句子的五种基本句型结构.ppt

五种句子类型 SVVtVilvOP Subject主语Verb谓语动词Transitiveverb及物动词Intransitiveverb不及物动词Linkingverb连系动词Object宾语Predicative表语 Guessingthebirds Birdwatching 1 Agoldeneagleisflying Birdwatching 2 Acraneeatsfish Birdwatching 3 ASwanhasalongthinneck Birdwatching 4 Aswallowhasaforkedtail 2 Acraneeatsfish 3 ASwanhasalongthinneck 4 Aswallowhasaforkedtail 1 Agoldeneagleisflying Subject 主语 S动作发出者 Verb 谓语 V动作本身 DirectObject 宾语 DO动作接受者 1 S V主语 谓语主谓结构 2 S V O主语 谓语 宾语主谓宾结构 Vi不及物动词 后面没有宾语 Vt及物动词 后面必须有宾语 SV和SVO的注意点 1 Theyarerunning 2 Jimcandraw 3 Thebabypandasdrinkmilk 4 WewillreadEnglish rundrawvi 不及物动词 drinkreadvt 及物动词 注意 1 谓语 V 具有各种不同时态 进行时 情态动词 现在时 以及将来时2 在句中先找主语subject再找谓语部分如是不及物动词 其后不能直接加宾语如是及物动词 其后必须有宾语 其后有没有宾语是S V和S V O判断标志3 如果对宾语提问使用疑问词what Whatdobabypandasdrink Whatwillweread 1 S V 1 S V O 动词 todo learn prepare wouldlike need have try want hope plan agree choose decide这就是我们常见的动词 todo句型动词 doingsth mind finish practise这就是我们常见的动词 doing句型动词 宾语从句 think believe besure beafraid say know find Thegovernmentwantstoprotecttheendangeredbirds S V O Iwillfinishdoinghomeworksoon S V O Ithinkthatyoucandothejob S V O Ilikethegoldeneagle Ithasahookedbeak Itlooksstrong Itislovely linkingverbs 系动词 V 1 S V lv P主语 谓语 系动词 表语主系表结构 三类系动词 表语三成分 1Themanisinthepark 2Helookskind 3Heisakindman 4Thesingingofbirdssoundsbeautiful 5Theworldwillbecomebetter lv lv lv lv lv P 介词短语 P adj P adj P n名词短语 P adj形容词比较级 表语P成分可以出现形容词 名词 介词短语 形名介 常见的连系动词1 表示感觉的动词5个 必须翻译为 起来feel感到excited smellgood tastedelicious soundinteresting lookhappy2 表示变化的动词6个 有固定的搭配getsmaller growolder becomestronger turnyellow gobad cometrue3 表示状态保持的动词 stayhealthy keepwarm remain保持be am is are was were 是 seem似乎 必须是这三类专门的词 而且必须表达这个特殊的含义时才是系动词 易考的混淆点一Thefoodtastes delicious S V lv PIwilltastethefood good S V Vt OHisfatherlooked angry S V lv PHisfatherlooked angry athim S V Vi 介词 O delicious well angry angrily 1三类专门词 而且表达这种特殊含义才是系动词 有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性 易考的混淆点一1Helooks becausehissonislooking atthebird Ahappy happilyBhappily happilyChappily happyDhappily happy hecanstayinHongkongfortwodays However afterheheardgoodnews hestayedvery ALuckily calmBLucky calmCLucky calmlyDLuckily calmly A 1三类专门词 而表达特殊的含义才是系动词 有的词具备多种含义所以具备多种词性 A 易考的混淆点二1Thefoodtastes AgoodBwell2Weshouldstay duringtheearthquake AcalmBcalmly3Theyoungboybecomes AmoreandmoresurprisedadjBmoreandmoresurprisedlyadvCmoreandmoresurprisen good calm A 2只有形容词名词介词短语才能去做系动词后面的表语 要根据含义上确定动词是不是系动词 Sheoftenlaughs 2 Sheislaughingnow 3 Shewilllaughsoon 4 Sheissinginghappily Sheissingingasong Sheisasinger Sheishappy S V O S V S V S V S V 区分进行时态和SVP中lv是Be动词的情况 注意 1现在进行时的谓语与主系表结构有区别 关键要看be动词后接的是实义动词ing形式还是表语 形名介 S V P Happilyadv修饰动词singvi Asong是名词做宾语singvt asinger名词表语happy形容词表语 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 谓语 V 具有各种不同时态 竞赛加分开始 Judgethefollowingsentences TorF 1 Millieissleeping SV2 Anniskind SV3 Theideasoundsgreat SVP4 AmyisreadingEnglish SVDO T F T Anniskind SVP T Zhalonglooksbeautiful Wecanseemanybirds Somepeoplearewatchingbirds Theyarebirdwatchers Birdwatchingisinteresting S V S DO