2017年仁爱版九年级英语上册第二单元知识点.doc

U2T1SA1 The flowers and grass have gone. 花儿和草都消失啦。go 在此处为不及物动词，意为“不复存在，不见了，丢失，失窃”。e.g. My new bike has gone. I cant find it. 我的新自行车不见了，我找不到它了。2 Look , there are several chemical factories pouring waste water into the stream.看，有几个化学工厂正把废水排入河流中呢。 a. There be + sth. /sb. doing sth.为固定句型，意为“有某人或某物正在做某事”。e.g. Look! There is a little girl crying in the street瞧！有个小女孩正在街上哭。b. pour . into把倒入。e.g. Please pour the sugar into a cup.请把糖倒入杯里。c. waste adj. 废弃的，无用的，丢弃的。n. 浪费，废弃物 e.g. a waste of time 浪费时间。v. 浪费 e.g. waste ones words 白费口舌。U2T1SB1 breathe v.意为“呼吸”，名词是breath，注意不同词性时单词的拼写。e.g. We breathe fresh air 我们呼吸新鲜的空气。You can see your breath on a very cold day.你可以在寒冷的天看到你的呼吸。breathe in吸入，breathe out呼出，hold ones breath屏住呼吸，take a (deep) breath (深深地)吸一口气。2 produce v.在此意为“产生，造成，引起”, 表示结果。注意：produce一般侧重工业生产，农业产品，也包括创造脑力劳动产品，而make含义很广,没有具体限制生产何种产品。e.g. The writer produces a new novel every year.、 这位作家每年写一本新小说。A hen produces eggs.母鸡产蛋。Toms mother is making a cake for him. 汤姆的妈妈在为他做蛋糕。3 in a bad mood 意为“心情差”；in a good mood 意为“心情好”。e.g. He is in a bad mood today.他今天心情差4 cant bear sth./doing sth.意为“不能容忍某事/做某事。”e.g. I cant bear the pain.我受不了这疼痛。I cant bear staying up so late. 这么晚不睡觉我受不了。5 hope v.希望。hope +从句 e.g.I hope(that) you can come, because you are important to me. 我希望你能来，因为你对我来说很重要。hope to do sth. 希望做某事。e.g. I hope to see you at the party. 我希望在聚会上见到你。n. 希望。e.g. Jony failed in the competition, but he never gave up his hope. 乔尼比赛输了，但他从不放弃希望。注：wish sb. to do sth. 希望某人做某事，但不能说hope sb. to do sth.6 too many + 可数名词复数 ： 太多的too much+ 不可数名词： 太多的much too+ adj/adv ： 太7 be harmful to sb./sth. 对某人或某物有害。e.g. Sweet food is harmful to childrens teeth.甜食对孩子的牙齿有害。Drinking too much wine is harmful to health.嗜酒对健康有害。U2T1SC1 However , not all people know noise is also a kind of pollution然而，不是所有的人都会自动噪音也是一种污染not all .此结构表示部分否定，意为“不是所有的”。not与both, all，every以及every的派生词连用时表示部分否定。e.g. Not everybody likes playing basketball不是所有的人都爱打篮球。而neither，none，nothing,nobody， no one等用来表示全部否定。e.g. None of my friends likes swimming我的朋友中没有一个人喜欢游泳。2 lose ones hearing意为“丧失听力”，同义短语是：have hearing loss。e.g. Beethoven lost his hearing at the age of 50.3 quite a few 许多，大量。 e.g. There are quite a few old people living in this area. 这个地区住着许多老年人。4 Recently, it was reported that many teenagers in America can hear no better than 65-year-old people do最近，据报道在美国很多青少年的听力跟65岁的老人差不多 a. recently最近，指过去不久的某一时刻，和一般过去时连用；指过去不久到现在的一段时间，和现在完成时连用。e.g. I havent heard of her recently. 最近我没听到她的消息。b. it is reported据报道, it is said据说, 这两个短语均表示其后为引用内容。c. no better than. 意为“和(几乎)一样坏”。e.g. His composition is no better than mine. 他的作文和我的一样差。4 do(great)harm to . 对有(很大)害处，此处harm为名词。相当于be harmful to . 意为“对有害的”。e.g. Reading in the sun is harmful to your eyes. = Reading in the sun does harm to your eyes. 