荡漾在密西西比河上的“美国梦”----论马克吐温和《哈克贝利费恩历险记》英语论文.doc

本科生毕业论文（设计）册 学院 XXX学院 专业 XXXX 班级 XXXX级XX班 学生 XX 指导教师 XXX XXXX大学本科毕业论文（设计）任务书编 号： 论文（设计）题目：荡漾在密西西比河上的“美国梦”-论马克吐温和哈克贝利费恩历险记 学院： XXX学院 专业： XXXX 班级： XXXX级英语XX班 学生姓名：XX 学号： XXXX 指导教师： XXX 职称：XXX 1、 论文（设计）研究目标及主要任务本论文的研究目标是探讨马克吐温的小说哈克贝利费恩历险记中主人公体现出的作者所理解的“美国梦”精神。其主要任务是从自由主义，冒险主义和反抗精神具体表述这种精神对美国人的影响。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。2、论文（设计）的主要内容 本论文分为三章，第一章从哈克和黑奴吉姆的逃跑和密西西比河的隐含意义三方面论述了文章中的自由主义，第二章从哈克和汤姆索亚的探险分析了冒险主义，最后一章讨论了哈克和吉姆的反抗精神。聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。3、论文（设计）的基础条件及研究路线 本论文的基础条件是不同的文学家、文学批评家以及乔伊斯本人对其作品中人物和当时社会环境分析和解读。 研究路线是对人物的精神状况从渴望自由，冒险和反抗三方面进行详细的探讨和分析。4、主要参考文献Thomson, David. 2000. In Nevada: The Land, The People, God, and Chance. New York: Vintage Books.残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。Jelliffe, Robert A. 1956. Faulkner at Nagano. Tokyo: Kenkyusha, Ltd.酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。Lindborg, Henry J. 2009. “Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。陶德臻，1991，世界文学史，北京：高等教育出版社梁斌，2008，论马克吐温对美国现实的批判，山东大学5、计划进度阶段起止日期1确定初步论文题目3月16日前2与导师见面，确定大致范围，填开题报告和任务书，导师签字3月16日-3月23日3提交论文提纲3月23日-3月30日4交初稿和文献综述3月30日-4月20日5交终稿和评议书5月8日前指 导 教师： 年 月 日教研室主任： 年 月 日注：一式三份，学院（系）、指导教师、学生各一份 XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）开题报告书 XXX 学院 XXXX 专业 XXXX 届謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。学生姓名XX论文（设计）题目荡漾在密西西比河上的“美国梦”-论马克吐温和哈克贝利费恩历险记指导教师XXX专业职称 XXX所属教研室翻译系研究方向英美文学和翻译课题论证：从自由主义，冒险主义和反抗精神角度入手讨论哈克贝利费恩历险记中的主人公形象，以及从中反应的马克吐温自身对于美国梦的认识。方案设计：第一章介绍作品中的自由主义，第二章介绍作品中的冒险主义， 第三章介绍作品中的反抗精神。进度计划：3月16日前确定初步论文题目 3月23日前写开题报告、任务书3月30日前提交论文提纲4月20日前提交初稿和文献综述5月8日前交终稿和评议书指导教师意见： 指导教师签名： 年 月 日教研室意见： 教研室主任签名： 年 月 日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）评议书姓 名XX学院XXX学院专业XXXX年级（班）XXXX级英语X班论 文 题 目荡漾在密西西比河上的“美国梦”-论马克吐温和哈克贝利费恩历险记完成时间XXXX/5/8论文内容摘要美国梦在美国文学中是一个永恒的话题，它通过文学方式反映一定时期的社会特征，表达社会需求，因此文学和美国梦的紧密关系的显而易见的。马克吐温生于1835年11月30号佛罗里达州，在密西西比河的几年生涯为他的哈克贝利费恩历险记提供了丰富的一手素材和背景。哈克贝利费恩历险记写于1884年，但描述的故事发生于美国内战前，因为这段时期最能体现美国社会。在此书中，主人公哈克和吉姆分别代表不同阶级。在曲折而又充满冒险的旅途中，哈克和吉姆建立起了深厚的友谊，这种友谊打破了白人和黑人的隔阂。海明威曾这样评价哈克贝利费恩历险记，“所以美国现代文学都起源于一本书哈克贝利费恩历险记，之前没有，至少迄今为止还没有人能赶超”。由此可见这本书在美国文学中的特殊地位。以前人们把对此书的研究重点放在马克吐温幽默和口语化的写作风格，以及以马克吐温为代表的地方色彩主义。近些年来，越来越多的研究开始转向19世纪美国道德颓废和奴隶制的存在。本论文从三方面分析美国儿童精神追求：自由主义，冒险主义和反抗精神。为研究当时美国人的精神追求提供了素材。 指导教师评语 年 月 日指 导 教 师职称初评成绩答辩小组姓名职称教研室组长成员答辩记录： 记录人签字： 年 月 日答辩小组意见： 组长签字： 年 月 日学院意见： 评定成绩： 签章 年 月 日XXXX大学本科生毕业论文（设计）文献综述Literature ReviewAmerican Dream has always been a main topic in American literature. It completely manifests American social characteristics at that fixed period, and expresses the societys request through literature. Therefore, the close relation between literature and society was fully displayed. As we all know, the Americans are proud of their dream, which has started from Columbus who found this new land. We can see from the earlier American novels and works that the original American Dream is based on the longing for a totally perfect nation where equality, justice and freedom are valued. They cherish the idea that men are born to be equal and they can achieve what they want once they struggle for it. The American Dream plays a significant role in the nations building and attracts millions of individuals coming to this charming land to find their new life. There are sorts of works depicting this theme. In different period, American Dream has different ways of representations. The frontier spirit in Steinbecks the Grapes of Wrath, the chasing of freedom and democracy in Nathaniel Hawthornes the Scarlet Letter and the confusion and disillusion in F. Scott. Fitzgeralds the Great Gatsby all demonstrate the changes of meaning being added to the original one. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written in the year 1884, but it described the story happening before the Civil War. At that time, there existed two different economic systems: capitalism in the North which developed in leaps and bounds and more free labor men were needed and plantation economy in the South where the white plantation owners with large plantations needed more slaves as their own private property but treated slaves rather badly just like animals which could be purchased freely. