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Supply DemandandGovernmentPolicies tax Contents conceptsdemand supply Equilibrium Elasticity2 Questions3 MethodThree stepanalysis4 Analysis5 Conclusion concepts Demand Quantitydemandedistheamountofagoodthatbuyersarewillingandabletopurchase Lawofdemand Thelawofdemandstatesthatthereisaninverserelationshipbetweenpriceandquantitydemanded Supply Quantitysuppliedistheamountofagoodthatsellersarewillingandabletosell LawofSupply Thelawofsupplystatesthatthereisadirect positive relationshipbetweenpriceandquantitysupplied concepts Equilibrium thepointatwhichthesupplyanddemandcurvesintersectEquilibriumPriceThepricethatbalancessupplyanddemand EquilibriumQuantityThequantitythatbalancessupplyanddemand Elasticity isameasureofhowmuchbuyersandsellersrespondtochangesinmarketconditions allowsustoanalyzesupplyanddemandwithgreaterprecision Questions Whenthegovernmentleviesataxonagood whobearstheburdenofthetax 2 Ifbuyersandsellerssharethetaxburden whatdeterminesandhowtheburdenisdivided method Three stepsanalysis1 Decidewhetherthelawaffectsthesupplycurveordemandcurve2 Decidewhichwaythecurveshift3 Examinehowtheshiftaffectstheequilibrium Analysis Ataxleviedonbuyersofapizza NotaxleviedEquilibrium Analysis A 1 5taxleviedonbuyersofapizza Nowtheeffectivepricetobuyersis 1 5higherthanthemarketpriceInordertoencourageconsumertobuyasmanypizzabefore themarketpricenowbe 1 5lower Ataxonbuyersshiftsthedemandcurvedownwardbythesizeofthetax 1 5 Analysis A 1 5taxleviedonbuyersofapizza Pricesellersreceive PB 9 50 Pricebuyerspay PS 11 00 Thegap 1 50 tax NewequilibriumQ 450 Taxincidencethedistributionofataxburden Inourcase buyersandsellerssharethetaxburden Buyerstake 1 00tax Sellerstake 0 5tax Analysis A 1 5taxleviedonsellersofapizza Thetaxonsellersraisethecostofsellingabout1 5 leadssellerstosupplyasmallerquantityateveryprice Thesupplycurveshifttothelift orupward Analysis A 1 5taxleviedonsellersofapizza NewequilibriumQ 450 Pricebuyerspay PS 11 00 Pricesellersreceive PB 9 50 Thegap 1 50 tax Analysis elasticityandtaxincidece a elasticsupply inelasticdemand Analysis elasticityandtaxincidece b inelasticsupply elasticdemand conclusion 1 Taxesonbuyersandtaxesonsellersareequivalent 2 Inthenewequilibriumbuyesandsellerssharetheoftax theonlydiffetencebetweentaxesonbuyersandtaxonsellersiswhosendsthemoneytothegovernment 450 PB PS tax conclusion 3 Ataxburdenfallsheavilyonthesideofthemarketthatislesselastic Thatmeanswhen
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