高中英语定语从句.doc

前置定语a good boy a ball pen the tall boy the strong boy the clever boyThe boy is Tom. The boy who is tall is Tom. The boy who is strong is TomThe boy who is clever is Tom. the red apple The apple which is red / green/ red /green is mine.定语后置a basket full of eggs a language easy to learn The people there are going to Beijing. The life tomorrow will be more comfortable. The friendship between the two countries will last forever . The ball under the chair is mine. The people living here are fond of folk songs. 定语从句中的关系词之三大功能 作用关 系词连接作用替代先行词在从句中充当某一成分关系代词who人主语（在口语中亦可作宾语/表语）whom人宾语（在口语中可用who代，但在介词后只能用此词）whose人/ 物定语（可用of + which取代）which物 / 句子主语 / 宾语/ 表语that人 / 物主语 / 宾语/ 表语as人/物/句子主语 / 宾语/ 表语关系副词when时间名词时间状语（可用“介词+which”取代）where地点名词地点状语（可用“介词+which”取代）whythe reason原因状语（可用“for + which”取代）1.定语从句: 用来修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句.它一 般都跟在所修饰的名词或代词的后面,被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词,引导定语从句的词叫关系词,分为关系代词和关系副词. Last week I bought a book. It is very interesting Last week I bought a book and it is very interesting.The book (that /which )I bought last week is very interesting. Last week I bought a book , which is very interesting.选择依据：弄清关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语,宾语，定语还是状语辨别先行词表示的是人，物，事还是时间，地点，原因判断从句是限制性的还是非限制性的（只有that,why不能引导非限制性从句）考点一 关系代词that和which在很多情况下可以互换，但哪些情况只能用that?1:先行词是everything, nothing, anything, something, much, little, none等不定代词或由不定代词any, some, no, much, few, little, every, all等修饰时, 引导定语从句用that不用 which。All that can be done has been done. Ive read all the books that are not mine. 2：先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰且指物时, 引导定语从句用that 。This is one of the best films that I have ever seen. This is the first book (that) he has read.3: 先行词中既有人又有事物时，引导定语从句用 that 。He spoke of the things and persons that he had seen abroad.4:先行词被the very, the only等修饰且指物时,引导定语从句用that。This is the very book that I am looking for. 5：当先行词前面有who/which等疑问代词时，只用that。 Who is the lady that is talking to our teacher? Which is the book that you want to read?练习 All _ he learned from the teachers is valuable.You can find all the information _ you need on the Internet.He told me everything _ he heard at the meeting.Sydney is the first place _ I visited in Australia.This is the most amusing(惊讶的) story _ I have read.The only information _ I got is his address.This is the very moment _ can decide your future.Ill never forget the beautiful village and the kind villagers _ I visited the summer holiday.Who is the man _is standing by the window?考点二 有哪些情况关系代词不用that，而用which，who，whom?Fill in the blanksaHe made the same mistakes again ,_which_ made his parents very angry.bYesterday I bought a dictionary,_which_ cost me more than 100 yuan .cMr Smith,_who_ gave a talk several months ago, will come again.dMy uncle has come back from abroad,_whom_ I havent met for a long time.e. I live in the room the door of_which_ is white.1、在非限制性定语从句中，指事物用which，指人用who或whom.2、在介词后面，指事物用 which，指人用whom.1.Her bag ,in which she put all her money, has been stolen. 2.This is the ring on which she spent 1000 dollars.3.Xiao Wang ,with whom I went to the concert, enjoyed himself very much.(4)My glasses, without which I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.考点三 在定语从句中如何正确判断与使用介词?1.引导定语从句时，能用于介词+关系代词引导定语从句的代词只有which和whom。选择的依据如下： 介词与定语从句的先行词或动词，形容词是习惯性搭配。Eg. The farm on which I once worked has taken on a new look Who is the man with whom our teacher is shaking hands? Ours is a beautiful country, of which we are greatly proud. 名词/代词/数词+ of +which/whom知多少? Rewrite the following sentences1.The committee consists of 20 members and5 of them are women. 2.The book contains 50 poems, and most of them were written in 1930s.3.I have a sentence ,and the meaning of it I dont understand. I have a sentence , the meaning of which I dont understand.Conclusion 名词/代词/数词+ of表示物用which表示人用whom2. 当引导词在定语从句中做介词宾语时，介词可以提前放在which或when前，也可放于原来的位置，但在含有动词固定词组中，介词只能放于原来的位置。Eg. This is the room which/that Luxun used to live in. = This is the room in which Luxun used to live. The man who/whom/that I talked about at the meeting is from Beijing University. = The man about whom I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.但This is the person who/whom/that you are looking for. 这一句中for不可提前，因为look for 是短语动词。 