桑拿英语及常用口语.doc

Sauna(桑拿) A sauna is a small room or house designed as a place to experience dry or wet heat sessions, or an establishment with one or more of these and auxiliary facilities. These facilities derive from the Finnish sauna. The word sauna is also used metaphorically to describe an unusually hot or humid environment. A sauna session can be a social affair in which the participants disrobe and sit or recline in temperatures of over 80 C (176 F)citation needed. This induces relaxation and promotes sweating. History of sauna Etymology The word sauna is an ancient Finnish word refering to the traditional Finnish bath as well as to the bathhouse itself. First saunas The oldest known saunas were pits dug in a slope in the ground and primarily used as dwellings in winter. The sauna featured a fireplace and stones were heated in fire until they were hot. Water was thrown over the hot stones to produce steam and to give a sensation of increased heat. This would raise the temperature so high that people could take off their clothes Evolution Eventually the sauna evolved to use a metal woodstove, or kiuas kiu.s, with a chimney. Air temperatures averaged around 160-180 degrees Fahrenheit (70-80 C) but sometimes exceeded 200 F (90 C) in a traditional Finnish sauna. Steam vapor, also called lyly lyly, was created by splashing water on the heated rocks. The steam and high heat caused bathers to perspire, thus flushing away impurities and toxins from the body. The Finns also used a vihta viht (Western dialect, aka vasta in Eastern dialect), which is a bundle of birch twigs, to gently slap the skin and create further stimulation of the pores and cells. The Finns also used the sauna as a place to cleanse the mind, rejuvenate and refresh the spirit, and prepare the dead for burial. The sauna was (and still is) an important part of daily life, and families bathed together in the home sauna. Indeed Sauna was originally a place of mystical nature where gender/sex differences did not exist. Because the sauna was often the cleanest structure and had water readily available, Finnish women also gave birth in the sauna. When the Finns migrated to other areas of the globe, such as Minnesota, Northern Wisconsin, the Upper Pennisula of Michigan and Western Ontario, they brought their sauna designs and traditions with them, introducing other cultures to the enjoyment and health benefits of sauna. This led to further evolution of the sauna, including the electric sauna stove, which was invented and implemented in the 1950s and far infrared saunas, which have become popular in the last several decades. The modern sauna Most North American and Western European college/university physical education complexes and many public sports centers and gyms include sauna facilities. They may also be present at public and private swimming pools. This may be a separate area where swimming wear may be taken off or a smaller facility in the swimming pool area where one should keep the swimming wear on. Under many circumstances, temperatures approaching and exceeding 100 C (212 F) would be completely intolerable. Saunas overcome this problem