rest of the decade she apparently managed both roles without attracting much criticism. But by the end of 2009 Ms. Simmons was under fire for having sat on Goldmans compensation committee; how could she have let those enormous bonus payouts pass unremarked? By February the next year Ms. Simmons had left the board. The position was just taking up too much time, she said.For the rest至于其他， 除此之外英 prntl .显然地；表面上英 eroticism rtszm色情英 kmpensein 薪水工资 英 kmiti委员会英 bns奖金，额外津贴英 nrm:kt2000年1月，茹斯西蒙斯以外部董事的身份加入了高盛公司的董事会，一年之后，她出任罗德岛布朗大学校长。在本世纪头十年剩下的时间里，西蒙斯显然是在没有招致多少批评的情况下，同时应付着这两种角色（以及另外的几个董事身份）。不过到2009年底，她却因任职于高盛公司薪酬委员会而受到学生和校友们的攻击：她怎么能让那些巨额奖金在不经意间就被发放出去呢？到 2月份时，西蒙斯已离开了董事会。她称只是因为这个职位耗费的时间太多了。Outside directors are supposed to serve as helpful, yet less biased, advisers on a firms board. Having made their wealth and their reputations elsewhere, they presumably have enough independence to disagree with the chief executives proposals. If the sky, and the share price is falling, outside directors should be able to give advice based on having weathered their own crises.被期望，英 spuz假定猜想；充当；英 bast 有偏见的英 przjumbli 据推测；大概英 izekjutiv 英 prpuzl 提议；建议；天气，平安渡过 kraisisiz危险，危机独立董事在董事会中应扮演有益而又相对公正的顾问角色。由于他们在别处已经创造了财富并赢得了声誉，所以他们应该有足够的独立性，对首席执行官的提议提出质疑。如果公司经营状况不佳，股价下跌，独立董事应该结合以往自己平安渡过危机的经验提出建议。The researchers from Ohio University used a database hat covered more than 10,000 firms and more than 64,000 different directors between 1989 and 2004. Then they simply checked which directors stayed from one proxy statement to the next. The most likely reason for departing a board was age, so the researchers concentrated on those “surprise” disappearances by directors under the age of 70. They found that after a surprise departure, the probability that the company will subsequently have to restate earnings increased by nearly 20%. The likelihood of being named in a federal class-action lawsuit also increases, and the stock is likely to perform worse. The effect tended to be larger for larger firms. Although a correlation between them leaving and subsequent bad performance at the firm is suggestive, it does not mean that such directors are always jumping off a sinking ship. Often they “trade up.” Leaving riskier, smaller firms for larger and more stable firms.hat给戴上帽子; 英 prksi: steitmnt 股东签署的委托书代表权委托书-声明认定申请；depart-departure离开，去世；英 knsntretd，集中，浓缩，concern涉及关心consider考虑认为英 sbskwntl后来的随后；重申英 laiklihud可能性；共同起诉；英 l:su:t；美 pfrm执行，运行k:rlen, 相互关系；相关性sgdestv，提示的暗示的riskyrski:危险的俄亥俄大学的研究人员研究了一个涵盖1989年至2004年超过10000多家企业和64000多位独立董事的资料库。接下来他们又核查了那些得以连任两届的独立董事。（研究人员发现）使得董事离任最可能的原因是年龄，因此他们集中研究了 70 岁以下“离奇”消失的董事。他们发现，董事意外离开后，公司随后不得不重申盈利状况的可能性增加了近 20%。被牵扯到联邦法院所受理的集体起诉案件中的可能性也随之增加，而且公司在股市的表现也会更糟。公司越大，这种影响越明显。尽管独立董事的离任与随后公司业绩下滑之间的相互关系让人浮想联翩，但这并不意味着独立董事总是在公司危难时弃之不顾。通常他们会“另谋高就”，离开风险较高的小公司，选择更稳定的大公司。But the researchers believe that outside directors have an easier time of avoiding a blow to their reputations if they leave a firm before bad news breaks, even if a review of history shows they were on the board at the time any wrongdoing occurred. Firms who want to keep their outside directors through tough times may have to create incentives. Otherwise outside directors will follow the example of Ms. Simmons, once again very popular on campus.英 tf坚强的困难的，粗暴的英 insentiv 动机；刺激；诱因；鼓励kmps校园但是，尽管以往的记录显示公司出现不规范行为时，独立董事都在其位，研究人员认为如果他们在坏消息传出之前就离职，他们能更轻易地避免名誉受损。如果公司想在艰难时期留住独立董事，就必须建立激励制度。否则，独立董事都将效仿 Simmons 女士；回归校园后，她又成了受欢迎的人。