2015年职称英语教材综合类B补全短文word版下载.doc

补全短文部分第六篇Mobile PhonesMobile phones should carry a label if they proved1 to be a dangerous source of radiation, according to Robert Bell, a scientist. And no more mobile phone transmitter towers should be built until the long-term health effects of the electromagnetic radiation they emit are scientifically evaluated, he said. “Nobodys going to drop dead overnight2 but we should be asking for more scientific information，” Robert Bell said at a conference on the health effects of low-level radiation. _1_A report widely circulated among the public says that up to now scientists do not really know enough to guarantee there are no ill-effects on humans from electromagnetic radiation. According to Robert Bell, there are 3. 3 million mobile phones in Australia alone and they are increasing by 2,000 a day3. _2_As well, there are 2,000 transmitter towers around Australia, many in high density residential areas5. _3_The electromagnetic radiation emitted from these towers may have already produced some harmful effects on the health of the residents nearby.Robert Bell suggests that until more research is completed the Government should ban construction of phone towers from within a 500 metre radius of school grounds, child care centres, hospitals, sports playing fields and residential areas with a high percentage of children. _4_ He adds that there is also evidence that if cancer sufferers are subjected to electromagnetic waves the growth rate of the disease accelerates._5_ According to Robert Bell, it is reasonable for the major telephone companies to fund it. Besides, he also urges the Government to set up a wide-ranging inquiry into possible health effects.词汇：mobile 移动的 electromagnetic 电磁的transmitter tower发射塔 shield 隔离屏circulate 流传 density 密度disregard 不顾 accelerate 加速，加快注释：1动词prove用的是过去式形式proved,这是一种虚拟语气表示假设的用法。2Nobodys going to drop dead overnight . 没有人会在一个晚上倒地死去”overnight是副词，意为“一夜间；一下子；整夜”。如：This stadium was not built overnight.这个体育场不是一下子建起来的。On his way to Europe, John stayed with his parents in Chicago overnight.在去欧洲的途中，约翰在芝加哥他父母那儿待了一个晚上。3介词by表示“以（的速度增加）”。4介词by表示“到前”。如：By Thursday morning you should complete writing the experiment report.到周四上午你应该写完实验报告。the year 2000：公元2000年5many in high density residential areas是独立主格结构。注意它省略了being，即many（being）in high density residential areas0此夕卜，many指的是many transmitter towers。6vat a rate more than three times that of adults可以理解为at a rate（that is）more than three times that of adults，意为“以比成人多两倍的比率”短语中的that指代rate。倍数的表达法是：“数字times名词/that”。如：His salary is three times that of mine.他的薪水比我多两倍。The sales Volume of refrigerators in 2000 was twice that in 1999.2000年冰箱的销量比1999年多一倍。练习： AHe says there is emerging evidence that children absorb low-level radiation at a rate more than three times that of adults6.BBy the year 20004 it is estimated that Australia will have 8 million mobile phones ：nearly one for every two people.C“If mobile phones are found to be dangerous, they should carry a warning label until proper shields can be devised,” he said.DThen who finances the research?EFor example, Telstra, Optus and Vodaphone build their towers where it is geographically suitable to them and disregard the need of the community.FThe conclusion is that mobile phones brings more harm than benefit.答案与题解：1C“空1”应该填入与low-level radiation有关的内容，例如：low-level radiation究竟有害还是无害。所以，C是合适的选项。此外,直接引语也佐证了选择的合理性。