by controlling the humidity. The hottest Finnish saunas have very low humidity levels, which allows air temperatures that could boil water to be tolerated and even enjoyed for long periods of time. Other types of sauna, such as the hammam, where the humidity approaches 100%, will be set to a much lower temperature of around 40 C (104 F) to compensate. The wet heat would cause scalding if the temperature were set much higher. Finer control over the temperature experienced can be achieved by choosing a higher level bench for those wishing a hotter experience or a lower level bench for a more moderate temperature. Good manners require that the door to a sauna not be kept open so long that it cools the sauna for those that are already in it. A draft, even if at 100 C, may still be unwelcome. Infrared saunas are growing in popularity, using far infrared rays emitted by infrared heaters to create warmth. Saunas can be dangerous. Heat prostration or the even more serious hyperthermia (heat stroke) can result. The cool shower or plunge afterwards always results in a great increase in blood pressure, so careful moderation is advised for those with a history of stroke or hypertension (high blood pressure). In Finland, the sauna is thought of as a healing refreshment. The saying goes: Jos ei viina, terva tai sauna auta, tauti on kuolemaksi. (If booze, tar or the sauna wont help, the illness is fatal.) In Finnish sauna culture, a beer afterwards is thought to be refreshing and relaxing. Pouring a few centiliters of beer into the water that is poured on the hot stones releases the odor of the grain used to brew the beer. This distincive smell, however, sharply divides Finnish people. Also other scents can be used (for example tar or eucalyptus), but using any scents other than birch leaves is frowned upon by the traditionalists. Social and mixed gender nudity with adults and children of the same family is common in the conventional sauna. Sometimes the sauna is considered not only a sex-free, but also almost a gender-free zone. It may also be noted that engaging in sexual activity in an environment where the temperature approaches 100 C would be impractical at the least. In the dry sauna and on chairs one sometimes sits on a towel for hygiene and comfort; in the steam bath the towel is left outside. Some hotel sauna facilities and especially cruise ships and/or ferries have an area where refreshments (often alcoholic) are served in conjunction with the sauna/pool area; draping a towel around the waist is generally required in that part of such facilities. As an additional facility a sauna may have one or more jacuzzis.sauna 名词桑拿浴 sn n y 名词bathroom 名词浴室 y sh 名词bath 名词浴室 y sh 名词bath 名词浴室 y sh 名词balneary 名词浴室 y sh 名词bathrooms 复浴室 y sh 名词baths 复浴室 y sh 名词bath 名词浴室(池 y sh ( ch 名词sunbed 名词日光浴(或太阳灯浴)浴床 r un y ( hu ti yn dn y ) y chun 名词caldarium 名词高温浴室 o wn y sh 名词shower room 名词淋浴室 ln y sh 名词solarium 名词日光浴室 r un y sh 名词bathhouse 名词公共浴室 n n y sh 名词steam bath 名词蒸汽浴室 zhn q y sh 名词bath soap 名词浴室肥皂 y sh fi zo 名词bath mat 名词浴室防滑垫 y sh fn hu din 名词ben 名词内室(或起居室) ni sh ( hu q j sh ) 名词mulberry 名词桑椹 sn zhn 名词ethan 名词伊桑 y sn 名词mulberry 