高考英语单项选择解题技巧指导[课件].ppt

单项填空题 高考题型专题复习 命题特征 命题手段 解题技巧 命题要点 专题练习 单项填空的命题特征 知识覆盖面广语境地位突出交际性原则明确试题题干新颖迷惑性较大灵活性较高 单项填空的命题要点 连词 代词形容词 副词介词搭配惯用短语短语动词情态动词动词语态句子结构动词时态非谓语动词 1设置干扰2思维定势3汉英差异4形近义近词5创设语境 命题常用手段 一 设置干扰命题者有意把句子结构复杂化 题干以倒装句 被动句 疑问句 省略句 或在句中加入插入语 使用强调句 从句 标点符号等形式 避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构 来增加试题难度 1 Toallofyou thehonorforthesuccess 倒装句 A belongstoB belongtoC belongsD belong 2 Timeshouldbemadegooduseof ourlessonswell 被动句 A learningB learnedC tolearnD learns C C 分析 倒装句 还原后为 Thehonorforthesuccess allofyou 分析 将题干改写为主动句 则为Weshouldmakegooduseoftime ourlessonwell 3 Whatmadehermothersoangry theexam 省略 A BecauseshedidnotpassB HernotpassingC ShedidnotpassD Becausehernotpassing B 4 Isthismuseum youvisited 疑问句 A thatB whatC whichD B 分析 将题干改写为 theexammadehermothersoangry 分析 将题干改写为 Thismuseumis youvisited 将不熟悉的省略句 疑问句 倒装句 被动句 等还原为熟悉的陈述句 也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除 解题技巧 一 还原法 5 Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay ofcourse madetheothersunhappy 插入语 A whoB whichC thisD what B 分析 Dorothywasalwaysspeakinghighlyofherroleintheplay ofcourse madetheothersunhappy A whoB whichC thisD what 6 Thepersonwespoketo noansweratfirst 定从 A makeB makingC makesD made D 分析 Theperson wespoketo noansweratfirst 7 Theofficergaveordersthatanyone agunshouldbereportedtothepolicestation AsawtakeB seentakingC seeingtakeD seentaken B 对于含有插入语或从句的复杂句子 如果不考查此部分 首先应分析语境及句子结构 找出并在省略插入语或去掉与选项不相关从句或短语的情况下 重新分析句子结构 复杂的句子结构就简单了 如果考察此部分 也缩小了语境 解题技巧 二 省略法 8 Theyoungmothersawherbabyfalltotheground broughtherhearttohermouth 标点符号 A thisB whichC andthatD that D 对于复杂长句子 先划分主 从句 理清主句结构 确定试题考察哪部分 特别要注意标点符号的作用 解题技巧 三 结构法 二 思维定势利用思维定势的影响来设题 这是最容易让我们上当的题 因为我们背记了许多语法规则 词汇 词的固定搭配和句子结构等 做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则 结构和局部固定搭配 往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思时就作出了选择 结果当然出错 9 I msorryIcan thelp theflooroftheclassroom A sweepingB sweptC tosweepD tosweeping C 10 MadameCurie for lifehadoncebeenveryhard wassuccessfullater A whomB whichC whoseD that A 11 Doyouhaveanyideaofthereason hereferredto A thatB whereC whyD when A 正确理解句意 避免定势思维 在学习过程中 尤其是复习阶段 我们应就一些常见的 重要的词 词组及句型加以反复训练 以加深印象 以避免思维定势的干扰 解题技巧 三 汉英差异英汉在表达习惯 思维方式等方面具有很多不同 命题者常利用汉英差异出题 如汉语的 参加 在许多情况下都适用 如参加会议 参加考试 参加解放军等 而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不同的动词 如 takepartinthecelebration attendameeting jointhearmy takeanexam joininadiscussion例如 12 It sgettinglate I mafraidImustbegoingnow OK 2004全国卷 TakeiteasyB GoslowlyC StaylongerD Seeyou D B 13 ThepopulationofChinais thanthatofRussia A muchmoreB muchlargerC manymoreD manylarger 14 I llcometoseeyouif A you reconvenientB itisconvenientforyouC youfeelconvenientD itisconvenientwithyou B 留心英汉表达差异 平时要多读 多比较 多归纳 尽量避免Chinglish 解题技巧 四 形近义近词把相似 相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项 若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分 例如 15 DoyouthinktheStarswillbeattheBulls Yes Theyhavebetterplayers soI themtowin A hopeB preferC expectD want C 16 I dliketobuyahouse modern comfortable and inaquietneighborhood 2004福建 A inallB aboveallC afterallD atall B 1 明确词意所选答案要符合句子意思 2 归纳比较平时要特别重视收集归纳比较同义词 近义词和相似词的异同 牢记它们的用法 解题技巧 五 创设语境命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来 而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中 稍不注意就会错选 例如 17 Willyoupleaserepeatyouridea Certainly ButIthinkitcertainyou yourattention A don tpayB didn tpayC weren tpayingD aren tpaying C 18 Whichofthoseelectronicdictionariesdoyoulikemost Theyarebothexpensiveandoflittleuse