职称英语考试心得.doc

一、职称英语考试技巧：阅读判断解题步骤 对于考生来说，职称英语考试的时间非常紧张，阅读判断题型不适合先阅读文章后做题，而应当先阅读题目后看文章，这样便于节省时间。方法/步骤1准确确定题目中的关键词，然后寻找关键词在文章中所在的句子以及段落。关键词是在文章中出现频率较低但却醒目的词。抓住文章中的关键词有利于及时确定答案。能做关键词的有：名词或名词性短语；形容词（副）词或形容词（副）词性短语；专有名词；数字或年代。但关键词还有例外：文章标题中的单词一般不宜作为关键词；在文章中出现频率较高的词一般不宜作为关键词；动词一般不宜作为关键词，因为动词会有不规则变化，这样考生查找起来不方便。另外，关键词有一个优先原则，即短语优于单词作为关键词；形容词（副）词的比较级、最高级优于原级作为关键词。 将题目中的关键词与每段话的第一句相对照。有些题目能先定位到原文中的一个段落，这必将节省解题时间，并提高准确率。但并不是每个题目都能先定位到原文中的一个段落。 2从头到尾快速阅读该段落，根据题目中的其他关键词，在原文中找出与题目相关的一句话或几句话。确定一个段落，答案在该段落中的具体位置是未知的。所以，需要从头到尾快速阅读该段落，找出该段落中与题目相关的一句话或几句话，通常是一句话。 3仔细阅读这一句话或几句话，根据第二大步中的原则和规律确定正确答案。 4注意顺序性，即题目的顺序和原文的顺序基本一致。题目是有顺序性的。第一题的答案应在文章的前部，第二题的答案应在第一题的答案之后。总的来说，靠前边的题在靠前边的段落寻找答案，反之亦然。5Right第一种情况：题目是原文的同义改写。 通常用同义词或同义结构。 第二种情况：题目是根据原文中的几句话推断或归纳而成。 这种情况有一定的难度，需要根据原文中的几句话做出推断或归纳。不推断不行，但有时会走入另一极端，即自行推理或过度推理。 6Wrong第一种情况：题目与原文直接相反。 通常用反义词，not加同义词及反义结构。 第二种情况：原文是多个条件并列，题目是其中一个条件（出现must或only）。 原文是两个或多个情形（通常是两种情形）都可以，常有bothand，and，or及also等词。题目是“必须”或“只有”其中的一个情况，常有must及only等词。 第三种情况：原文为人们对于某样事物的理论或感觉，题目则强调是客观事实或已被证明。 原文强调是一种“理论”或“感觉”，常有feel，consider及theory等词。题目强调是一种“事实”，常有fact及prove等词。 第四种情况：原文和题目中使用了表示不同范围、频率、可能性的词。原文中常用many（很多），sometimes（有时）及unlikely（不太可能）等词。题目中常用all（全部），usually（通常），always（总是）及impossible（完全不可能）等词。7Not Mentioned第一种情况：题目中的某些内容在原文中没有提及。 题目中的某些内容在原文中找不到依据。 第二种情况：题目中涉及的范围小于原文涉及的范围，也就是具体。原文涉及一个较小范围的范畴，而题目是一个具体的概念。也就是说，题目中涉及的范围比原文小。 第三种情况：原文是某人的目标、目的、想法、愿望、保证、发誓等，题目是事实。 原文中常用aim（目的），purpose（目的），promise（保证），swear（发誓）及vow（发誓）等词。题目中用实义动词。 第四种情况：题目中有比较级，原文中没有比较。END注意事项 谨遵原文内容，不能凭借自己的知识。原文是判断答案的唯一根据，所以，无论你对文章的内容或背景多么熟悉，或者你的知识是多么丰富，都不能凭借自己的知识来确定答案，如果文章中没有说，你只能答Not Mentioned，不能答Wrong。 有些题目需要根据原文做适当的推断才能确定正确答案，但必须是根据原文来做推断，不能做毫无根据的推理。而且一般来讲，即使有推理，也只推一步，不要推得很深。 题目中若出现must，only，all及always等时，答案一般不会是Right。题目中出现这些词很常见，95%的答案都不是Right。题目中出现上述这些词，答案是Wrong还是Not Mentioned，就不一定，需要根据上面讲的规律再做判断，一般答案是Wrong的比例更大一些。 答案选择有一定的规律。（1）三种答案（Wrong，Not Mentioned，Right）都要出现。 （2）可以连续三题答案都一样，如都是Right，但还没有过连续四题答案都一样的。连续三题答案都一样的情况也不多见。 二、职称英语考试技巧：完形填空的五种解题技巧考查点解析 1. 以词汇为主，其中词汇辨义占主要部分。实词考查又是重中之重，动词、名词、形容词、副词的词义辨析是历年完形填空的必考项目，占到全部题数的90%以上。不仅如此，动词的出题频率明显高于其他词类，所以必须熟悉其词义及用法固定搭配等。 2. 逻辑关系也是完形填空必考内容。考查语义衔接和语法衔接。前者需要辨析选项中各个单词的含义，选出符合文章内容的选项。后者则涉及语态时态非谓语形式主谓一致从句引导词等。 3. 语法规则，如句法搭配、从句、非谓语、主谓一致、句型句式等。 方法/步骤 1技巧一：首先快速阅读一遍文章，了解文章的大意、结构以及各部分的逻辑关系。如果时间不多或阅读能力比较强的学生，可以边阅读边做题。对不需要上下文、相对独立的考点（如固定词组，主谓搭配，词义考查等）可马上选择正确答案，对需要上下文的考点（如连词，动词时态等）则暂时跳过，等看完整段或全文后再选择。2技巧二：语法题：完型填空中有相当一部分考题是语法题，要求考生熟练掌握和运用语法知识，做出正确选择。语法包括时态、语气、非谓语动词、关系代词和关系副词、分句、主动、被动及惯用法等语法现象。3技巧三：词汇题：完型填空的词语题一种是词义辨析题，另一种是单纯测试词义的题。要做好词汇题，考生应掌握词汇的内涵、外延和语法功能，了解近义词的细微差异。4技巧四：句与句之间的关系：对于这类试题，第一要掌握表示过渡的连接语的用法和含义，如because表示因果关系，but表示转折关系等。第二在没有过渡语的情况下，要结合上下文进行推理和判断，分清句与句之间的逻辑关系。5技巧五：整体理解，宏观上把握了以后，再选择。一般情况下，需要最后回过头定夺的选项不超过3个。这个时候，需要问自己几个问题，如：本文的主题是什么，作者对主旨的态度如何等等。三、职称英语考试概括大意与完成句子答题方法和技巧 概括大意与完成句子是职称英语考试的第三部分，每年的职称英语考试用书都编写了15篇文章。每篇文章大约300450词。针对每篇文章都有两项测试任务：一是概括大意；二是完成句子。