名词桑树 sn sh 名词bath 名词浴盆 y pn 名词baths 复沐浴 m y 名词shower 名词淋浴 ln y 名词bathtub 名词浴缸 y n 名词shower 名词淋浴 ln y 名词bathrobes 复浴衣 y y 名词bath 名词浴水 y shu 名词balneation 名词入浴 r y 名词bathrobe 名词浴衣 y y 名词shower 名词沐浴 m y 名词tub 名词浴盆 y pn 名词sanitary 名词卫浴 wi y 名词lavipeditum 名词足浴 z y 名词bathrom warmer 名词浴霸 y b 名词balneotherapy 名词浴疗法 y lio f 名词bath gown 名词浴衣 y y 名词bath water 名词浴水 y shu 名词bather 名词入浴者 r y zh 名词sauna 名词蒸汽浴 zhn q y 名词balneology 名词浴疗学 y lio xu 名词bath salt 名词浴盐 y yn 名词arenation 名词热砂浴 r sh y 名词electrobath 名词 电电镀浴 din d y 名词 电hip bath 名词坐浴 zu y 名词insolation 名词太阳浴 ti yn y 名词sunbath 名词日光浴 r un y 名词bidet 名词坐浴盆 zu y pn 名词bath foam 名词沐浴液 m y y 名词sunbath 名词日光灯浴 r un dn y 名词spa 名词温泉浴场 wn qun y chn 名词body wash 名词沐浴液 m y y 名词body wash 名词沐浴露 m y l 名词shower room 名词淋浴房 ln y fn 名词bubble bath 名词泡沫浴 po m y 名词sun bath 名词太阳浴 ti yn y 名词water bath 名词水浴锅 shu y u 名词closet 名词私室 s sh 名词ben 名词内室 ni sh 名词cellblock 名词囚犯室 qi fn sh 名词surgeries 复手术室 shu sh sh 名词antechamber 名词接待室 ji di sh 名词theater 名词手术室 shu sh sh 名词archives 复档案室 dn n sh 名词reefer 名词 成语冷藏室 ln cn sh 名词sudatory 名词发汗室 f hn sh 名词anteroom 名词接待室 ji di sh 名词bureaux 名词办公室 bn n sh 名词changeroom 名词更衣室 n y sh 名词playroom 名词活动室 hu dn sh 名词boxroom 名词收藏室 shu cn sh 名词foyer 名词休息室 xi xi sh 名词boardroom 名词会议室 hu y sh 名词courtroom 名词审判室 shn pn sh 名词parlour 名词营业室 yn y sh 名词cab 名词驾驶室 ji sh sh 名词parlor 名词会客室 hu k sh 名词cabs 复驾驶室 ji sh sh 名词cellars 复地下室 d xi sh 名词parlors 复业务室 y w sh 名词举办城市 j bn chn sh 名词host city 名词申办者 shn bn zh 名词sponsor 名词闭幕式 b m sh 专有名词 运Closing Ceremony 专有名词 运开幕时间 ki m sh jin 名词curtain time 名词复合式幕墙 f h sh m qin 名词compound curtain wall 名词框架式幕墙 kun ji sh m qin 名词framed curtain wall 名词开幕式 ki m sh 专有名词 运Opening Ceremony 专有名词 运金牌 jn pi 名词 运gold medal 名词 运银牌 yn pi 名词 运silver medal 名词 运铜牌 tn pi 名词 运bronze medal 名词 运招牌 zho pi 名词signboard 名词扑克牌 p ke pi 名词squeezer 名词品牌效应 pn pi xio yn 名词brand effect 名词金窝银窝不如咱的狗窝。 jn w yn w b r zn de u w 。 谚语俚语There is no place like home. 谚语俚语备用金 bi yn jn 名词a shot in the locker 名词 成语一诺千金。 y nu qin jn 。 谚语俚语Promise is debt. 谚语俚语英语口语速记1. I see 我明白了。 2. I quit! 我不干了! 3. Let go! 放手! 4. Me too 我也是。 5. My god! 天哪! 6. No way! 不行! 7. Come on 来吧(赶快) 8. Hold on 等一等。 9. I agree。 我同意。 10. Not bad 还不错。 11. Not yet 还没。 12. See you 再见。 13. Shut up! 闭嘴! 14. So long 再见。 15. Why not? 好呀! (为什么不呢?) 16. Allow me 让我来。 17. Be quiet! 安静点! 18. Cheer up! 振作起来! 19. Good job! 做得好! 20. Have fun! 玩得开心! 21. How much? 多少钱? 22. Im full 我饱了。 23. Im home 我回来了。 24. Im lost 我迷路了。 25. My treat 我请客。 26. So do I 我也一样。 27. This way。 这边请。 28. After you 您先。 29. Bless you! 祝福你! 30. Follow me 跟我来。 31. Forget it! 休想! (算了!) 32. Good luck! 祝好运! 33. I decline! 我拒绝! 34. I promise 我保证。 35. Of course! 当然了! 36. Slow down! 慢点! 37. Take care! 保重! 38. They hurt (伤口)疼。 39. Try again 再试试。 40. Watch out! 当心。 41. Whats up? 有什么事吗? 42. Be careful! 注意! 43. Bottoms up! 干杯(见底)! 44. Dont move! 不许动! 45. Guess what? 猜猜看? 46. I doubt it 我怀疑。 47. I think so 我也这么想。 48. Im single 我是单身贵族。 49. Keep it up! 坚持下去! 50. Let me see让我想想。 51. Never mind不要紧。 52. No problem! 没问题! 53. Thats all! 就这样! 54. Time is up 时间快到了。 55. Whats new? 有什么新鲜事吗? 56. Count me on 算上我。 57. Dont worry 别担心。 58. Feel better? 好点了吗? 59. I love you! 我爱你! 60. Im his fan。 我是他的影迷。 