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn can best depict American society. Although slavery in America was abolished from the eye of law, in reality, racial discrimination was still serious, which could be seen in such situation as black slaves were the lowest in the social status and their lives had no change.Mark Twain is the pen name of Samuel Langhorne Clemens .He was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, of a Virginian family. He was brought up in Hannibal, Missouri. He grew up in an ordinary family. After his fathers death in 1847, he had to leave school. Then he worked as a tramp printer, river pilot, confederate guerrilla, prospector, which all enriched his experience. And four-year life along the Mississippi River provided rich raw material and background information for The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Literary critic HL Mencken once said that Mark Twain was the true father of American national literature ; Ernest Hemingway once commented The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, All modern American literature comes from one book called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which is the best of all books, not previously before, so far not so good. Hemingways comment shows that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has a special literal status in America. At that time, the coming out of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn caused great response and appreciation by many critics and readers at home and abroad. Quelilin said, The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is great. Mark Twain narrated the story in first person, which enables readers to appreciate the significance of the novel directly and deeply. The two heroes Huck and Jim stand for two different classes. In the winding and adventurous journey, Huck and Jim have built up an everlasting friendship that has broken down the barrier between the white and black. The writers wording is full of humor, sarcasm and contempt. This writing traits and rhetorical tactics contribute to reflecting the strong desire of the public to abolish the bondage of slavery and pursue independence and freedom. The poet T.S. Eliot believes that “the novel creates a new writing style in both the United States and the Britain and “it is a new discovery of English”. He also holds that Huck, his image, is eternal. Since more than 100 years after the publish of The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark Twains description of and pursuit for truth, goodness and freedom and his natural and poetic style and highly infectious sense of humor have attracted millions of the different cultures and of different ages readers in the world. The New York Times in 1982 also hailed The Adventures of a Huckleberry Finn as one of the greatest novels in America. Many readers read and appreciated The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn .The novel contributes so greatly to literature that literary researchers analyze the novel from all levels of analysis.The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn does not enjoy the same the same amount of fame with Mark Twains another work the Adventures of Tom Sawyer. So Chinese readers are sensitive to the humor in writing styles instead of the character building and the emotion the writer express. In recent years, more and more researches are done in the analysis of moral decadence and hypocrisy of slavery in the 19th century in the United States. The novel reveals American dark side in the 19th century which makes us think of social problem and paves a new way for racial equality through humor and critique. Lots of concern has been made in the aspect of ordinary peoples demonstration of the American spirit which forms the American Dream. This thesis analyzes the spirit illustrated by the children in three aspects: the liberalism, the adventurism and the rebellious spirit. Chapter One firstly analyzes the escapes of Huckleberry Finn and black slave Jim and digs the symbolic meaning of Mississippi River; Chapter Two deals with the manifestations of adventures of Huckleberry and Tom Sawyer, a main character of Mark Twains another masterpiece the adventures of Tom Sawyer; Chapter Three studies the rebellious spirit of the two children in their friendship and their resistant in the status quo. Although being restricted and constrained by the reality, these young children are still cherishing their dream of freedom as well as equality which are not likely being owned by them in that time and age. 本科生毕业论文设计题目：荡漾在密西西比河河上的“美国梦”论马克吐温和哈克贝利费恩历险记American Dream along Mississippi-Mark Twain and the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。