研究生英语阅读教程 基础级第二版 第十一课.doc

墨慧强2011年6月研究生英语复习资料READING SELECTION AA Case ( reason) for (against) Male DishwashingBy Page Smith注黄字体为课后生词malefemalea case (reason) for sth.a case against sth.; bowelsdishes- dishes1 Recently there has been a great whooping and hollering (noisy argument) over (about) the diminished dignity and importance (status) of the American father.2 The poor (pitiful) wretch (fellow/ guy), so the argument goes (says), once the fountainhead of domestic authority, has abdicated (given up), leaving (give/ let) the important child-raising duties to the wife. Pop (father) has become a comic figure (character), ridiculed in cartoons, on TV shows, and in the movies.3 Because of Pops (fathers) deficiencies (deficient/, adj./ incompetence), we are told, the family is in bad shape (condition/ come down in the world), the children (are) undisciplined, the atmosphere of the home (is) anxious and insecure.4 As a corollary (Consequently/ As a result) we have Momism - the overbearing (bossy), overprotective, over-dominant mother who inflicts (impose/ bring about) all kinds of hideous psychic scars on her offspring (children) while Pop watches TV or sulks in a corner afraid to dispute (argue) the authority of his spouse. mother/ mom/ mum/; dominate; scarf5 The charge, of course, is not a new one. It antedates (goes before) the republic. George Grenville, Minister to George III, is reported to have pushed the tea tax on the grounds (for the reasons of) that American wives were so addicted to tea drinking that they would never permit their henpecked husbands to ban (prohibit) the stuff. (charge sb. with. sth.=accuse sb. of sth.)6 Every school child knows the result of this miscalculation.7 Be that as it may (In fact), the symbol of the diminished domestic male has come to be dishwashing. Sociologists (or psychologists, I forget which/ who) and some opinionated (stubborn) laymen have informed (told) us that the washing of dishes by husbands is not only a symbol of domestic servitude, it is undermining (destroying) Pop as a respected authority-figure (character) in the household (family). Hence (Therefore/ Thus) the deterioration of the family, hence juvenile delinquency, hence the decline of the republic, etc. All because Pop washed the dishes.8 Well, I wish to enter a dissent (argument against it). (inform sb. of sth.)9 As a pioneer, indeed a missionary, dishwasher of some (about) fifteen years standing (on end/ continuously), I can identify (recognize) the source of this propaganda at once. It proceeds (go from) from lazy males who dont want to miss the first few innings of the double-header on TV. The scientific (objective) jargon is just window dressing. (man-dominated-society)10 Experience has made it quite apparent (obvious) that (a successful) marriage calls for (needs) maturity and mutual sacrifice. Most of the marriages that fail, marriage counselors tell us, fail because the partners lack such qualities (quality). Dishwashing, by general agreement, is a classic (typical) example of domestic drudgery, a dreary and almost continuous chore. It is, therefore, an excellent task for husband and wife to share as a symbol of marital mutuality rather than distaff dominance.11 Every meal that a wife cooks and serves her husband is, if it is prepared with imagination and skill, a genuinely creative act- a minor (small) work of art - the meal itself is a kind of love feast, an offering of the wifes devotion (love). Now do our experts recommend that after such a repast (meal) the husband shuffle, like a dull (uninteresting) brute (beast), into the living (sitting) room to watch the Perils (Adventure) of Pauline or to read the comic section (part) of the daily paper while (at the same time) the wife retreats (withdraw) to the depressing disorder of a pillaged (robbed) kitchen, of greasy plates and crusty pots? Is this their prescription for a successful and happy marriage?12 No, in this instance (case), as in so many, many others, the experts are wrong. I am not, of course, in a position （ready） to testify (prove) as to (about) my masculinity (manliness) or lack of it, but I do know that I am no less masculine as a result of fifteen years of dishwashing. Nor have I observed that parental authority has suffered in any measure (degree).13 My children seem, generally speaking (in general), under rather better discipline than the offspring (children) of a former professional football player in the neighborhood who is hairy as a gorilla, spends all his domestic hours gaping at (watching) TV and has never washed a dish in his life.14 Moreover (Furthermore), I must state (say) that my dishwashing duties have by no means been an unmitigated (thorough/ complete/ unavoidable) burden. My wife and I have spent many sociable (communicative) hours at the kitchen sink and, I doubt not, discovered some notable (outstanding) things about life and about each other in these nocturnal (at night) dialogues. sexy: slim-masculine; woman15 