每项4分，总共8分。该部分一般不会出考试用书上面的题，因此掌握和运用好答题方法和技巧是非常重要的。方法/步骤 1概括大意的出题思路概括大意的目的是考查应试者从宏观角度来把握文章及对有关段落大意进行概括的能力。在短文的后面先给出指定的四个段落，同时还在右边方框中给出六个段落小题，要求应试者根据文章的内容为其中指定的四个段落各选择一个正确的小标题。2完成句子的出题思路完成句子的目的是考查应试者从微观角度对文章细节的理解能力。在短文后有四个不完整的句子，有的是句首缺，有的是句中缺，有的是句末缺，同时在下面的方框中给出六个不同形式的短语或句子，要求应试者在所提供的六个选项中选择四个正确选项分别完成每个句子。概括大意的答题方法和技巧1.先不要看短文，首先将短文后方框中的六个选项看懂（不会的可以查词典）或翻译出来。2.回到原文，按指定的段落重点看该段的第一句（尤其是主语）或第二句；如果确定不了该段的主要内容，重点看该段的最后一句，以便从六个选项中选出正确的一项。 4完成句子的答题方法和技巧1.各取所需，即重点看每句划线（所缺）部分的前面或后面的内容，根据语法结构、词的搭配和惯用法来确定选项。 2.相通相顺。如果第一步行不通，如AF六项结构相同或有23项结构相同时，那就要求分别看懂58题和AF六项，看哪一项能使句子（翻译过来）相通相顺，合乎逻辑就选哪一项。 3.回归原文。如果前面两步都行不通，那么就以58题每题的信息词为线索回归原文，快速找到位置、读懂，再进行选择。四、窗体顶端职称英语考试技巧：阅读理解之五步阅读法职称英语考试题型分为词汇选项、阅读判断、概括大意与完成句子、阅读理解、补全短文、完形填空六个部分，其中阅读理解所占分值为45分。阅读理解能否得高分，直接决定了职称英语考试能否顺利通过。这里介绍阅读理解的考试技巧：五步阅读法，希望对大家有所帮助。步骤/方法 1第一步，看选项，划出题干中的的关键词。题干关键词包括：数字、人名地名、专有名词、引号里的词语等。2第二步，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨大意并标出重点。即快速浏览文章。在快速浏览文章的时候，不需要每一个单词和句子都读得懂，没有时间也没有这个必要。在第二步的过程中，考生们所要做的就是首先弄清楚这篇文章的中心思想；其次，用笔在试卷上面标记出考试要考的重点。那么如何把握文章的主旨大意，如何标记文章的重点呢？ 解答如下： 1.把握文章的主旨大意。 要解决这个问题，需要分两步走：第一步，仔细阅读文章的首末段的首末句，因为英语文章段落70%都是一上来交待作者的写作目的或意图。第二步，要仔细阅读其他各段落的首句。然后把这两步综合起来，英语文章的主旨大意就可以把握住。 2.如何标注文章的重点。 英语文章的重点主要有以下几点： （1）强转折：通常由but, yet, however引导。因为转折的作用一般来说是对前面的否定，对后面的肯定，因此转折词后面引导的成分往往是出题人容易出题的地方。特别是在文章中出现but。 （2）比较处：通常形式为more/lessthan。比较的作用在于通过比较突出某一点。比如more A than B的结构中，很显然是强调A，那么考生直接在A处画线，重点关注A就可以了。以此类推，less A than B，很显然是强调B，那么就直接在B处画线。它们是出题人喜欢出题的地方。 3.主旨句、主题句。主旨句和主题句是高度概括性的句子，直接反映出作者的写作目的和意图，因此也是出题人的出题点。 3第三步，定位原文，解剖句子。 定位原文，解剖句子就是在读完一遍文章的基础上，再看一遍问题。带着题干中的关键词迅速回原文定位，即找出这个问题出现在原文的第几段第几行。需要注意的一点，出题的顺序由于是高度一致，所以一定要在文章当中找到出处。许多考生由于找不到出处，只能是凭第一遍的印象去猜答案，很显然做题准确性一定不高。 4第四步，比较选项定答案。 在读懂文章句子的基础上，然后再次回到问题上来。看一下ABCD四个选项哪一个与原文中的意思是相对应的。 5第五步，主旨态度最后做。 所谓主旨态度最后做就是，如果在五个问题中，第一个问题就问你，文章的中心思想、作者的写作意图或者作者的态度是什么。这是考生可以把这道题先放下。因为考生阅读第一遍文章的时候，只是掌握住文章的大意，对文章还没有形成一个比较全面的了解。因此可以先放过去先做其他四个问题，待做完其他四道题的时候再去做主旨题或是态度题，这样准确率就比较高一些。千万不要小看这一变化，这类题目做对的正确与否有可能直接决定着其他四个选项的正确率。 END注意事项 考生平时阅读一般会采取两种阅读方法。一种是先看文章后看问题；另一种是先看问题，带着问题读文章。那么究竟哪一种方法比较好呢？建议考生先看问题后读文章比较好。原因在于，先看问题，你可以熟悉出题人的出题角度，并且有题干你可以划出题干的关键词。 先看问题后看文章的好处就在于，可以通过问题先把上述核心词在原文中划出，然后在读文章的过程中，一旦读到就会非常注意，这样有助于提高答题的准确性。职称英语 补全短文解题全攻略2011-01-21 18:42来源：职业培训教育网 我要纠错 | 打印 | 收藏 | 大 | 中 | 小职称英语补全短文是职称英语六大题型中最难的一种题型，在做这种题型时要先预测选项，注意抓选项主干，猜测选项的大致意思，同时要注意连词，代词，名词，形容词，副词等的出现。什么叫补全短文？就是给出一篇文章 ，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。从A到F选项中找一个字最多的。第5部分：补全短文（第4650题，每题2分，共l0分）阅读下面的短文，文章中有5处空白，文章后面有6组文字，请根据文章的内容选择5组文字，将其分别放回文章原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。补全短文的注意事项：补全短文的命题原则2.