作者姓名： XX 指导教师： XXX 所在学院： XXX学院 专业（系）： XXXX 班级（届）： XXXX届 完成日期 XXXX 年 4 月 20 日 American Dream along Mississippi-Mark Twain and the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。BYXX Prof.XX, TutorA Thesis Submitted to Department of English Language and Literature in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of B.A. in English At XXXXUniversityApril 20th, XXXXAbstractAmerican Dream has always been a main topic in American literature. It completely manifests American social characteristics at that fixed period, and expresses the societys request through literature. Therefore, the close relation between literature and American Dream was fully displayed.鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。Mark Twain was born on November 30, 1835 in Florida, Missouri, of a Virginian family. Several years of life along the Mississippi River provided rich raw material and background information for The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn was written in the year 1884, but it described the story happening before the Civil War, which can best depict American society. In this book, the two heroes Huck and Jim stand for two different classes. In the winding and adventurous journey, Huck and Jim have built up an everlasting friendship that has broken down the barrier between the white and black.籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。Ernest Hemingway once commented The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, All modern American literature comes from one book called The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn which is the best of all books, not previously before, so far not so good. 1Hemingways comment shows that The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn has a special literal status in America. 預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。The former study pays much emphasis on the humorous and colloquial writing styles and the local colorism in which Mark Twain is a representative figure. In recent years, more and more researches are done in the analysis of moral decadence and hypocrisy of slavery in the 19th century in the United States. This thesis analyzes the spirit illustrated by the children in three aspects: the liberalism, the adventurism and the rebellious spirit. Although being restricted and constrained by the reality, these young children are still cherishing their dream of freedom as well as equality which are not likely being owned by them in that time and age. 渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。Key words: Mark Twain; American dream; freedom; equality铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。2摘要美国梦在美国文学中是一个永恒的话题，它通过文学方式反映一定时期的社会特征，表达社会需求，因此文学和美国梦的紧密关系的显而易见的。擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。马克吐温生于1835年11月30号佛罗里达州，在密西西比河的几年生涯为他的哈克贝利费恩历险记提供了丰富的一手素材和背景。哈克贝利费恩历险记写于1884年，但描述的故事发生于美国内战前，因为这段时期最能体现美国社会。在此书中，主人公哈克和吉姆分别代表不同阶级。在曲折而又充满冒险的旅途中，哈克和吉姆建立起了深厚的友谊，这种友谊打破了白人和黑人的隔阂。贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。海明威曾这样评价哈克贝利费恩历险记，“所以美国现代文学都起源于一本书哈克贝利费恩历险记，之前没有，至少迄今为止还没有人能赶超”。由此可见这本书在美国文学中的特殊地位。坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。以前人们把对此书的研究重点放在马克吐温幽默和口语化的写作风格，以及以马克吐温为代表的地方色彩主义。近些年来，越来越多的研究开始转向19世纪美国道德颓废和奴隶制的存在。本论文从三方面分析美国儿童精神追求：自由主义，冒险主义和反抗精神。尽管为现实所桎梏，这些儿童依然怀揣着拥有自由平等的梦想。蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。关键词：马克吐温 美国梦 自由 平等2Table of ContentsIntroduction.1Chapter I. Liberalism.4買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。A. Huckleberrys Escape.4B. Jims Runaway.6C. Mississippithe Symbol of Freedom.6綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。Chapter II. Adventurism.8驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。A. Adventures of Huckleberry .8猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。B. Adventures of Tom Sawyer.8锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。Chapter III. Rebellious Spirit.11構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。A. Huckleberrys Friendship with Jim.11輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。B. Jims Resistance to Slavery.14尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。