2B“空2”前面一句介绍了澳大利亚拥有手机的现状。选项B的内容是对到2000年之前手机发展前景的预测，内容连贯，是正确答案。3E这一段第一句说的是，许多微波发射塔建在人口稠密的居民区。选项E的内容涉及微、波发射塔的地点选择只考虑到地理位置，而不顾及社区的安全。选项E扩展了第一句表达的信息。此外，选项E中出现tower这个词，与第一句的tower相呼应，也佐证了选择的合理性。4A“空4”前面一句说的是Robert Bell建议政府应该禁止在儿童比例高的地区（如学校操场、儿童医疗中心、居住小区等）的500米半径范围内建造发射塔。选项A说明为什么要这样做的原因，因而是答案。5D“空5”后面一句说的是major telephone companies出钱资助研究项目的问题，提示了D是正确答案。译文：移动电话根据科学家罗伯特贝尔的观点，如果移动电话被证实是一种辐射危害的来源的话，那在上 面应该贴一个标签。而且直到移动电话发射塔的电磁辐射对人体健康的长期影响有一个合乎科学 的评价之前，不能建造更多的发射塔。“没有人会在一个晚上就倒地死去，伹我们还是应该寻找更 多的科学论据去指出它的危害。”罗伯特?贝尔在一次关于少量辐射对人体健康影响的会议上说。 “如果移动电话被证明有危害，就应该在它上面贴一个警告标签，直到设计出合适的隔离屏为 止。”他说。在公众中一个广泛的流行说法是，现在的科学家们还不能完全地保证，电磁辐射对人类没有 负面影响。正如罗伯特?贝尔所指出，仅在澳大利亚就有330万部移动电话，而且正以每天 2 000部的速度增加。估计到公元2000年之前澳大利亚将拥有800万部移动电话，接近每两人一部手机。同时，在澳大利亚境内分布着2 000座发射塔，其中有许多还坐落在人口密集的居民区。例 如，Telstra, Optus和Vodaphone所建造的发射塔从地理位置上来说是合适的，但都忽视了公众的 需求。从这些发射塔发出的电磁辖射可能已经对附近的居民产生了一些有害影响。罗伯特贝尔建议，在更多的研究工作未完成之前，政府应该禁止在学校操场、儿童日托中 心、医院、运动场所以及儿童占比例较高的居住场所方圆500米范围内建造发射塔。他说显现的 证据表明，儿童以成年人三倍多的比例吸收微量辐射。同时他补充说还有一个证据证明如果癌症 患者受到电磁波的辐射，就会导致疾病的加速恶化。那么谁资助这项研究呢？罗伯特贝尔认为由较大的电话公司提供资金是合情合理的，他还极力主张政府进行一系列广泛的关于辐射可能对身体健康有所影响的调查与研究。第七篇The Worlds Longest BridgeRumor has it that1 a legendary six-headed monster lurks in the deep waters of the TyrrhenianSea between Italy and the island of Sicily.(1) When completed in 2010, theworlds longest bridge will weigh nearly 300,000 tons 一 equivalent to the iceberg that sank the Titanic and stretch 5 kilometers long. “ Thats nearly 50 percent longer than any other bridge ever built. ，says structural engineer Shane Rixon.(2) Theyre suspension bridges, massive structures built to span vast water channels or gorges. A suspension bridge needs just two towers to shoulder the structures mammoth weight, thanks to hefty supporting cables slung between the towers and anchored firmly in deep pools of cement at each end of the bridge. The Messina Strait Bridge will have two 54，100-ton towers, which will support most of the bridges load. The beefy cables of the bridge, each 1. 2 meter in diameter, will hold up the longest and widest bridge deck ever built.When construction begins on the Messina Strait Bridge in 2005, the first job will be to erect two 370 meter-tall steel towers. (3 ) Getting these cables up will be something2. Its not just their length totally 5. 3 kilometers but their weight. (4)After lowering vertical “suspender，cables from the main cables, builders will erect a 60 meter-wide 54,630-ton steel roadway, or deck wide enough to accommodate 12 lanes of traffic. The decks weight will pull down on the cables with a force of 70,500 tons. In return, the cables yank up against their firmly rooted anchors with a force of 139，000 tons equivalent to the weight of about 100,000 cars. Those anchors are essential. (5)词汇：legendary 传说中的 gorge 峡谷monster 怪物，妖怪 mammoth 巨大的lurk 潜伏 hefty 高强度的Sicily 西西里岛（意大利南部） sling 用悬带吊挂Tyrrhenian Sea 第勒尼安海 beefy 结实的Messina Strait 墨西拿海峡 yank 拽注释：1.Rumor has it that:有传言说rumor has it that是一种固定结构。it是宾语，that引导的从句具体说明it的内容。2.something:值得重视的人或事 练习： A Some environmentalists are against the project on biological grounds.B What do the worlds longest bridges have in common?C If true, one day you might spy the beast while zipping (呼晡而过)across the Messina Strait Bridge.D Theyre what will keep the bridge from going anywhere.E The second job will be to pull two sets of steel cables across the strait, each set being a bundle of 44,352 individual steel wires.F They will tip up the scales at 166,500 tons more than half the bridges total mass.