例1 Eric received training in computer for one year, _ he found a job in a big company. A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this （即时巩固练习）1. I was given three books on cooking, the first_ I really enjoyed. A. of that B. of which C. that D. which2. He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A. from which B. after that C. after which D. from this考点四 如when ,where , why与which, that引导的定语从句?如何恰当使用1. 先行词是表示地点,时间,原因的名词或含有地点,时间,原因意义的抽象名词，用来引导定语从句.when ,where, why在从句中作状语 相当于相应的介词+which 2. 若定语从句缺主语或宾语，用which或that引导定语从句。This is the town where/ in which I spent my childhood. The library which/that you visited yesterday was built in 1990.Ill never forget the day_ when/on which we first met in the park. Ill never forget the time _which/that I spent with you.where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。1. Ive come to the point where I cant stand him. 2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time.解析：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。 1.We are trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. which B. that C. where D. when2. -Do you have anything to say for yourself? -Yes, theres one point _ we must insist on . A. why B. where C. how D. /考点五 如何用好whose 引导的定语从句? whose表示所属关系The river _ banks are covered with trees flows to the sea.There are in this class 20 students, _ are different.A. whose backgrounds B. the backgrounds of whom C. of whom the backgrounds D. the backgrounds of whose考点六 as 和 which 的区别知多少？1、非限制性定语从句中谓语为被动时，常用as 作主语。as is said/ known/ announced/ reported/ mentioned/ expected/ discussed等。As is known to all, Taiwan is part of China.2、as引导非限制性定语从句，有“正如”的含义，因此，下列句式中多用as:as引导非限制性定语从句常见结构有 as is well known/ is known to all众所周知as has been said before如前所述 as has been already pointed out正如已经指出的 as we all can see正如我们所看到的as is expected/ hoped/ supposed,. 正如所盼望的/希望的/料想的 as is often the case情况常常如此考点七 定语从句运用中的注意点 1.定语从句中关系代词与先行词的一致性。试比较：He is the only one of the students who was here just now. He is one of the students who were here just now.2.定语从句与并列结构。试比较：He has two sons, neither of whom looks like him. He has two sons, and neither of them looks like him.2.定语从句和并列句 1. I saw some trees, and the leaves of the trees were black with disease.=I saw some trees, the leaves of _which_were black with disease.2. The professor is an ordinary-looking little man, on the nose of _whom_there is a pair of glasses3、是用the one还是用that , which, where. （1）Is this school _ you study? （2）Is this the school _ you study in? （3）Is this the school _ you study? （4）Is this school _ is a senior one?A. that/whichB. whereC. the oneD. the one whereE. the one that / which 遇到这类句子，先将其变成肯定句，再看主句是否缺少表语。若缺表语，则必须用the one的形式，接着再看the one在从句中作什么成分，若作状语，则必须用the one where，若作主语或宾语时，则用the one (that/ which)4、定语从句与强调结构的区别（1）It was in this house _ he was born.（2）It was this house _ he was born.（3）It was in the house _ _ he used to live in that the exhibition was held. A. whereB. thatC. whichD. there5、定语从句与其他从句的区别（1）定语从句与地点状语从句的区别是看有无表示地点的名词作先行词，有则是定语从句，试比较：You should leave the toy where you can find. I still remember the bus stop where / at which I met you.3.定语从句和状语从句 (1)This is such a big stone _that_no one can lift it. This is such a big stone _as_no one can lift. (2)Please put the letter in the drawer _in which _he can easily find it.(=where) Please put the letter_where_he can easily find it. （2）定语从句与结果状语从句的区别是看从句的连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句；若连接词在句中不作成分时，则为结果状语从句。试比较：He is such a kind person as everybody likes. He is such a kind person that everybody likes him.（3）定语从句与同位语从句的区别主要是看连接词是否在从句中作成分，作成分的是定语从句，不作成分而只是表示前面名词的具体内容的则是同位语从句。试比较：The news that he had been back surprised us all. The news (that) he told us surprised us all.6.定语从句和同位语从句 (1)The news _that_our volleyball team won the match made us excited. (2)The news _that/which_he told me yesterday is exciting. (3)The problem _that_we should answer for the accident is clear to you. (4)The problem _that/which_he asked me to solve is hard to solve.4.定语从句和名词性从句 (1) He did all (that) he could to help me .(=what) (2) All that can be done has been done. (=what) (3) _As_is known to us all, the earth turns round the sun. It is known to us all _that_Taiwan belongs to China. (4)_What_ is known to us all is that the earth is smaller than the sun. 5、way 后面的定语从句（用that/ in which 或省略）： Please tell me the way (that/ in which) you did the job.定语从句专项练习一、易混易错定语从句练习:1Who lives in thehouse _windows face south？ Who lives in thehouse _ the windows face south？2Is this factory_ you visited last year？ Is this the factory_you visited last year？