补全短文的解题技巧Home SchoolingAll children in the United States have to receive an education, but the law does not say they have to be educated at school. A number of parents prefer not to send their children to school. （46）. There are about 300,000 home-schoolers in the United States today. Soma parents prefer teaching their children at home because they do not believe that public schools teach the correct religious values; others believe they can provide a better educational experience for their children by teaching them at home. （47）.David Guterson and his wife teach their three children at home. Guterson says that his children learn very differently from children in school. （48）. For example, when there is heavy snowfall on a winter day, it may start a discussion or reading about climate, snow removal equipment, Alaska, polar bears, and winter tourism. Or a spring evening when the family is out watching the stars is a good time to ask questions about satellites and the space program. （49）.Home schooling is often more interesting than regular schools, but critics say that home-schoolers aye outsiders who might be uncomfortable mixing with other people in adult life. （50）. However, most parents dont have the time or the desire to teach their children at home, so schools will continue to be where most children get their formal education.A Interestingly, results show that home-schooled children quite often do better than average on national tests in reading and math.B Critics also say that most parents are not well qualified to teach their children.C Learning starts with the childrens interests and questionsD Children who are educated at home are known as home-schoolersE In some countries, there are children who are educated by their parents at home instead of by teachers at school.F lf the Brazilian rain forests are on the TV news, it could be a perfect time to talk about how rain forests influence the climate, how deserts are formed，and how the polar ice caps affect ocean levels.补全短文解题技巧：一、看标题定文体。从中文的角度思考有记叙文、说明文、议论文。记叙文中离不开六大要素。时间、地点、人物、事件。如果标题中的词在字典中没有，那就是专有名词。国家名词一般都有。机构或人名一般没有。如果没有，首段就会给下一个定义。Ludwig Van BeethovenLudwig van Beethoven, a major composer of the nineteenth century, overcame many personal problems to achieve artistic greatness.Born in Bonn, Germany, in 1770, he first studied music with the court organist, Gilles van der Eeden. His father was excessively strict and given to heavy drinking. _ （1） _. Appointed deputy court organist to Christian Gottlob Neefe at a surprisingly early age in 1782, Beethoven also played the harpsichord and the viola. In 1792 he was sent to Vienna by his patron, Count Ferdinand Waldstein, to study music under Haydn.Beethoven remained unmarried. _ （2） _. Continually plagued by ill health, he developed an ear infection which led to his tragic deafness in 1819._ （3） _. He completed mature masterpieces of great musical depth: three piano sonatas, four string quartets, the Missa Solemnis, and the 9th Symphony. He died in 1827. _ （4） _.Noting that Beethoven often flew into fits of rage, Goethe once said of him, “I am astonished by his talent, but he is unfortunately an altogether untamed personality.”