答案与题解：1.C选项C中有一个关键词beast,与第一句的monster相呼应。所以，C是答案。2.B第二段第二.句的主语是They。由于表语是suspension bridges, They替代的一定是 前面句子出现过的bridges。六个选项中，只有B含有bridges，且填在第二段段首意思 连贯。3.E “空3”前面的句子有the first job这几个词。有first,必有second/then。六个选项中，只 有E含有The second job。所以，E是答案。4.F “空4”前面的句子说的是，把这些吊索吊高定位是有难度的，不仅仅由于它们很长，还 由于它们很重。F介绍了它们的重量，应该是“空4”前面的句子的后续句。5.D “空5”前面的句子说的是，桥桩很重要。为什么很重要呢？ D解释了桥桩的作用，意思 连贯，所以是答案。译文：世界上最长的桥据传说，在意大利和西西里岛间的第勒尼安海的深处，潜伏着一头神奇的六头怪兽。如果这是真的，你有可能在飞驶过墨西拿海峡桥时窥视到这怪物。到2010年该桥竣工的时候，它将是一座世界上最长且重达30万吨的大桥，这个重量近似于撞沉泰坦尼克号巨轮的冰山的重量。这座桥长约5千米，桥的结构工程师雪恩里克森说：“|它比有史以来最长的桥还长出约50%。”那么，世界上最长的这些桥之间有什么共同点呢？它们都是吊桥，有着巨大的桥的构架，横跨航道或峡谷间的巨大水域。一座吊桥只需要两个塔身来支撑绳索。墨西拿海峡桥的两座塔将分别重54100吨，它们将支撑住桥的大部分重量。桥的绳索很结实，每条直径1.2米，它们将支起建桥史上最长最宽的桥板。墨西拿海峡桥的建造将于2005年开始，那时要做的第一项工作将是树立起两座370米高的铁塔。第二项工作将是在海峡两端支起两套钢索，每一套绳索由44352根单独的钢缆组成。把这些钢缆举起来是很不容易地。这不仅仅体现在钢缆很长（共有5.3千米），而且也由于它们的重量，它们将重达166500吨，这个重量已超过类桥总重量的一半。在从主绳索上降下垂直的悬索后，建造者将造起一条60米宽、54630吨重的公路，或者说是桥板，这个宽度的路将可容纳12条交通车道。桥板的重量将使两端的钢索负重70500吨。反过来，相应的钢索将以139000吨的力度拽着牢牢扎根了的固定物，这个力度近似于10万辆轿车的总重量。这些桥桩是很必要的，正是这些桥桩防止了桥的随便移动。第八篇Public RelationsPublic relations is a broad set of planned communications about the company, including publicity releases , designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image1.(1) Since public relations involves communications with stockholders,financial analysts，government officials，and other noncustomer groups，it is usually placed outside the marketing department, perhaps as a staff department or outside consulting firm reporting to top management. This organizational placement can be a limitation because the public relations department or consultant will likely not be in tune with2 marketing efforts. (2)Although the basic purpose of public relations is to provide positive influence on the public image, this influence generally may be less than that provided by the other components of the public image mix.(3) Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department4, as it can provide a useful adjunct to5 the regular advertising. (4)The point we wish to emphasize is that a firm is deluding itself if it thinks its public relations function，whether within the company or an outside firm，can take care of public image problems and opportunities. (5) Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business7，such as its product quality，the servicing and handling of complaints，and the tenor of the advertising. Public relations and directed publicity may help highlight favorable newsworthy events, and may even succeed in toning down the worst of unfavorable publicity, but the other components of the public image mix create more lasting impressions.词汇：goodwill .信誉；善意，友好；愿意，乐意noncustomer group 非消费者群体 consulting firm 咨询公司 overtone 联想；暗示；次要的作用（或意义）；弦外之音delude 欺骗，哄骗 newsworthy 有新闻价值的注释： 1. designed to promote goodwill and a favorable image.：旨在提高信誉，树立良好形象。2.in tune with:与协调，与一致。例如：The price of gold coins fluctuates in tune with commodities.金币的价格随商品涨落。3.be in the form of:是(或有）形式（或形状）。例如：Gold was found in the ancient tomb in the form of bars.在古墓中发现了铸成金条的黄金。4.Publicity on the other hand should not be divorced from the marketing department .另一方面，宣传也不能脱离营销部门5.a useful adjunct to.：对的有用补充6.downright ill-advised:十分不明智7.Many of these have to do with the way the firm does business.其中有许多因素与公司做生意的方式有关。