A NoneB BothC NeitherD All A 1 身临其境 揣摩意图特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中 同时注意揣摩命题者的意图2 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 把握上下文的时间隐含 语义信息等线索 还要注意文化差异 解题技巧 自我检测 2 TheletterIhavebeenlookingforwardto atlast A comeBcomingC hascomeD came D 3 Remindhim thewindowwhenheleaves A ofclosingB closingC tocloseD close C 1 LittleJimisgoingtospendhisholidayinParis liveshisuncle A whichB who C whereD that C 4 Whomwouldyourather withyou JimorJack A havegoB havetogoC havegoneD hastogo A 5 Hissisterlefthomein1998 and since A hadnotbeenheardofB hasnotbeenheardofC hadnotheardofD hasnotheardof B 6 Bruce Ireallyappreciateyourhandwriting 09福建 A IpracticeeverydayB ThankyouverymuchC No Idon tthinksoD Well it snotgoodenough B 7 Ithink thoughIcouldbemistaken helikedme A whoB whichC thatD what C 9 Itispartly thesummerdayislongerthateverythinghasalargertimetowarmup A forB thatC thereasonD because D 8 Wekeepintouch writingoften A withB ofC onD by D 11 WhenItalkedwithmygrandmaonthephone shesoundedweak butbythetimewe up hervoicehadbeenfulloflife 09北京 A werehangingB hadhungC hungD wouldhang C 10 Ifanorthernerlivesinsouth hewillprobablyfeelthat A hedoesn tagreetotheclimatethere B theclimatedoesn tagreewithhim C hecan tagreewiththeclimatethereD theclimatedoesn tagreetohim B 13 Thefacthasworriedmanyscientists theearthisbecomingwarmerandwarmertheseyears 09江西 A whatB whichC thatD though C 12 Ihopeyouenjoyedthefilmlastnight HowonearthdoyouknowIwenttoafilm I you A won ttellB didn ttellC haven ttoldD hadn ttold B 14 Itriedphoningheroffice butIcouldn t A getalongB getonC gettoD getthrough D 15 Isthereanypossiblity youcouldpickmeupattheairport Noproblem A whenB thatC whetherD what B 16 Thelittlegirlwhogotlostdecidedtoremain shewasandwaitformother A whereB whatC howD who 17 Mum isthepairofgloves mine Yes Youhavetowearanotherpair A washingB havewashedC havingwashedD beingwashed A D 18 I mtryingtobreakthe ofgettinguptoolate A traditionB convenienceC habitD leisure C 19 Thefactoryproducedmanyfamouscars noneof shippedtoforeigncountries A themB whichC itD what A 20 ThehouseIgrowup hasbeentakendownandreplacedbyanofficebuilding A initB inC inthatD inwhich B 21 Sometimesweareasked thelikelyresultofanactionwilbe A thatwethinkBwhatdowethinkC whatwethinkD thatwhatwethink C 22 Iwouldliketobuyanexpensivecamera Well wehaveseveralmodels A TochoosefromBtochooseCtobechosenDforchoice D 24 TheUs UKwaragainstIraqandthesuffering causedhavebecomeabigconcernallovertheworld A whatB whichC itD C 23 acertaindoubtamongthepeopleastothepracticalvalueoftheproject 09安徽 A IthasB TheyhaveC ItremainsD Thereremains D 25 He tothemeeting Haveyouinformedhimofit Sorry I to A hasn tcome amgoingB didn tcome haveforgottenC hasn tcome forgotD doesn tcome willhave C 26 Iwonderhowmuchyouchargeforyourservices Thefirsttwoarefree thethirdcosts 30 A whileB untilC whenD before A 27 ButforthehelpofmyEnglishteacher I thefirstprizeintheEnglishWritingCompetition 09福建 A wouldnotwinB wouldnothavewonC wouldwinD wouldhavewon B 28 Whilewatchingtelevision A thedoorbellrangB thedoorbellringsC weheardthedoorbellringD weheardthedoorbellrings C 29 Theyweren taparticularlygoodteam buttheyrefusedtogiveinand defeat A acceptB accepted C acceptingD tohaveaccepted A 30 Hemadeuphismindtodevotehislife pollution happily A toprevent toliveB toprevent fromlivingC topreventing toliveD topreventing living C 31 It sthirtyyearssincewelastmet ButIstillrememberthestory believeitornot wegotlostonarainynight 四川 A whi