3John is the only oneof the students who_ French（know） John is one of thestudents who _ French（know）When I have trouble，heis the only one_ I can ask for help When I have trouble，heis the only one _I can go for help5This is the knife_ I usually cut my pencil This is the knife_I usually use to cut my pencil6Last summer he went to Beijing，_ he had visited twice Last summer he went toBeijing，_ he visited a lot of places of interest7He still remember thedays _we spent together He still remember thedays _we spent the summer holidays together8The reason _he gave us was that his car broke down on the way The reason _ hewas late was that his car broke down on the way9. The teacher did _ he could to help us. The teacher did all _ he could to help us.定语从句对比练习1. A. Mr Brown has two daughters, both of _are doctors. B. Mr Brown has two daughters. Both of_ _are doctors. a. them b. whom c. that d. they2. A. Ill never forget the days _we spent together in Beijing. B. Ill remember the days _we worked together in Beijing. a. that b. where c. when d. what3. A. The building _gate faces south is my office. B. The building _faces south is my office. a. whose b. where c. which d. in which4. A. Our teacher did all _he could to help them. B. Our teacher did _he could to help them. a. what b. which c. that d. whose5. A. Is this the novel _you bought the day before yesterday? B. Is this novel _you bought he day before yesterday. a. that b. the one c. where d. in which6. A. She is one of the students in our class who _ well. B. She is the only one of the students in our class who _ well. a. sing b. sings c. sang d. have sung7. A. We should go to the place _we are most needed. B. We should go to the place _needs us most. a. it b. where c. that d. what8. A. It is October_ we met in Dalian for the first time. B. It is in October _we met in Dalian for the first time. a. that b. which c. when d. while10. A. Mr Cross is _people call a strange man.B. Mr Cross is a man _people call a strange man. a. what b. that c. which d. who11. A. He is such a good teacher _we all like him. B. He is such a good teacher _we all like. a. whom b. that c. as d. which12. A. He has four daughters, two of _are workers. B. He has four daughters, and two of _are workers. a. which b. whom c. them d. what13. A. Mother didnt come back on December 25, _was my birthday. B. Mother didnt come back home on December 25, _she was busy working. a. that b. which c. when d. as14. A. He said nothing at the meeting, _surprised us all. B. He said nothing at the meeting, _was known to us all. a. as b. that c. which d. such15. A. This is the room _he lived in his childhood. B. This is the room _he lived in last year. a. when b. where c. that d. what16. A. It was the house _I met the young man. B. It was in the house _I met the young man. a. which b. what c. that d. where相似结构辨析1:Is this museum _ they visited yesterday? 2. Is this the museum _ they visited yesterday?3. Is this museum _ they stayed yesterday? 4. Is this the museum _ they stayed yesterday?5. Is the museum _you visited yesterday beautiful? 6. It was the museum_ you saw many treasures.7. It was in the museum _ you saw many treasures.8. It was in the museum _ you dropped in that you saw many treasures.A. where B. which C. that D. the one E. /相似结构辨析2: She lived in the house _ she used to live. 2. She lived in the house _she used to live in.3. She lived in the house _ she used to drop in. 4. She lived in the house _ she used to visit.5. She lived in the house _windows were broken. 6. She lived in the house _the windows were broken.7. She lived in the house the windows _ were broken.8. She lived in the house and _ windows were broken.9. She lived in the house _ the broken windows.A.where B. in which C. at which D. that E. which F. its G. with H. of which I. whose J. /相似结构辨析3: _ is known is that he has gone to college 2._ is known that he has gone to college.3. _ is known, he has gone to college. 4. We all know _ he has gone to college.5. He has gone to college, _made us surprised.6. He has gone to college and _made us surprised.7. He has gone to college, _ surprised us.8. _ surprised us most was _ he has gone to college. A. It B. As C. which D. What E. that相似结构辨析5: 1. He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _ he became a manager, some years later.2. He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _ was important for him.3. He arrived in Beijing in 1984, _ he was already in his fifties.4. He arrived in Beijing in 1984, and _ he becam