练习： A Publicity may be in the form of news releases that have favorable overtones for the company initiated by the public relations department.B Furthermore, not all publicity is initiated by the# firm； some can result from an unfavorable press as a reaction to certain actions or lack of actions that are controversial or even downright ill-advised.C Publicity then is part of public relations when it is initiated by the firm，usually in the form of press releases or press conferences.D Many factors impact on the public image.E It surely causes heavy losses to the company.F Poor communication and no coordination may be the consequences.答案与题解：1.C文章第一段给公关下定义，其中特别提到公关包括对外宣传。把C放在这里起承接上一 段，引出下一段的作用。2.F前一句说这种组织设置会成为一种限制，因为公关部门或公关顾问很可能与营销部门不 相协调一致，那么这种情况会造成什么后果呢？ F说:“可能会导致沟通不畅、彼此不合作的 后果。”这两句话放在一起意思连贯、顺畅。E似乎也能构成答案，但语气过于肯定,所述内 容过于具体，上下文没有足够的信息使之成为合适的选项。3.A A句意思为:“公关部进行的宣传也可以是新闻发布形成的。这种形式能为公司带来良 好影响。”后一句说，另一方面，宣传也不能脱离营销部门，因为它是对正规广告宣传的一种 有益补充。这两句话从两个不同的方面谈对外宣传的运作方式及其意义，意思连贯，on the other hand起了衔接作用，属于连接衔接(conjunction)。4.B B句意思为:“此外，并非所有的宣传都由公司发起，有些宣传来自于媒体的反应，即由于 公司颇有争议甚至十分不明智地采取了或未采取某些行动而引起的媒体的负面反应。”这句 话和前两句都是谈公司的对外宣传，可以自然地构成一个段落,fortherm0re起了衔接作用， 也属于连接衔接。5.D前一句意思为：“我们想强调的一点是公司如果认为有关公众形象的一切伺题或机遇可 以由从事公关的部门（无论是公司内部部门还是子公司)处理好,那是自欺欺人。”这是从反 面说明问题，D说:“有众多因素作用于公众形象。”这是从正面说明问题，一正一反都要说明 公众形象不是专门的公关部门可以独立做好的简单事情，下文是对众多影响因素的进一步 解释。译文：公关公关是指一整套有计划的包括广告宣传在内的公司的对外联络，旨在提高信誉，树立良好形象。宣传时公关的一部分，一般由公司发起，包括新闻发布会和记者招待会两种常见形式。因为公关包含公司与股东、金融分析家、政府官员及其他非消费者群体之间的联络，所以公关部从营销部划分出去，作为一个直接对总部负责的行政部门或独立的咨询公司。这种组织设置会成为一种限制，因为公关部门或公关顾问很有可能与营销部门不相协调一致。这样就可能导致沟通不畅、彼此不合作的后果。尽管公关的基本目的是要积极创造一种良好的公众形象，然而通常情况下公关部门对于树立公众形象的影响不能与其他有关因素的影响相比。公关部进行的宣传页可以是新闻发布形式的。这种形式能为公司带来良好影响。另一方面，宣传页不能脱离营销部，因为宣传是对正规广告宣传的一种有益补充。此外，并非所有的宣传都由公司发起；有些宣传来自于媒体的反应，即由于公司颇有争议甚至十分不明智地采取了或未采取某些行动而引起的媒体的负面反应。我们想强调的一点是公司如果认为有关公众形象的一切问题或机遇都可以由从事公关的部门（无论是公司内部部门还是子公司）处理好，那是自欺欺人。有众多因素作用于公众形象。其中有许多因素与公司经营的方式有关，比如产品的质量、售后服务及顾客意见的处理以及广告的意向。公关和定向宣传有助于突出有新闻价值、能产生有利影响的事件，而且能成功地缓和因不利的宣传带来的不良影响，但是对公众形象的树立具有更加持久影响的却是其他众多因素。第九篇Heat Is KillerExtremely hot weather is common in many parts of the world. Although hot weather just makes most people feel hot, it can cause serious medical problems even death. Floods, storms, volcano eruptions and other natural disasters kill thousands of people every year. (l) .Experts say heat may be natures deadliest killer. Recently, extreme heat was blamed for killing more than one hundred people in India. It is reported that the total heat of a hot day or several days can affect health. ( 2) .Experts say heat waves often become dangerous when the nighttime temperature does not drop much from the highest daytime temperature. This causes great stress on the human body.(3) . Stay out of the sun, if possible. Drink lots of cool water. Wear light colored clothing made of natural materials ； avoid wearing synthetic clothing. Make sure the clothing is loose，permitting freedom of movement1. And learn the danger signs of the medical problems, such as headache and vomiting, that are linked to heat. (4) . The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot. Doctors say those suffering headache or muscle pain should stop all activity and rest in a cool place and drink cool liquids. Do not return to physical activity3 for a few hours because more serious conditions could develop.Doctors say some peoples face an increased danger from heat stress. (5).Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure4，poor blood flow，nervousness or depression.词汇：eruption .