在太阳底下阅读对眼睛是有害的。5 including prep. 包括,包含在内。e.g. Ten members were present at the meeting, including myself. 包括我自己在内的10个人出席了会议。include v. 包括,包含。e.g. The price includes both the house and furniture. 这个价格包括房子和里面的家具。U2T1SD 1. Burning gas, oil, coal creates air pollution.燃烧气体、石油和煤都会造成空气污染。 create v. 造成，创造 creative adj. 创造性的 creation n. 创造；创造物 2. In the fields, farmers use too many chemicals which destroy the soil. 在地里，农民使用了太多对土壤起破坏作用的化肥和农药。3. Too much noise can cause high blood pressure as well.噪声太大也可能导致高血压。 high blood pressure 高血压 as well 也, 还e.g. Were going to the party tonight. Why dont you come along as well?4. With the increase in population and the development of industry, litter is everywhere. 随着人口的增加和工业的发展，垃圾到处都是。 5. With less pollution, our planet will become greener and our health will be better. 随着污染的减少，我们的地球将变得更加环 保，我们也会更健康。U2T2SA1 change into. 变成。e.g. Water has changed into steam.水变成了蒸气。2 stop/prevent sb./sth. (from) doing sth. 阻止某人/某物做某事，from可以省略。e.g. The heavy snow stopped/prevented the visitors (from) leaving the top of the mountain. 大雪使游人不得不停留在山顶上。3 earth着重指与天空相对的“土地”，还泛指泥土；soil要指用于种植庄稼的“土壤”；ground主要指大地表面；land着重指与河、湖、海洋相对的陆地。e.g.Put the tree in the hole and fill it with earth again. 把树放进坑里，然后用土重新将坑填满。Light, water, air and soil are essential to plant life. 光、水分、空气和土壤对植物生长是不可缺少的。The bag fell on the ground. 那个包掉到地上了。A lot of good lands have gone. 大片的良田消失了。4 cut down砍倒。 e.g. Dont cut down any trees. 别砍树木。注意：cut的现在分词为cutting, 过去式和过去分词均为cut。5 although conj.意为“虽然，尽管”，引导让步状语从句，相当于though, although较正式。e.g. Although/Though he is very tired，he goes on with his work. 虽然他很累，但他还继续工作。He helped us, although he didnt know us. 尽管他不认识我们，但他帮助了我们。注意：在句中使用although或though时，不能同时使用but,但although/though后可用yet 或still等。Although the question is difficult, he can still answer it. 尽管这个问题很难，他仍能回答上来。加强语气时，通常说even though，而不说even althoughU2T2SB1 as a result 结果。e.g. As a result, we were all late for class. 结果，我们都迟到了。as a result of. 由于。e.g. As a result of ill health, he couldnt go on working any longer. 由于健康状况不佳，他不能继续工作了。2 something useful 形容词修饰不定代词时， 要放在所修饰词的后面， 作后置定语。somewhere warm 暖和的地方，nothing serious 没什么严重的。 There is something interesting in todays newspaper. 今天的报纸上有一些有趣的事。3 None of us likes pollution. 没人喜欢污染。None 没有一个， 毫无none 指三者或三者以上的“没有， 都不”，既可指“人”也可指“物”，常与of连用，既可修饰可数名词，也可修饰不可数名词。构成“none of+名词/代词”结构，当名词是不可数名词时，谓语动词用第三人称单数，当名词是复数时，谓语动词用单复数均可。e.g. None of those buses go(es) there.没有一辆公共汽车去那里。若要表示二者的“都不”，应该用neither。回答以how many/much引导的特殊疑问句表示否定时用none; 回答以who引导的特殊疑问句用no one。none和no one 的区别; No one 1)不与of连用；2)谓语动词用单数；3)只能指人，但不具体指什么人；4)一般用来回答who,及含anyone, anybody引起的疑问句。 None 1)可与of连用；2)谓语动词用单或复数；3)具体指什么人或物；4)一般用来回答how many +n, how much +n及含any +n引起的疑问句。 4 here and there 处处，到处。与everywhere同义。e.g. Ive looked for my key here and there (everywhere), but I cant find it. 