P S V V P DO S V S V P 分析句型结构 1 Birdsfly 2 Helooksyoung 3 Hesawabirdinthetree 4 Ittastesnice V P DO P eg Aswanisswimming 判断划线部分属于什么成分 V OIODOOC Object宾语Indirectobject间接宾语Directobject直接宾语Objectcomplement宾语补足语 S V DO OC主谓宾补结构和S V IO DO主谓双宾结构 Wecalltheman David azookeeper OC 宾补 ObjectComplement OC Imakehimangry Hetellsustoprotectthebirds David S V DO OC主 谓 宾 宾补句型简称主谓宾补 Wecall theman David 1仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词 S V DO OC主 谓 宾 宾补句型简称主谓宾补 theman is David 此处为名词宾补 可接名词宾补的动词有call make name find Imake him angry 1仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词 主 谓 宾 宾补句型简称主谓宾补 He is 此处为形容词宾补 可接形容词宾补的动词有keep make find Weofenfind him inthezoo 1仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况判断标准是在DO和OC中间可否加be动词 主 谓 宾 宾补句型简称主谓宾补 He is 此处为介短宾补 可接介短宾补的动词有keep leave find Hetells us toprotectthebirds 1仅仅使用主谓宾无法说明完整句意必须添加补足语补充说明宾语情况就是我们常见的动词 sb todo词组 主 谓 宾 宾补句型简称主谓宾补 此处为动词不定式做宾补 Hetellsustoprotectthebirds 常见的可接不定式宾补的动词有 tell ask want wouldlike wish teach invite V O OC Vsbtodosth Mydeskmateoftenmakesmelaugh 常见的可接动词原形宾补的动词有 have let make 使让词see hear find feel watch 感觉类动词V O OC Vsbdosth Hekeepsmeworrying 常见的可接doing宾补的动词有 Keep和see hear feel watch find 感觉类动词V O OC Vsbdoingsth IoftenhearDavid whenIstayathome butyesterdayIwasveryangrybecauseIheardhim inhisroomatmidnight Asing sangBsinging singingCsing singingDsing sing2Youcankeep everydaytokeep AexercisehealthyBexercisinghealthyCexercisinghealthilyDexercisehealthy C 感官类动词用动词原形和动词ing形式做宾补含义不同 B S V O OC 如果是形名介做宾补 判断标准是能否在O和OC之间加Be动词构成主系表结构宾补和表语一样都是形名介S V O OC 如果是动词结构做宾补 判断标准是能否找出动词 V sb O todosth结构动词 V sb O dosth结构动词 V sb O doingsth结构 1Ifindyouclever 2Wewillmakeourcountrystrongerandstronger 3Theycankeepthezooclean 4Parentswishtheirchildrentostudyhard 5Weoftenmaketheteachershelpus DO DO DO DO DO OC adj OC形容词比较级 OCadj OCtodo不定式 OC动词原形 常考的主谓宾补句型 itwasinteresingtolearnEnglish 一个非常特殊的句型IfounditinteresingtolearnEnglish 这个句子在含义上等于 IfounditwasinteresingtolearnEnglish 形式主语简称形主 真正主语简称真主 考点一 时态一致性 Ifound importanttogetreadyforthecomingexamination AitsBit sCitwasDthat C Ifoundthatitwasimportanttoget Ifound that itwasimportanttoget 以上两句是主谓宾从SVO中O宾语从句 Ifounditimportanttoget 上句是主谓宾补答案可以是ititwasit s itis不对 考点一 时态一致性 Hewasveryinteresting Wefoundhimveryinteresting 这个句子在含义上等于 Wefoundhewasveryinteresting 考点二 主格宾格 Wethought clever AsheBsheisCherDherwas C Wethought that shewasclever 上句是主谓宾从she用主格Wethoughtherclever 上句是主谓宾补her用宾格答案可以是shewas而非herwas也可是her而非she 考点一 时态一致性 weshouldn tgiveanyfood thebirds S V DO 直接宾语 Directobject IO 间接宾语 IndirectObject Hetellsmesomerules S V IO DO主 谓 间宾 直宾句型简称主谓双宾结构 Zhalonggives Ipass Hebought birds anidealhome him abook hisson apresent to to for IO 有生命的名词 人或动物 sbDO 没有生命的名词 事物 sth双宾语结构中有两个宾语 判断标准是可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to for S V IO DO主语 谓语 双宾 直接宾语 间接宾语 1givememoney2passmeaball3showmeyourwatch4sellmethebook5sendhimaletter6teachherEnglish7tellmeastory8lendmeyoureraser 1buymeapresent2makemedamplings3cookhermeals 1givemoneytome2passaballtome3showyourwatchtome4sellthebooktome5sendalettertohim6teachEnglishtoher7tellastorytome8lendyourerasertome