21. According to Paragraph 1, Ms. Simmons was criticized for . kritisaiz分析批评Againing excessive profits iksesiv过多的Bfailing to fulfill her duty 英 fulfil履行执行Crefusing to make compromises 英 kmprmaiz 妥协Dleaving the board in tough times22. We learn from Paragraph 2 that outside directors are supposed to be .Agenerous investors 英 denrs 慷慨的投资人Bunbiased executivesCshare price forecasters 英 fkst(r)预报员Dindependent advisers 独立性的顾问23. According to the researchers from Ohio University after an outside directors surprise departure, the firm is likely to . 英 junv(r)stiAbecome more stableBreport increased earningsCdo less well in the stock marketDperform worse in lawsuits24. It can be inferred from the last paragraph that outside directors . 从中推导出Amay stay for the attractive offers from the firmBhave often had records of wrongdoings in the firm 通常在公司有不良行为的记录Care accustomed to stress-free work in the firm 习惯于无压力的工作。 fat-free（不含脂肪的），toll-free（不交费的），maintenance-free（无需维修的），dust-free（无尘的），interest-free（无息的），care-free（无忧无虑的），nuclear-weapon-free（无核武器的）Dwill decline incentives from the firm incentives -attractive offers25. The authors attitude toward the role of outside directors is .Apermissive 英 pmsv adj.宽大的；放任的;自由的；容许的Bpositive 积极地Cscornful 鄙视的Dcritical 英 kritikl批评的关于态度有：.disappointed使失望hopeful抱有希望的desperate desprit 绝望的confidence满怀信心地conceited knsi:td 自负的skepticism怀疑的doubtful怀疑的uncertain不确定的tolerance宽容indifference不在乎enthusiasm inju:zizm 热情 supportive支持的opponent对立的objective客观的 optimistic乐观的pessimistic pesmstk悲观的Text 2Whatever happened to the death of newspaper? A year ago the end seemed near. The recession threatened to remove the advertising and readers that had not already fled to the internet. Newspapers like the San Francisco Chronicle were chronicling their own doom. Americas Federal Trade commission launched a round of talks about how to save newspapers. Should they become charitable corporations? Should the state subsidize them ? It will hold another meeting soon. But the discussions now seem out of date.英 retn 预示恐吓，危及fled 逃走，逃掉英 s:n frnssk 旧金山英 krnkl编年史记录英 du:m命运；厄运英 l:nt发射，开展英 trtbl 仁慈的，慈善的英 kpren 英 sbsidaiz 以津贴补助diskn；过时了报业究竟是否会走向衰落？一年前，报业衰落似乎就在眼前。这场衰退危机威胁到广告的生存，并预示着将失去那些尚未将注意力转移到互联网的读者们。诸如旧金山纪事这样的报纸都在记录着自己的厄运。美国联邦贸易委员会就如何挽救报业展开了一系列的讨论：报社应该转变为慈善机构？国家是否应补贴报社？近期该委员会还将召开一次会议。但是现在这些讨论似乎已经不合时宜了。In much of the world there is the sign of crisis. German and Brazilian papers have shrugged off the recession. Even American newspapers, which inhabit the most troubled come of the global industry, have not only survived but often returned to profit. Not the 20% profit margins that were routine a few years ago, but profit all the same.英 kraisis 英 r f 耸肩英 inhbit居住英 svaiv幸存英 m:din 英 ru:ti:n程序，例行的all the same尽管如此， 仍然放眼全球报业，危机迹象并不明显。德国和巴西的报业已从衰退中走了出来。就连处于全球工业危机最严重地区的美国，不仅生存了下来，而且还恢复了盈利。尽管利润空间还不到前几年正常盈利的 20%，但毕竟也是盈利。It has not been much fun. Many papers stayed afloat by pushing journalists overboard. The American Society of News Editors reckons that 13,500 newsroom jobs have gone since 2007. Readers are paying more for slimmer products. Some papers even had the nerve to refuse delivery to distant suburbs. Yet these desperate measures have proved the right ones and, sadly for many journalists, they can be pushed further.英 flt漂浮着的英 d:nlist 【reporter；correspondent；newsman；journalist】journal日报英 edit 英 rekn估计slim 减肥者英 n:v 神经；勇气英 dilivri投递-deliver divorce离婚 英 distnt遥远的distant- contentkntent内容目录满足- consistentknsistnt一贯的连续的 英 sb:b 英 desprit绝望的英 f:进一步的更远的 future- feature英 fi:t特征 情况一直以来并非很乐观。多家报社通过裁减记者来渡过难关。据美国新闻编辑协会统计，自 2007 年以来全美新闻编辑职位缩减了 13500 个。报纸内容减少，售价却在上调。一些报社甚至下决心取消了偏远地区的报纸配送业务。事实证明这些孤注一掷的措施是正确的，然而对于许多记者来说这并不是好消息，他们可能要面临进一步的裁员。Newspapers are becoming more balanced businesses, with a healthier mix of revenues from readers and advertisers. American papers have long been highly unusual in their reliance on ads. Fully 87% of their revenues came from advertising in 2008, according to the Organization for Economic Cooperation & Development (OECD). In Japan the proportion is 35%. Not surprisingly, Japanese newspapers are much more stable.