我到处找我的钥匙，但就是找不到。5 We should do everything we can to protect the environment. 我们应该做所有我们能做的事情来保护环境。此句中we can作everything的定语，省略了引导词that及从句中的谓语do, 意为“一切能做的事情”。U2T2SC1 be good for 对有益；be good at 擅长。e.g. Doing morning exercises is good for our health. 做早操对我们的健康有益。Kangkang is good at swimming. 康康擅长游泳。2 while conj. 而，然而，相当于but，表示对比。e.g. He is a worker, while I am a teacher. 他是工人而我是教师。3 rise v. 升起，上涨，上升。 e.g. The sun rises in the east. 太阳从东方升起。raise v. 使升高，举起。 e.g. Heavy rains raised the flood stage. 暴雨使洪水水位上涨。U2T2SDIndefinite pronoun and adverb 不定代词和副词一、构成。不定代词、副词是由some, any, no, every与thing, one,body, where 等构成。E.g. something, someone, nowhere, anybody等。二、用法。1通常情况下,由some, every加后缀构成的不定代词、副词常用于肯定句；由any加后缀构成的不定代词、副词常用于疑问句、否定句中。E.g. You will find your bag somewhere. Can you hear anything? 2. 注意：当说话人希望得到肯定答复,或是表示建议、请求等意图时,something, somebody, someone也可以用于疑问句中。当要表达“任何人；任何事物”时,anything, anybody, anyone也可以用于肯定句中。E.g. Would you like something to drink? Anybody can do it except Tom.1 1. How can we avoid a serious water shortage? 我们如何避免水资源短缺呢？2.we should discover ways to reuse water.我们需要找到再利用水的方法。3.Although the world is hungry, it is even thirstier. 虽然世界是饥饿的，但是他更渴。4.While nearly of the earth is covered with water , we are still short of drinking water. 尽管地球差不多四分之三都被水覆盖，我们仍然缺少饮用水。 nearly 与almost 区别 ： almost 多表示时间、程度、距离、进度， 且almost 可以修饰more than, too, nothing, nobody, nowhere, no one, none, never 等词，nearly 则不行。nearly只与not连用。 e.g. I have almost never seen him. I nearly didnt hear what the teacher said in class. U2T3SA 1 work for .为工作，为坚持不懈地努力。 e.g. We should work for peace. 我们应该为和平而努力。 2.encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 3 sort v. 整理，归类，分拣。 e.g. sort letters 分拣信件。 n. 种类，相当于kind。4 连词 or, and, but 和 while的用法表示并列关系，用and表转折，用but, while表选择，用orU2T3SB1 ought to 情态动词，无人称和时态变化，后接动词原形，意为“应该，应当”。e.g. We ought to be polite to the old. 我们应该尊敬老人。否定形式为：ought not to do sth.= oughtnt to do sth. 不应该做某事。e.g. You ought not to tell her the bad news. 你不应该告诉她这条坏消息。2 Its so easy to be a greener person.成为一个更环保的人如此简单。 It is/was+adj. + to do sth.句型中的it是形式主语，真正的主语是to be a greener person。类似的句型有It is/was+adj.+of+for sb. to do sth.。当用形容词来描述人的性格、特征、品质时，通常选用of, 这类形容词有good, kind, nice, wise, clever, foolish, right, wrong, careful等。e.g.Its nice of you to come. 你能来实在太好了。当形容词用来描述事物的性质、特征时，通常选用for, 这类形容词有easy, difficult, hard, important, necessary, possible, interesting等。e.gIts very important for everyone to protect the environment. 对每一个人来说，保护环境都很重要。注意：原句不可以改为To do that is kind of you.因为kind是说明you的特征的，但它可以改写为：You are kind to do that.U2T3SC1 hold v. 有多种含义。a. 容纳，包含eg. The plane holds about 300 passengers.这架飞机可容纳大约300名乘客。b. 拿着，抓住，抱eg. He was holding the boby in his arms.他抱着婴儿。c. 召开，举行，进行(比赛，会议等)。eg. The Olympic Games are held every four years.奥运会每四年举行一次d. (打电话时)等待，不挂断。eg. Hold on,