高考英语阅读理解专题复习.doc

英语专题复习阅读理解一突破英语阅读的关键：1.以词汇为基础。 在整个英语词汇中，最重要的词性就是动词，要把整个大纲要求词汇中的动词掌握。2. 多做阅读练习。要多做练习、大量阅读，通过练习来提高阅读。在高考英语中，阅读理解是通过大量练习最容易提高分数的部分。 二正确的做题步骤 第一步：通读。通读采用的是 ，在几秒钟内达到以下目的即可；A识别文体，掌握结构 B了解文章的主旨大意。 第二步：读题。 即 。在仔细阅读问题的提干和选项后，了解该题的题型和考查内容，然后带着问题有目的地复读短文，这样就能在阅读过程中加快速度、集中思想，敏锐地捕捉到与题目相关的信息，从而有的放矢地找到答案。第三步：复读。复读采用的是 ，按照试题要求，有针对性地从文章中迅速找出所需要的关键信息。需要注意的是，完成一篇高考阅读理解题的主要时间分布都应放在第二、三步上面。第四步：核查三阅读理解常见考题：1）事实细节题 2）猜测词义题 3）主旨大意题 4）推理判断题 四四种考题的解题方法和技巧：（一）事实细节题考查找信息的能力, 答案在文章中现成的, 找出涉及的信息存在于何处, 然后根据语境去理解。这类题属于记忆性问题。（二） 猜测词义题猜词技巧：1. 根据定义或解释说明猜测生词的词义 ( ) A person who is skilled at making or repairing wooden objects is called a carpenter. A mosquito is a small flying pest that thrust the skin and then drink blood. ( )2. 根据对比关系猜测生词的词义 If you agree, write “yes”; if you dissent, write“no”. （ ） 3. 根据生活常识猜测词意 Rubber can be made to stretch more than nine times its normal length because it is elastic. （ ） The river is so turbid that it is impossible to see the bottom even when it is shallow. （ ）4. 根据同等关系猜测词意 At forty-two he was in his prime and always full of energy. （ ） 5. 根据构词法的知识猜测词意 When a wise person misuses his wisdom, he will do great harm to society. （ ）（三）主旨大意题1. 设题方式1) 主题型主旨大意题的题干表现形式 Which of the following statements best expresses the main idea of the passage?What is the passage mainly about?2) 目的类主旨大意题The passage is meant to The purpose of this article is to 3) 标题类主旨大意题The best title for the passage might be 2. 如何做主旨大意题要搞清的是问某一段还是全文的大意，可利用文中主要信息来把握文脉，进行综合归纳，概括文章的主题。如有标题，标题中蕴含的信息往往是关键信息。任何一篇文章都是围绕某个主题展开的，因此，许多文章中最明显的特点之一是有一个反复出现的中心词，即高频词，也叫做主题词。抓住了它，便容易抓住文章的中心，找出文章/段落的主题句。3. 应试技巧：寻找主题句1. 有主题句，套用主题句（划出下列文段中的主题句） Sample 1 People have different tastes in food. Some feel that they havent eaten a meal unless they have had steak or other red meat. Some prefer chicken or fish and eat one or the other at every meal. Others prefer vegetables and fruits or grains and would enjoy a meal of spaghetti, eggplant, and fresh fruit. Others could live on what were called fast-foods: a hamburger or hot dog, French fries and a soft drink.Sample 2 Some students prefer a strict teacher who tells them exactly what to do. Others prefer to be left to work on their own. Still others like a democratic discussion type of class. No one teaching method can be devised to satisfy all students at the same time. 2无主题句，自己小结即主题句隐含在全文中，没有明确的主题句。必须根据文篇中所提供的事实细节，进行全面考虑，综合分析，然后找出共同的东西，归纳成一般概念。必须注意的是，既不能以偏概全，也不能在概括时过于宽泛，要恰如其分。Tom studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his graduation. He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors. Harvard Law School and, later, Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background. He is presently a corporation lawyer in Miami, Florida.What is the main idea of the passage? A. How Tom became a lawyer. B. Tom is a diligent student.C. Tom received an excellent education. D. A good lawyer needs good education. （四）推理判断型考查内容：1. 推断隐含意义 2. 推断作者观点或态度 3. 推断写作目的 4. 推断文章出处 5. 推断文脉逻辑关系1. 推断隐含意义设题方式It can be inferred from the text that_. From the text we know that is most likely_.When the writer talks about , what the writer really means is_.The writer suggests that . The story implies that .We can infer conclude from the passage that .这类题干中通常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude等标志性词语。技巧点拨 1) 全面分析 2) 忠实原文 3) 不要选择表层信息E.X. 1.Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it sound like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. The sound of this beetle _.A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.2. It is fun to turn over a big rock on the beach. Make sure you turn the rock back to the position it was in after you moved it. If you dont turn it back over, all the sea animals under it or clinging to（依附）the underside will die. You can tell that rocks _.A. hurt sea animals B. protect sea animalsC. wont be found on beaches D. cant be found on beaches2. 推断作者观点或态度 设题方式The writers attitude toward is_.The writer thought that_.According to the author _.技巧点拨：注意作者表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，推断出作者的弦外之音。说明文中作者的态度: objective(客观的) ，neutral(中立的)，positive(肯定的，积极的)，negative（否定的，消极的），approval（赞成的），disapproval（不赞成的）， indifferent（漠不关心的），ironic(讽刺的)，critical(批评的)，optimistic(乐观的)，pessimistic(悲观的)E.X. 1.Why isnt your newspaper reporting any good news？All I read about is murder, bribery(行贿)，and death. Frankly，Im sick of all the bad news.This authors attitude towards the newspaper reporting is to _.A. complain B. apologize C. amuse D. inform3. 推断写作目的设题方式(1) 考查整篇文章的写作目的The writers purpose of writing this passage is to _.What is the purpose of writing this article?In writing the passage, the author intends to _.(2) 考查某处细节的写作意图The writer uses the example ofto show that _.The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.are mentioned in the first paragraph to _. E.X. “Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Jamie Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _.A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topicC. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers to answer them4. 推断文章出处The passage is most likely to be taken from_.Where would this passage most probably appear?The passage is most likely a part of _.解题技巧这类问题应从文章的内容或结构来判断其出处：(1) 报纸 ：前面会出现日期、地点或通讯社名称 (2) 广告 ：因其格式特殊，容易辨认 (3) 产品说明：器皿、设备的使用说明会有产品名称或操作方式，而药品的服用说明会告知服用时间、次数、