_ （5） _.A. In spite of this handicap, however, he continued to write music.B. Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic support from his patrons, he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life.C. His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence.D. When his mother died, Beethoven, then a young man, was named guardian of his two younger brothers.E. Although Beethovens personality may have been untamed, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best.F. Today his music is still being played all over the world.一般而言第一长或第二长的往往都是答案。说明文怎么办?说明文必须有说明的中心或说明的主题。所叙述的东西都必须围绕主题阐述。二、看选项A到F2.抓主干，猜大意。弄清它是啥东西。如：for example,就要看它是不是例证。是不是举例。举例句的前一句肯定是中心主题句 .举例后面的东西肯定会跟前面的有关系，有着联系。如果出现because那就是所原因，是因果关系。如果出现but或however就是转折。前后正好相反。如果出现is就是判断句。判断句就是给这个词下定义。2、不要放过特征词。 比如:数字。选项中如果有数字了，那么可能空格周围就会有数字出现。年代只有在记叙文当中才有用。专有名词就是找复现。整篇文章和选项中多次出现的专有名词没用。如果是别的专有名词中没有的专有名词，那就要在文章空格的左右找复现。如果有就填进去。只要是代词就必须有指代。重点将两个词：I,We.如果文章不是以第一人称的进行写作的，选项中如果初现I和We时，它只能放在，只能出现在引号句中。如果整篇文章都是I和We就没有作用了。名词和名词短语，时态语态 如果文章全是用过去时写作的，突然选项中出现现在时了，那有一种情况就是文章该结尾了。还有一种情况可能是放在引号句中。Ludwig Van BeethovenA. In spite of this handicap, however, he continued to write music.B. Because of irregular payments from his publishers and erratic supportfrom his patrons, he was troubled by financial worries throughout his adult life.C. His life was marked by a passionate dedication to independence.D. When his mother died, Beethoven, then a young man, was named guardian of his two younger brothers.E. Although Beethovens personality may have been untamed, his music shows great discipline and control, and this is how we remember him best.F. Today his music is still being played all over the world.补全短文要求大家只用五分钟做完。那就首先挑一最长的。 剩下的就去找数字、I,We 、专有名词复现 等等。3、小词帮你出大力，时态帮你理顺序。 标点解决大问题。小词：also 如果出现同结构的复现就好做了。比如：He said,he also said . He thinks about,he also thinks aboutsomeothers 是句型的一种复现。，either 表示也不 .如：He is not a teacher, Im not a teacher ,either.still标点 引号句:选项中如果有引号句出现，空格周围可能会有引号句出现。Reinventing the TableAn earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table to make chemistry simpler to teach to students._（46）_ But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the elements themselves.“I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students,” he says, criss-crossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. _（47）_ But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.“Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements,” says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge _（48）_（49）_ He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots onefor sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea slat, for instance.He has also included symbols to show which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. _（50）_A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in 1871.B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.C “I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.”D Raisback has listed some elements more than once.E And the size of elements symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earths crust.F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.出现引号句要一段落为主。哪一段出现引号句，就都出来。问号句：如果是一般疑问句1）.可以去找排比句。2）.找回答语。特殊疑问句如果使用What来问，它的回答语一般是名词或名词短语。一般很少是代词。如果是Why，回答语一般是原因。表原因的词有：because,because of或者是due to,owing to特殊疑问句抓问句的主语和答语的主语。回答语的主语一般都是指代。三、回头再去看原文明确1到5的空格位置开头常是主题句（首段首句）。直接掉头看标题。Exercise Three The Changes of Womens Lives_1_. During the twentieth century there has been fl remarkable shortening of the proportion of a womans life spent in caring for children. A woman married at the end of the nine teenth century would probably have been in her middle twenties, and would be likely to have seven or eight children, of whom four or five lived till they were five years old. By the time the youngest was fifteen, the mother would have been in her early fifties and would expect to live a further twenty years, during which custom, opportunity and health made it unusual for her to get paid work. _2_. Usually a womans younger child will be fifteen when she is forty-five and can be expected to live another thirty-five years and is likely to take paid work until retire ment at sixty. _3_._4_. Even a few years ago most girls left school at the first opportunity, and most of them took a full-time job. However, when they married, they usually left work at once and never returned to it. Today the school-leaving age is sixteen, many girls stay at school after that age, and though women tend to marry younger, more married women stay at work at least until shortly before their first child is born. _5_ .Such changes have led to a new relationship in marriage, with the husband accepting a greater share of the duties and satisfactions of family life, and with both husband and wife sharing more equally in providing the money, and running the home, according to the abilities and interests of each of them.A Today, women marry younger and have fewer children.B Even while she has the care of children, her work is lightened by household appliances and convenience foods.C Very many afterwards return to full or part-time work.D The greatest recent social changes have been in the lives of women.E For women at the beginning of the twentieth century, the amount of time spent taking care of children accounted for a great part of their lives.F This important change in womens life-pattern has only recently begun to have its full effect on womens economic position.