爆发，喷发 vomit 呕吐deadly 致命的 muscle肌肉 synthetic 合成的注释：1.Make sure the clothing is loose, permitting freedom of movement.衣月艮定要宽松，以便活 .动自如。make sure意为“确信，保证”，其后面从句的谓语要用一般现在时。一如:Make sure the door is locked before you leave0 permitting freedom of movement 是分词短语，用做目的状语。2.The pain is a warning that the body is becoming too hot.疼痛是一个警告，说明你的身体 过热。that the body is becoming too hot 是同位语从句，与 warning 同位，说明 warning 的 内容3.physical activity ：体力活动4.Hot weather also increases dangers for people who must take medicine for high blood pressure .： 炎热天气对于那些必须服药以控制血压的人，?也增加了危险性。练习： A Such persons have a weak or damaged heart, high blood pressure, or other problems of the blood system.B Several of these conditions are present at the same time.C Most people suffer only muscle pain as a result of heat stress.D Several hot days are considered a heat wave.E So does extreme heat.F Doctors say people can do many things to protect themselves from the dangers of extreme heat.答案与题解：1.E本文&标题是Heat Is Killer,通篇文章说的是heat的危害性及预防方法。“空1”前面的 句子是，Floods，storms, volcano eruptions and other natural events kill thousands of people every year，“空 1”后面的句子是，“heat may be natures deadliest killer。所以这里应将最致命的杀手E提出。2.D “空2”后面的句子说到heat waves,而选项D的句子中也出现heat wave,说明这两个句 子意思上有联系。“空2”的句子是对“heatwave”下定义，为下一句的展开作了铺垫。D是答案。3.F第一段末尾说，白天的热浪，如果到夜晚没有降温，会给身体带来巨大压力，这是很危险 的。第二段就列举了许多保护自己免受高温伤害的方法。“空3”的句子应该是位于段首的 概括句。选项F说人们有多种办法保护自己，完全符合要求，因此是答案。4.C紧跟“空4”后面句子中有特指的the pain,说明前文一定出现过pain这个词。选项C 的句子中有pain，且C的句子填入后，上下文意思连贯，所以是答案。5.A “空5”前面的句子意思为：某些人在热浪期间特别危险。读者或许会问，是哪些人呢? 选项A回答了这个问题，所以是答案。译文：高温杀手世界各地常常会出现高温天气。别以为高温仅仅让人们感觉炎热，实际上它还会引发疾 病甚至死亡。每年数苄万人死于洪水、风暴、火山喷发和其他自然灾害。极热天气也是如此。 专家指出，高温可能是大自然最致命的杀手。近来，印度有一百多人死于高温天气。据报道，一 天或七天里遭受持续高温的袭击将影响健康。持续几天的高温被称为热浪。专家?K，白天的热浪， 如果到夜晚没有降温，:会给身体带来巨大压力，这是很危险的。医生说，人们有很多方法保护自己免受高温的侵害。如果可能的话，尽量避免阳光直射，多 喝凉水。要穿天然材料制作的浅色服装，不穿合成面料服装。衣服一定要宽松，以便活动自如。 了解高温引发疾病的危险信号，比如头疼、呕吐。大多数人遭受高温仅会感到肌肉疼痛。疼痛是 一个警告，说明你的身体过热。医生提出，一旦感觉头疼和肌肉疼痛就应该停止一切活动，在阴 凉地方休息，喝清凉饮料。几小时内都不要进行体力活动，否则还会导致更严重的状况。医生还指出，一些特殊群体在热浪期间特别危险。他们心脏衰弱、有高血压或其他心血管病。 炎热天气对于那些必须服药以控制血压、血流不畅、精神紧张、抑郁的人也是特别危险的。第十篇 Ants as a Barometer of Ecological ChangeAt picnics, ants are pests. But they have their uses. In industries1 such as mining, farming and forestry, they can help gauge the health of the environment by just crawling around and being antsy.It has been recognized for decades2 that ants一which are highly sensitive to ecological change一can provide a near-perfect barometer of the state of an ecosystem. Only certain species, for instance, will continue to thrive at a forest site that has been cleared of trees._(1)_ And still others will move in and take up residence.By looking at which species populate a deforested area, scientists can determine how stressed the land is._(2)_Ants are used simply because they are so commonand comprise so many species.Where mine sites are being restored, for example, some ant species will recolonize the stripped land quickly than others._(3)_Australian mining company Capricorn Coal Management has been successfully using ant surveys for years to determine the rate of recovery of land that it is replanting near its German Creek mine in Queensland.Ant surveys also have been used with mine-site recovery projects in Africa and Brazil, where warm climates encourage dense and diverse ant populations. We found it worked extremely well there. says Jonathan Majer, a professor of environmental biology. Yet the surveys are perfectly suit