to型双宾语结构 for型双宾语结构 1buyapresentforme2makedamplingsforme3cookmealsforher 几个特殊句型Readabookforme为我读一本书Readabooktome读一本书给我听Bringamapforme为我去带一幅地图Bringamaptome带来一幅地图给我 S V IO DOorS V DO OC Theypassedussomeapples Theshopkeepersoldmearuler WenamethepandaXiwang Theteacheroftenmakesuslaugh S V IO DO S V IO DO S V DO OC S V DO OC passed sold name makes 主谓双宾语结构判断标准是可否将两个宾语顺序替换并加介词to for 主谓宾补结构判断标准是能否在O和OC之间加Be动词构成主系表结构或则找出Verb sbtodo等动词宾补结构 Linkingverb 逻辑上的主系表关系 forto 1 S V 2 S V P 3 S V O 4 S V IO DO 5 S V O OC 主 谓 主 谓 宾 主 系 表 主 谓 宾 宾补 主 谓 双宾 特别注意的要点 1谓语动词V成分 是包含时态和情态动词的2及物动词和不及物动词的标志是后面可否接宾语3S V P结构中的V是l v系动词有保持型 变化型和感觉型三种4S V P结构中的表语有名词 形容词 介词短语5双宾语结构中有两个宾语 标准是可否转换为to型和for型句型结构6主谓宾补结构判断标准是在O和OC中间可否加be动词转换为主系表结构OC和P相似有形名介三种 1PeoplecallZhalongBird sHome 2Thegovernmentbuiltthenaturereserve 3Thesparrowisflying 4Thereservegiveswildlifeanidealhome 5Thecranelooksbeautiful 6Thestudentsarecountingthebirds 7Sandythoughtherselfagoodbirdwatcher 8Ifoundthearticleonwildlifeinteresting S V DO OCS V DOS VS V IO DOS V PS V DOS V DO OCS V DO OC P81A 竞赛加分开始 3Manyboysarerunning 1Ifeelexcited 4HegaveTomapresent 5Ifinditinteresting 6Musicsoundsbeautiful 7Iamastudent 8Sheboughtapenforme 9Isawherdance 2TheyarewatchingTV 1S V P 2S V DO 3S V 4S V IO DO 5S V P 6S V P 7S V P 8S V IO DO 9S V DO OC 10 IcallhimLiMing 10S V DO OC Hegavemeabook HecallsmeTom 5 WecallthepandaXiWang 3 Ifounditimportant 1 Lilybringsmeapresent 2 PeoplecallZhalongBirds Home 4 Zhalongbringsthewildlifeanidealhome 6 Shethoughttheswanbeautiful Playagame eg 5 MarygaveSandyabook SVP6 TheycallmeTom SVIODO F F MarygaveSandyabook SVIODO TheycallmeTom SVDOoc Itwasafineday OurclasswenttoZhalongtogether Zhalongwasanaturereserve Wesawmanybirdsflyinthesky Theylookedbeautiful Butthekeepertoldussomerules Heaskedustoprotectthewildlifeandweshouldn tgiveanyfoodtobirds Ifoundthetripinteresting Afterbirdwatching Adiary Adiary Itwasafineday OurclasswenttoZhalongtogether Zhalongwasanaturereserve Wesawmanybirdsflyinthesky Theylookedbeautiful Butthekeepertoldussomerules Heaskedustoprotectthewildlifeandweshouldn tgiveanyfoodtobirds Ifoundthetripinteresting Afterbirdwatching Thankyou 1Tom的父亲正在愤怒地朝他喊叫 是什么使得他如此生气呢 2Tom过去认为我当时不高兴 3我发现他们是真正的爱鸟者 我经常看见他们喂他们的鸟 4他是一个歌手而且他正在唱一首歌 5我经常听见David在家里唱歌 但是昨天我听见他在半夜唱歌 6你可以持续锻炼来保持健康 1Tom sfatherisshoutingathimangrily Whatmakeshimsoangry 3Ifindthemrealbirdlovers Ifind that theyarereal Weoftenseethemfeedtheirpetbirds 2Tomthought that Iwasunhappythen Tomthoughtmeunhappythen 4Heisasingerandheissingingasongnow 5IoftenhearDavidsingathome butyesterdayIheardhimsingingmidnight 6Youcankeepexercisingtokeephealthy Thebirdwatcherthoughthimselfverylucky Thenaturereservegivesthebirdsaperfectplacetolive Thepeoplewerehapy Birdsfly Theboysavedararebird S V DO OC S V IO DO S V P S V S V DO课本P81 6 Shespokeverysoftly 7 HeboughtaT shirt 8 JaynamedhisdogBobby 9 Shelookslovely 10 HegaveMaryapresent S V IO DO S V S V DO S V DO OC S V P I Givetherightsentencestructures II FinishtheexerciseofPartAonPage81 Shelaughed 2 HeboughtaT shirt 3 Wemustkeep