其他段落首句先看空格下一句。没有复现再看上段段尾句。找复现就是选项中的词跟空格左右的句子、单词谁复现得多就选谁.就是看空格左右的词跟选项中的词有没有一样的。有一样的就选一样的。2.中间不忘主题句。前瞻后望找启事。这种方法适合说明文。3.末尾常是下结论，也可排比和举例（例子）。末尾句一般都是结论句。比如：therefore,as a result 等等。四、注意事项绝对常是干扰项，意思太泛、太窄要小心。2.选项与空格周围重复的字越多，可能越是答案。就是看选项中的单词与空格中单词的复现率。如果在段中，一般先看空格的左边。然后再看空格右边，找复现。如果是段尾句，则先看空格左边。如果空格没有再去本段的中心主题。如果在段首，先看右，再看上一段段尾。五个空格实际上就看十句话左右。3.选项中的主语可能会是空格前句话的宾语的再现。或者说选项中的宾语或表语可能会是空格下句话的主语的再现（复现）。4.与标题内容相违背的选项不能入选。意思不正确的选项不能入选。Reinventing the TableAn earth scientist has rejigged the periodic table to make chemistry simpler to teach to students.46 But Bruce Railsback from the University of Georgia says he is the first to create a table that breaks with tradition and shows the ions of each element rather than just the ele-ments themselves.I got tired of breaking my arms trying to explain the periodic table to earth students. he says, crisscrossing his hands in the air and pointing to different bits of a traditional table. 47 But he has added contour lines to charge density, helping to explain which ions react with which.Geochemists just want an intuitive sense of whats going on with the elements, says Albert Galy from the University of Cambridge 4849 He explains that sulphur, for example, shows up in three different spots one-for sulphide, which is found in minerals, one for sulphite, and one for sulphate, which is found in sea slat, for instance.He has also included symbols to show which ions are nutrients, and which are common in soil or water. 50A There have been many attempts to redesign the periodic table since Dmitri Mendeleev drew it up in l871.B Railsback has still ordered the elements according to the number of protons they have.C I imagine this would be good for undergraduates.D Railsbaek has listed some elements more than once.E And the size of elements symbol reflects how much of it is found in the Earths crust.F The traditional periodic table was well drawn.5.不要为了得满分而做题就能得高分。做题的步骤：1.先把文章的标题借助字典先查一查，看一看。2.看选项，从选项中找出特殊标志的词。比如数字、专有名词、引号句、问号句、I和We，还有一些特殊标志的词能帮助我们确定答案的位置。比如：and 不能放在段首句。再如for example,for instanse,告诉我们前面的句子是主题，后面的句子必须和它对上。3.开始做题。如果在段首，先看右，再看上一段段尾。如果在段中，一般先看空格的左边。然后再看空格右边，找复现。如果是段尾句，则先看空格左边。如果空格没有再去本段的中心主题。Conservation or Wasted Effort?The black robin（旅鸫） is one of the worlds rarest birds. It is a small wild bird, and it lives only on the island of Little Mangere, off the coast of New Zealand. In 1967 there were about fifty black robins there; in 1977 there were fewer than ten. 46Energetic steps are being taken to preserve the black robin. 47 The idea is to buy an- other island nearby as a special home, a reserve, for threatened wild life, including black robins. The organizers say that Little Mangere should then be restocked （重新准备） with the robins food. Thousands of the required plants are at present being cult