61. Is it yours? 这是你的吗? 62. Thats neat 这很好。 63. Are you sure? 你肯定吗? 64. Do l have to 非做不可吗? 65. He is my age 他和我同岁。 66. Here you are 给你。 67. No one knows . 没有人知道。 68. Take it easy 别紧张。 69. What a pity! 太遗憾了! 70. Any thing else? 还要别的吗? 71. To be careful! 一定要小心! 72. Do me a favor? 帮个忙，好吗? 73. Help yourself 别客气。 74. Im on a diet 我在节食。 75. Keep in Touch 保持联络。 76. Time is money 时间就是金钱。 77. Whos calling? 是哪一位? 78. You did right 你做得对。 79. You set me up! 你出卖我! 80. Can I help you? 我能帮你吗? 81. Enjoy yourself! 祝你玩得开心! 82. Excuse me，Sir 先生，对不起。 83. Give me a hand! 帮帮我! 84. Hows it going? 怎么样? 85. I have no idea 我没有头绪。 86. I just made it! 我做到了! 87. Ill see to it 我会留意的。 88. Im in a hurry! 我在赶时间! 89. Its her field 这是她的本行。 90. Its up to you 由你决定。 91. Just wonderful! 简直太棒了! 92. What about you? 你呢? 93. You owe me one你欠我一个人情。 94. Youre welcome 不客气。 95. Any day will do 哪一天都行夕 96. Are you kidding? 你在开玩笑吧! 97. Congratulations! 祝贺你! 98. T cant help it. 我情不自禁。 99. I dont mean it. 我不是故意的。 100. Ill fix you Up 我会帮你打点的 101. It sounds great! 听起来很不错。 102. Its a fine day。 今天是个好天。 103. So far，So good 目前还不错。 104. What time is it? 几点了? 105. You can make it! 你能做到! 106. Control yourself! 克制一下! 107. He came by train 他乘火车来。 108. He is ill in bed 他卧病在床。 109. He lacks courage 他缺乏勇气。 110. Hows everything? 一切还好吧? 111. I have no choice 我别无选择。 112. I like ice-cream 我喜欢吃冰淇淋。 113. I love this game 我钟爱这项运动。 114. Ill try my best 我尽力而为。 115. Im On your side 我全力支持你。 116. Long time no see! 好久不见! 117. No pain，no gain 不劳无获。 118. Well，it depends 噢，这得看情况。 119. Were all for it 我们全都同意。 120. What a good deal! 真便宜! 121. What should I do? 我该怎么办？ 122. You asked for it! 你自讨苦吃! 123. You have my word 我保证。 124. Believe it or not! 信不信由你! 125. Dont count on me别指望我。 126. Dont fall for it! 别上当! 127. Dont let me down 别让我失望。 128. Easy come easy go 来得容易，去得快。 129. I beg your pardon 请你原谅。 130. I beg your pardon? 请您再说一遍(我没有听清)。 131. Ill be back soon 我马上回来。 132. Ill check it out 我去查查看。 133. Its a long story 说来话长。 134. Its Sunday today 今天是星期天。 135. Just wait and see! 等着瞧! 136. Make up your mind 做个决定吧。 137. Thats all I need 我就要这些。 138. The view is great 景色多么漂亮! 139. The wall has ears 隔墙有耳。 140. There comes a bus 汽车来了。 141. What day is today? 今天星期几? 142. What do you think? 你怎么认为？ 143. Who told you that? 谁告诉你的? 144. Whos kicking off? 现在是谁在开球? 145. Yes，I suppose So 是的，我也这么认为。 146. You cant miss it 你一定能找到的。 147. Any messages for me? 有我的留言吗? 148. Dont be so modest 别谦虚了。 149. Dont give me that! 少来这套! 150. He is a smart boy 他是个小机灵鬼。 151. He is just a child 他只是个孩子。 152. I cant follow you 我不懂你说的。 153. I felt sort of ill. 我感觉有点不适。 154. I have a good idea! 我有一个好主意。 155. It is growing cool 天气渐渐凉爽起来。 156. It seems all right 看来这没问题。 157. Its going too far 太离谱了。 158. May I use your pen? 我可以用你的笔吗? 159. She had a bad cold 她患了重感冒。 160. Thats a good idea 这个主意真不错。 161. The answer is zero 白忙了。 162. What does she like? 她喜欢什么? 163. As soon as possible! 越快越好! 164. He can hardly speak 他几乎说不出话来。 165. He always talks big 他总是吹牛。 166. He won an election 他在选举中获胜。 167. I am a football fan 我是个足球迷。 168. If only I could fly 要是我能飞就好了。 169. Ill be right there 我马上就到。 170. Ill see you at six 我六点钟见你。 171. IS it true or false? 