Conclusion.17Notes19Bibliography.20viIntroduction1.1 Mark Twains life and major worksSamuel Langhorne Clemens，better known by his pen name Mark Twain, was an American author and humorist, who is most famous for his satires. Twain grew up in Hannibal, Missouri, which provided the setting for Huckleberry Finn and Tom Sawyer. After an apprenticeship with a printer, he worked as a typesetter and contributed articles to his older brother Orions newspaper. He later became a riverboat pilot on the Mississippi River before heading west to join Orion in Nevada. He referred humorously to his singular lack of success at mining, turning to journalism for the Virginia City Territorial Enterprise. In 1865, his humorous story, The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County was published, which brought international attention, even being translated to classic Greek. 识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。His wit and satire, in prose and in speech, earned him praise from critics and peers.凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。Twain passed through a period of deep depression that began in 1896 when his daughter Suzy died of meningitis. Olivias death in 1904 and Jeans on December24, 1909, deepened his gloom. 恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。In 1909, Twain is quoted as saying: I came in with Halleys Comet in 1835. It is coming again next year, and I expect to go out with it. It will be the greatest disappointment of my life if I dont go out with Halleys Comet. The Almighty has said, no doubt: Now here are these two unaccountable freaks; they came in together, they must go out together.2鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。His prediction was accurateTwain died of a heart attack on April21, 1910, in Redding, Connecticut, one day after the comets closest approach to Earth.硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。Upon hearing of Twains death, President William Howard Taft said: 阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。Mark Twain gave pleasure real intellectual enjoyment to millions, and his works will continue to give such pleasure to millions yet to come. His humor was American, but he was nearly as much appreciated by Englishmen and people of other countries as by his own countrymen. He has made an enduring part of American literature.3氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。From the onset of his literary work, Mark Twain demonstrates a clear interest in the lives of the youth. His famous the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn illustrates this. Huckleberry Finn 釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。2was an offshoot from Tom Sawyer and had a more serious tone than its predecessor. Huckleberry, the main character, is considered as an uneducated boy who is constantly under pressure to conform to the civilized aspects of society. Jim, who accompanies Huckleberry, is a runaway slave seeking freedom from the world that has denied it to him for so long. It is the trip that makes the boy Huckleberry get to know the evil of the slavery and to show his courage to rebel against the world. The main premise behind Huckleberry Finn is the young boys belief in the right thing to do though most believed that it was wrong. 怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。1.2About American DreamThis book has been studied from many aspects, for instance, the situational irony, the writing features, the personalities of the characters and so on. This paper mainly studies the spirit of American Dream demonstrated in the book. The American Dream is a national ethos of the United States, a set of ideals in which freedom includes the opportunity for prosperity and success, and an upward social mobility achieved through hard work. In the definition of the American Dream by James Truslow Adams in 1931, life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement4 regardless of social class or circumstances of birth. 谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。The idea of the American Dream is rooted in the United States Declaration of Independence which proclaims that all men are created equal and that they are endowed by their Creator with certain inalienable Rights including Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness. 嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。Ownby (1999) identifies four American Dreams that the new consumer culture addressed. The first was the Dream of Abundance offering a cornucopia of material goods to all Americans, making them proud to be the richest society on earth. The second was the Dream of a Democracy of Goods whereby everyone had access to the same products regardless of race, gender, ethnicity, or class, thereby challenging the aristocratic norms of the rest of the world whereby only the rich or well-connected are granted