英 revnju: 收入，收益 英 dvtaz登广告的人英 nju:ul不常见的独特的 英 rilains依靠信任英 prp:n scale； proportion；ratio 英 sprazl 惊人的随着广告收益和发行收益的比例日趋合理，报业正逐步实现收支平衡。长期以来，美国报业过度依赖广告收入，这是不正常的。根据经济合作与发展组织的数据，美国报业的广告收入占总收入的 87%。而在日本，这个比例只有35%。因此日本报业更加稳定是不足为奇的。The whirlwind that swept through newsrooms harmed everybody, but much of the damage has been concentrated in areas where newspaper are least distinctive. Car and film reviewers have gone. So have science and general business reporters. Foreign bureaus have been savagely cut off. Newspapers are less complete as a result. But completeness is no longer a virtue in the newspaper business.hw:lwnd 英 whir hw:l风暴英 dstktv 有特色的，与众不同的distinct独特的; 清晰的英 bjuru办事处英 svdl野蛮的残忍的英 kmplitns完全的英 v:tju:美德这场席卷报业的旋风，无人幸免。但是受创最大的还是报社中最不具特色的部门。汽车和电影评论员黯然离开，科学和普通商业新闻记者也未能幸免，驻外机构也被无情地撤销。结果，报纸内容不像以前那么完整了。但是完整性已不再是报业的优势了。.26. By saying “Newspapers like their own doom” (Lines 3-4, Para. 1), the author indicates that newspaper . 英 indikeit表明Aneglected the sign of crisis neglect英 nilekt疏忽；忽略Bfailed to get state subsidiesCwere not charitable corporationsDwere in a desperate situation27. Some newspapers refused delivery to distant suburbs probably because .Areaders threatened to pay lessBnewspapers wanted to reduce costsCjournalists reported little about these areasDsubscribers complained about slimmer products sbskrabz订阅人，消费者28. Compared with their American counterparts, Japanese newspapers are much more stable because they . 配对物；副本；相对物；极相似的人或物Ahave more sources of revenueBhave more balanced newsroomsCare less dependent on advertisingDare less affected by readership29. What can be inferred from the last paragraph about the current newspaper business?ADistinctiveness is an essential feature of newspapers. 独特性是报纸的一个基本特征BCompleteness is to blame for the failure of newspaper. 英 kmplitns完全CForeign bureaus play a crucial role in the newspaper business. 英 kru:lDReaders have lost their interest in car and film reviews.30. The most appropriate title for this text would be . prupriit适当的AAmerican Newspapers: Struggling for Survival 英 strl f: svaivlBAmerican Newspapers: Gone with the Wind CAmerican Newspapers: A Thriving Business rav繁荣产业DAmerican Newspapers: A Hopeless StoryText 3We tend to think of the decades immediately following World War II as a time of prosperity and growth, with soldiers returning home by the millions, going off to college on the G. I. Bill and lining up at the marriage bureaus. 英 prsperiti繁荣prosperity繁荣-proposal(propose) 建议-prospect前景期望 line up排队going off离开英 bjuru办事处我们往往认为二战后的几十年是繁荣和发展的时期，当时数以百万计的士兵返回家乡，靠军人安置法案给的助学金上大学，或在婚姻登记处排队办理结婚手续。But when it came to their houses, it was a time of common sense and a belief that less could truly be more. During the Depression and the war, Americans had learned to live with less, and that restraint, in combination with the postwar confidence in the future, made small, efficient housing positively mon sense常识英 ristreint抑制控制restrain-restraint suppress-repress镇压，压制 kmbinein联合英 knfidns信心 postwar 战后 staili时尚的stylish-faddish-fashionablepztvl 肯定的但说到他们的房子问题，那个时代人们的共识和信仰就是“少实际就是多”。在大萧条和二战期间，美国人学会了节衣缩食过活，这种节制以及他们对未来的信心使得小而实用的房子成为当时绝对的时尚。Economic condition was only a stimulus for the trend toward efficient living. The phrase “less is more” was actually first popularized by a German, the architect Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, who like other people associated with the Bauhaus, a school of design, emigrated to the United States before World War II and took up posts at American architecture schools. These designers came to exert en