I am foursquare for (stand for/ support) womanly women and manly men. I believe that the world needs the qualities (virtues) of abstract and analytical thought, of imagination, creativity and compromise that are more clearly the attributes (characters) of the male as much as (and) it needs the practical, pragmatic, intuitive, unitary, principled approach (method) of the female. I subscribe to (support) the view (concept) that the best (but certainly not the only) place for the woman is in the home. But then, of course, I like the home and do not view (consider) this as a sentence to jail. (analyze-analysis; win-win situation) (intuition: instinct)16 In (At) the home, and within the rough division of labor that is traditional between husband and wife, I believe in the sharing of as many of the more difficult and onerous domestic tasks as possible (especially since the wife often has some outside job as tiring and tiresome as her husbands) just as I believe in sharing the not infrequent delights (happiness) of home. I believe, in short (in brief), in an intelligent mutuality in marriage based on the assumption (belief) that women are not beasts of burden but fellow humans. (believe sb.=I think what you say is true; believe in sth.=behold such belief; basis)17 If the husband is the stronger character in the family, he will exercise the authority of the household. If he is not, all the brag and bluster in the world will not make him more than the nominal （honorable）head.18 If the wife is the stronger partner, she will dominate the life of the family, although if she is cunning (clever) she may manage to (try) give her husband the illusion that he is in charge. So has it ever been and so will it continue to be. (be in charge of sth.)19 The inner masculinity of the American male is doubtless threatened today just as, in many areas of our society, the essential femininity of our women is threatened. But the threat doesnt come from washing dishes. If masculine dignity and authenticity hinge on (depend) washing or not washing dishes, the cause (argument) is lost. Indeed, it was never worth fighting for (975 words); II. VocabularyA. Choose the best word from the four choices to complete each of the following sentences.注 每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句1. If it continues to _ its responsibilities then the British government must act immediately in its place. (substitute)A. testifyB. proceed (continue)C. discipline(n. vt.)D. abdicate(1) The poor (pitiful) wretch (fellow/ guy), so the argument goes (says), once the fountainhead of domestic authority, has abdicated (given up), leaving (give/ let) the important child-raising duties to the wife.2. Just as you do not wish others to _ their desires upon you, you must leave it to them to be free to follow their own direction in life. (ask for sick leave)A. inflict (impose sth. on sb.)B. disputeC. ridiculeD. antedate (go to an earlier time)(2) overprotective, over-dominant mother who inflicts (impose/ bring about) all kinds of hideous psychic scars on her offspring (children) while Pop watches TV or sulks in a corner afraid to dispute (argue) the authority of his spouse.3. She was a tough girl - determined, arrogant and _, with light brown hair and quick, sharp eyes.A. genuineB. hideousC. undermining(destructive)D. opinionated (stubborn)(3) Sociologists (or psychologists, I forget which/ who) and some opinionated (stubborn) laymen have informed (told) us that the washing of dishes by husbands is not only a symbol of domestic servitude,4. I think feminism is about liberating women from enforced domestic and maternal (distaff, of mother/ related to mother) _. A. dissent (consent)B. propagandaC. drudgeryD. mutuality(4) Dishwashing, by general agreement, is a classic (typical) example of domestic drudgery, a dreary and almost continuous chore.5. The children have a more _ view (opinion), only taking in consideration what will work. (take sth. into consideration)A. pragmatic (practical, feasible) B. drearyC. maritalD. dominant (5) I believe that the world needs the qualities (virtues) of abstract and analytical thought, of imagination, creativity and compromise that are more clearly the attributes (characters) of the male as much as (and) it needs the practical, pragmatic, intuitive, unitary, principled approach (method) of the female.6. While a quarter of men wash their cars once a week, fewer than one in five women carry out the _.A. attribute (features/ character)B. choreC. repast（meal）D. jargon(6) Dishwashing, by general agreement, is a classic (typical) example of domestic drudgery, a dreary and almost continuous chore.7. If she were rich, that wouldnt stop her (from) caring for children, but she could charge only a(n) _fee (fare) to the mothers who badly needed to work.A. intuitiveB. nominalC. depressingD. juvenile(7) If he is not, all the brag and bluster in the world will not make him more than the nominal （honorable）head.8. We intend to remove the _ rules and regulations that are discouraging foreign investment in our country.A. onerousB. henpeckedC. greasyD. unmitigated (complete/ thorough)(8) I believe in the sharing of as many of the more difficult and onerous domestic tasks as possible (especially since the wife often has some outside job as tiring and tiresome as her husbands) just as I believe in sharing the not infrequent delights (happiness) of home.9. He was a lonely, miserable _.alone-lonely (adj.)A. feastB. spouseC. wretchD. dignity(9) The poor (pitiful) wretch (fellow/ guy), so the argument goes (says), once the fountainhead of domestic authority, has abdicated (given up),10. This newly established institution has to face a whole range of crimes and _. (institute: n./ vt.)A. femininity B. prescriptions C. delinquencies (offense)D. authenticity (reliability)(10) Hence (Therefore/ Thus) the deterioration of the family, hence juvenile delinquency, hence the decline of the republic, etc. All because Pop washed the dishes.B. Choose the best word or expression from the list given for each blank. Use each word or expression only once and make proper changes where necessary.subscribe togape athinge onlaymanmasculinityaddicted toby no means in shortdeterioration peril注 每个题目后面出现的相同标号的题目是备考查单词在课文里出现的原句1. Education has been directed at (aimed at) the production of the rational (wise), the free, the independent of mind, the dignified, in short (in brief), the autonomous human being. (died for the well-being of the people)(1) I believe, in short (in brief), in an intelligent mutuality in marriage based on the assumption (belief) that women are not beasts of burden but fellow humans.2. It is quite common to hear teachers say that they do not subscribe to (support/ believe) any particular approach or method in their teaching but are eclectic.(2) I subscribe to (support) the view (concept) that the best (but certainly not the only) place for the woman is in the home.3. They nearly (almost) collided and stood gaping at each other. (generation gap/ narrowly escape)(3) spends all his domestic hours gaping at (watching) TV and has never washed a dish in his life.4. The debate should not, however, center on (focus on/ emphasize) cost, but should hinge on (rely on/ depend on) the ultimate (final) benefit to the nation.(4) If masculine dignity and authenticity hinge on (depend) washing or not washing dishes, the cause (argument) is lost. Indeed, it was never worth fighting for5. The layman usually thinks of passenger traffic first, and freight (good) second, but the latter is usually of far greater importance. (the former the latter; be important=be of great importance)(5) Sociologists (or psychologists, I forget which/ who) and some opinionated (stubborn) laymen have informed (told) us that the washing of dishes by husbands is not only a symbol of domestic servitude, 6. It is by no means certain that we will be able to move to our new office next spring.(6) Moreover (Furthermore), I must state (say) that my dishwashing duties have by no means been an unmitigated (thorough/ complete/ unavoidable) burden.7. I would say that maleness is purely biological, whereas (while) masculinity is based largely on upbringing (family education/ bring up) and social conditioning (training).(7) I am not, of course, in a position （ready） to testify (prove) as to (about) my masculinity (manliness) or lack of it, but I do know that I am no less masculine as a result of fifteen years of dishwashing.(7) The inner masculinity of the American male is doubtless threatened today just as, in many areas of our society, the essential femininity of our women is threatened.8. I know that if I start watching a soap opera (watch) I immediately become hopelessly addicted to it.(8) George Grenville, Minister to George III, is reported to have pushed the tea tax on the grounds (for the reasons of) that American wives were so addicted to tea drinking that they would never permit their henpecked husbands to ban (prohibit) the stuff.9.There has been a continuing deterioration in the relations between the two neighboring countries. (continue: vt/ vi./ continuous: adj.)(9) Hence (Therefore/ Thus) the deterioration of the family, hence juvenile delinquency, hence the decline of the republic, etc. All because Pop washed the dishes.10. The journey through the mountains we took last summer was very exciting but was fraught (full) with perils (dangers). (trip- journey)(10) Perils (Adventure) of Pauline or to read the comic section (part) of the daily paper while (at the same time) the wife retreats (withdraw) to the depressing disorder of a pillaged (robbed) kitchen, of greasy plates and crusty pots?课文参考译文第一课A 为男人洗碗正名佩奇 史密斯l近来，许多人都在高声喧嚷，大鸣不平，说父亲在美国家庭中的尊严和地位己大不如前了。 2他们争辩说，曾儿何时，父亲一直是家庭的绝对权威，而如今，这个可怜的人己经让位了，将养育孩子的重任留给了妻子。父亲成为一个滑稽的角色，卡通片、电视剧、电影里嘲弄的对象。 3他们说，由于父亲的种种缺失，美国的家庭现在乱七八糟，孩子们缺少管教，家庭气氛焦躁不安，没有安全感。 4于是乎，母亲主义应运而生。母亲变得专横起来，对孩子过于溺爱，主导了家庭生活的一切，结果给孩子们造成了各种各样可怕的心灵创伤。而此时，父亲顾自看着电视，或者呆在角落里生闷气，不敢对妻子的权威提出异议。 5当然，这种指责并不新鲜。美国建立