高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导总结.doc

高中英语完形填空解题技巧与指导总结一 阅读技能与试题设计2003年颁布的普通高中英语课程标准（实验）明确提出“高中阶段要着重提高学生用英语获取信息和处理信息，分析问题和解决问题的能力”，这就要求学生要不断地提高相应的阅读技能。新课标规定的阅读技能测试要点如下：1 理解主旨大意；2 寻读具体信息；3 理解细节；4 根据上下文提供语境推测生词词义，进而加深对文段的理解；5 简单的判断和推理；6 理解文段的基本逻辑结构；7 理解作者的意图和态度；8 理解文段的文化信息。测试方式共有11种，而其中的完形填空也是历届高考必有的题型之一，所占分值比例较大，并且由于在试卷中所处的位置较前，因此如何能在短时间内更好的完成这类试题对考生的影响较大：完形填空做得好，则考生对后面的试题就越有信心。二 NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空所给的短文是以作者的父亲给他童年生活带来的爱与欢乐而展开的回忆与联想。试题原文如下：In the depths of my memory, many things I did with my father still live. These things come to represent, in fact, what I call _21_and love.I dont remember my father ever getting into a swimming tool. But he did _22_the water. Any kind of _23_ride seemed to give him pleasure. _24_he loved to fish; sometimes he took me along.But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did. I liked being _25_the water, moving through it, _26_it all around me. I was not a strong _27_, or one who learned to swim early, for I had my _28_. But I loved being in the swimming pool close to my fathers office and _29_those summer days with my father, who _30_ come by on a break. I needed him to see what I could do. My father would stand there in his suit, the _31_person not in swimsuit.After swimming, I would go _32_ his office and sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk, where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer. Sometimes, if I was left alone at his desk _34_ he worked in the lab, an assistant or a student might come in and tell me perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35_. But my father always _36_and said easily, “Oh, no, its _37_.” Sometimes he handed me coins and told me to get _38_ an ice creamA poet once said, “We look at life once, in childhood,; the rest is _39_.” And I think it is not only what we “look at once, in childhood” that determines our memories, but _40_, in that childhood, look at us.21A. desire B. joy C. anger D. worry22A. avoid B. refuse C. praise D. love23A. boat B. bus C. train D. bike24A. But B. Then C. And D. Still25A. on B. off C. by D. in26A. having B. leaving C. making D. getting27A. swimmer B. rider C. walker D. runner28A. hopes B. faiths C. rights D. fears29A. spending B. saving C. wasting D. ruining30A. should B. would C. had to D. ought to31A. next B. only C. other D. last32A. away from B. out of C. by D. inside33A. put up B. break down C. play with D. work out34A. the moment B. the first time C. while D. before35A. fishing net B. office things C. wooden chair D. lab equipment36A. stood up B. set out C. showed up D. turned out37A. fine B. strange C. terrible D. funny38A. the student B. the assistant C. myself D. himself39A. memory B. wealth C. experience D. practice40A. which B. who C. what D. whose相对于科技类文章而言，这篇叙述性的完形填空是比较简单的，但由于考查的内容除对文章主旨的理解外还涉及到细节的判断和推理，这正是这类题型的难度所在之处。三 完形填空解题技巧现以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空为例，笔者愿与大家一起探讨从中发现的一些解题技巧。（一）前后呼应法做完形填空时，要始终抓住文章本身，联系“双语境”来判断，既大语境全文中心和基调，小语境空格前后句子所构成的语境；再根据前有伏笔后有呼应的思路来做题。如：第21题 B，根据后面作者所回忆的事情来判断，他的父亲带给他的应是爱与欢乐，所以选B:joy ，而其他选项都没有给出相应的事情来呼应。第22题 D, 由这一段的最后一句“he loved to fish;”及第三段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, the way my father did.”可知父亲喜欢水及一些水上活动。因此第23题也就能很快找到正确答案是A: boat。