这是对的还是错的? 172. Just read it for me 就读给我听好了。 173. Knowledge is power 知识就是力量。 174. Move out of my way! 让开! 175. Time is running out 没时间了。 176. We are good friends 我们是好朋友。 177. Whats your trouble? 你哪儿不舒服? 178. You did fairly well! 你干得相当不错1 179. Clothes make the man 人要衣装。 180. Did you miss the bus? 你错过公共汽车了? 181. Dont lose your head。 不要惊慌失措。 182. He cant take a joke 他开不得玩笑。 183. He owes my uncle $100他欠我叔叔100美元。 184. How are things going? 事情进展得怎样? 185. How are you recently? 最近怎么样? 186. I know all about it 我知道有关它的一切。 187. It really takes time 这样太耽误时间了。 188. Its against the law 这是违法的。 189. Love me，love my dog (谚语)爱屋及乌。 190. My mouth is watering 我要流口水了。 191. Speak louder，please 说话请大声点儿。 192. This boy has no job 这个男孩没有工作。 193. This house is my own 这所房子是我自己的。 194. What happened to you? 你怎么了? 195. You are just in time. 你来得正是时候。 196. You need to workout 你需要去运动锻炼一下。 197. Your hand feels cold 你的手摸起来很冷。 198. Dont be so childish. 别这么孩子气。 199. Dont trust to chance! 不要碰运气。 200. Fasten your seat belt 系好你的安全带。201. He has a large income. 他有很高的收入。 202. He looks very healthy 他看来很健康。 203. He paused for a reply 他停下来等着回答。 204. He repaired his house 他修理了他的房子。 205. He suggested a picnic. 他建议搞一次野餐。 206. Heres a gift for you 这里有个礼物送给你。 207. How much does it cost? 多少钱? 208. I caught the last bus. 我赶上了最后一班车。 209. I could hardly speak 我简直说不出话来。 210. Ill have to try that 我得试试这么做。 211. Im very proud of you 我为你感到非常骄傲。 212. It doesnt make sense. 这没有意义(不合常理)。 213. Make yourself at home 请不要拘礼。 214. My car needs washing 我的车需要洗一洗。 215. None of your business! 与你无关! 216. Not a sound was heard. 一点声音也没有。 217. Thats always the case 习以为常了。 218. The road divides here. 这条路在这里分岔。 219. Those are watermelons 那些是西瓜。 220. What a nice day it is! 今天天气真好! 221. Whats wrong with you? 你哪里不对劲? 222. You are a chicken 你是个胆小鬼。 223. A lovely day，isnt it? 好天气，是吗? 224. He is collecting money 他在筹集资金。 225. He was born in New York 他出生在纽约。 226. He was not a bit tired 他一点也不累。 227. I will be more careful 我会小心一些的， 228. I will never forget it 我会记着的。 229. It is Just what I need 这正是我所需要的。 230. It rather surprised me 那事使我颇感惊讶。 231. Just around the comer 就在附近。 232. Just for entertainment 只是为了消遣一下。 233. Let bygones be bygones 过去的，就让它过去吧。 234. Mother doesnt make up 妈妈不化妆。 235. Oh，you are kidding me 哦，你别拿我开玩笑了。 236. She has been to school. 她上学去了。 237. Skating is interesting 滑冰很有趣。 238. Supper is ready at six 晚餐六点钟就好了。 239. Thats a terrific idea! 真是好主意! 240. What horrible weather! 这鬼天气! 241. Which would you prefer? 你要选哪个? 242. Does she like ice-cream? 她喜欢吃冰淇淋吗? 243. First come first served 先到先得。 244. Great minds think alike 英雄所见略同。 245. He has a sense of humor 他有幽默感。 246. He is acting an old man 他正扮演一个老人。 247. He is looking for a job 他正在找工作。 248. He doesnt care about me 他并不在乎我。 249. I develop films myself 我自己冲洗照片。 250. I felt no regret for it 对这件事我不觉得后悔。 251. I get up at six oclock 我六点起床。 252. I meet the boss himself 我见到了老板本人。 253. I owe you for my dinner. 我欠你晚餐的钱。 254. I really enjoyed myself 我玩得很开心。 255. Im fed up with my work! 我对工作烦死了! 256. Its no use complaining. 发牢骚没什么用。 257. Shes under the weather 她心情不好。 258. The child sobbed sadly 小孩伤心地抽泣着。 259. The rumor had no basis 那谣言没有根据。 2