第30题 B，由后面两句可得知父亲会在休息时过来看“我”，特别后面提到“My father would stand there in his suit, ” 同样这儿用would更合理。第32题 D，这一段是讲作者在游泳后到他父亲的办公室里玩耍。与后面的“sit on the wooden chair in front of his big desk”相呼应。第33题 C，与35题所在的句子“- perhaps I shouldnt be playing with his _35_.”相呼应，因此35题的答案也能从33题“- where he let me _33_anything I found in his top desk drawer.”中推断出是C。第38题 C，由文章大意可知道父亲应是十分爱“我”的，所以有时还会给“我”钱买冰淇淋吃。这是与文章的大语境相呼应的。第39题 A，作者认为不仅是我们童年所看到的事物决定了我们的记忆，而且还包括那时关爱我们的人。所以诗人所说的“the rest”就应该是memory与下一句的“determines our memories”相呼应。（二）But 转折法在完形填空题中，but 一词前后通常会设题。文中一出现but，应该马上想到前后语意有转折，只要知道其中一方的语意，就可以推出另一方的意思，所以在做题时，遇到类似but的词，如：however, nevertheless, whereas, yet等，也可以同样处理，以便于从文中找到解题的依据。仍旧以NMET 2008（浙江卷）完形填空为例：第25题 D，由这一段的第一句“But I never really liked being on the water, he way my father did”.及后面的“moving through it,”可知“I liked being in the water.”第37题 A, 当父亲的学生或助手认为“我”不应该玩他办公室里的东西时，父亲却总是轻松地表示没有关系。所以第37题答案很明显是A : fine。以下就笔者在2008年第一学期从事高一英语教学实践过程中遇到的完形填空为例，发现的其他一些解题技巧。（三）绝对矛盾法绝对矛盾法是从选项着手分析，若四个选项中有两个选项是绝对矛盾和对立，那么正确选项大多在这两个对立项之间产生。二者必居其一.至于究竟是两者中的哪一个，则需要进一步根据上下文的语境来判断。例如在浙江省湖州中学教学讲义高一英语模块一、二（2008，9）第120页，完形填空第二段：Most computers have a memory(存储器). They can work millions of times _3_ than man. That means information can be put in _4_ and be taken out any time when needed.第3题的选项分别是A.slow B. slower C. fast D. faster据观察应选用比较级，所以先排除A和C，在根据后面的一句及我们的常识可知，电脑的工作效率要比人快，所以在B，D这两个对立项中，自然就可以很轻松地把正确答案D选出来了。又如第90页的完形填空：The Great Wall, one of the greatest wonders of the world, was enlisted in the World Heritage in 1987. Just _1_ a dragon, it winds its way from east to west of China. With a history of more than 2000 years. Some sections are now in ruins or even entirely_2_ .第2题的选项分别是A.appeared B. missed C. went D. disappeared显然A和D 是对立项，根据题意可知长城的一些部分已经破败不堪，甚至完全消失，故答案就是D. disappeared 。高中学习丛书英语高一（Book1,2）第101页的完形填空中有一部分是这样的：Jazz is Americas contribution to _5_ music. Compared to classical music, which _6_ formal European traditions, jazz is a free form.第5题的选项分别是A.classical B. scared C. popular D. light其中A与C相对立，通过后一句“Compared to classical music,”可知正确选项为C。（四）同义复现法同义复现是英语中常见的一种现象。为强调某一意思，但又不想重复使用某个词或短语。在完形填空题中，同义词或同义短语的位置多半比较靠近，很容易找到，所以同义复现法是很好的解题技巧。无须过多的推理，只需确定是哪里使用了同义复现，然后从选项中找出与之相符合的一项即可。如2007学年第一学期期末考试样卷（湖州市）高一英语完形填空的第三段：That night he wrote a seven-page paper describing his _45_ of someday owning a horse ranch. He wrote his dream in great detail and _46_ drew a diagram of a 200-acre ranch _47_ the locaion of everthing important there.第45题的选项分别是A. mind B. chance C. goal D. design正确答案C：goal与下一句中的dream同义，并且结合上下文得出他写了37页纸来描述他自己的目标，也就是他的梦想。高中学习丛书英语高一（Book1,2）第82页的完形填空最后一段：I was worried and I sank in my thoughts. I didnt even _19_ that the coffee was bad, _20_ Steven didnt notice there was a person next to him.第19题的选项分别为A. pretend B. understand C. insist D. realize第20题的选项分别为A. as if B. just as C. just after D. even though第20题的正确选项为B. just as。由此可知第19题的正确选项应与由“just as”引导的从句中的谓语动词“notice”同义，故选D. realize。四 解题指导无论是哪种形式的阅读技能检测，只有在平时的课堂教学中扎实学生的语言基础，才使学生稳步提高用英语获取信息，处理信息，发现问题和解决问题的能力。无法想象一位词汇贫乏，语法不通，句子结构不清的学生能在完形填空题中得高分。所以作为教师的我们有义务从小处着手，从细节做起，逐渐地培养学生的解题能力。具体可以从以下几点做起：（一） 词汇分类可以单元或模块为单位，把其中的近义词，反义词等归类，这样就能使学生在遇到有同义反复或绝对矛盾题型时，更快地找到正确的答案。 如在Book 1里就有这样一些近义词或词组：opinion, view; destroy, damage; as if, as though; be concerned about, care about; right away, at once 等。反义词或词组有：generous, mean; selfish, selfless; equal, unfair; b