2015届高一英语精品教案：定语从句(牛津译林版,必修二).doc

目录：1. 关系代词引导的定语从句2. 关系副词引导的定语从句3. 介词+关系代词引导的定语从句4. as, which引导定语从句辨析5. way和time后接定语从句的特殊情况6. 定语从句考点透析7. 定语从句解题技巧8. 巩固练习学习目标：掌握定语从句关系词的用法掌握介词+关系词的定语从句用法掌握非限制性定语从句教学重难点：介词+关系词的定语从句及as和which引导的非限制性定语从句要点梳理：一、关系代词引导的定语从句1who, whom, whose引导的定语从句The person whom I can turn to for help when in trouble is Mr. Wang.我困难时可以求助的人是王先生。Children who are not active or whose diet is high in fat will gain weight quickly.(2010北京高考)很少进行体育锻炼或饮食富含脂肪的孩子体重会增加很快。Id like a room whose window (the window of which) looks out over the sea.我想要一间窗子朝海的房间。(1)who和whom指人，who在定语从句中作主语；whom在定语从句中作宾语，在限制性定语从句中可省略。在口语中可用who代替whom。(2)whose指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，指物时常可用of which取代。高考链接The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those lives were affected.(2013福建,27)A.whose B.thatC.who D.which剖析:A考查定语从句。句意:这本书通过那些生活受到影响的人的视角讲述了地震的故事。those表示“那些人”,而在定语从句中缺乏的成分意思应是“那些人的”,所以只有关系代词whose符合题意,故选A项。2that, which引导定语从句He talked about the people and the place that he had visited in that country.他谈到了他在那个国家所见到的人和所参观的地方。All the people that come from the country work much harder.所有来自农村的人工作都更努力得多。This is the best play that was written by Jack.这是杰克写得最好的一个剧本。That evening, which I will tell you more about later, I ended up working very late.(2012全国卷)那天晚上我工作到很晚，随后我会告诉你更多相关的情况。(1)that多指物，有时也指人，在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，作宾语或表语时可省略。指物时其用法和which大致相同，但也有区别。(2)which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，作宾语时，在限制性定语从句中可省略。(3)下列情况只用that不用which：先行词是all, something, everything, anything, nothing, little, much, few等不定代词；先行词被all, any, every, no, little, much, some等词修饰；先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰或先行词本身是序数词；先行词被the only, the very(正是，恰是)，the last修饰；先行词中既有人也有物；在which或who的特殊疑问句中含有定语从句。She has a gift for creating an atmosphere for her students allows them to communicate freely with each other.(2011福建,24)A.whichB.whereC.whatD.who 剖析:A句意:她有为学生营造一种良好氛围的天赋,这种氛围能够令学生交流自如。先行词是atmosphere(气氛),是物,而定语从句又缺少主语,所以用which;先行词是人时,才能用who;where引导定语从句时,在从句中作状语;what不能引导定语从句。二、关系副词引导的定语从句When I arrived, Bryan took me to see the house where I would be staying.(2013新课标全国卷)当我到达时，Bryan带我去看了我将要住的房子。I shall never forget the days when/in which we worked on the farm.我永远也不会忘记我们在农场工作的那些日子。The reason why I dont trust him is that he often tells lies.我不信任他的原因是他常常撒谎。Is this the reason (that) he explained for his rudeness at the meeting?这就是他在会议上解释的无礼的原因吗？1关系副词when, where, why的先行词是表示时间、地点或原因(一般为reason)的名词，在从句中作状语。有时可用“介词which”结构替换。2当定语从句中缺少主语或宾语时，即使先行词表时间、地点和原因仍用which/that。3当先行词为一些表示抽象地点的名词，如：point, situation, case, stage等，如果引导词在从句中作状语，常用关系副词where引导定语从句；如果不作状语，则用关系代词that/which。.高考链接：When I arrived,Bryan took me to see the house I would be staying.(2013新课标全国,4)A.whatB.whenC.whereD.which剖析:C考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,此处为定语从句,先行词是the house,从句中缺少地点状语因此用关系副词where。【技巧点拨】 定语从句关系词的选择,关键是分析从句中所缺少的成分,并结合先行词作出判断。一定要记住的是what不能引导定语从句。三、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句Trading leather shoes is the business to which the Greens are devoted.皮鞋生意是格林一家所致力于的事业。Recently I bought an ancient vase, the price of which(whose price) was very reasonable.最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。1若介词放在关系代词之前，关系代词指人时常用whom，指物时常用which。另外，whose也可以放在介词后，即“介词whose名词”结构。2该结构中介词的选用(1)一般来说，确定关系代词前的介词，可以从以下三方面入手：先行词的意义；从句中的动词或形容词与先行词的固定搭配；句子的意思。(2)表示“整体和部分关系”，介词常用of。常见结构：在some, any, few, little, none, all, both, neither, many, most, each等代词或数词的前、后可以用of which/whom。the比较级或最高级前、后用of which/whom等。四、as, which引导定语从句辨析The air quality in the city, as is shown in the report, has improved over the past two months.(2012福建高考)正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。Mo Yan was awarded the Nobel Prize for Literature in 2012, which made one of the Chinese peoples longheld dreams come true.(2013安徽高考)莫言被授予2012年诺贝尔文学奖，这使中国人长久以来拥有的梦想之一变成现实。Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem as none of us worked out.(定语从句)Last term our maths teacher set so difficult an examination problem that none of us worked it out.(结果状语从句)上学期数学老师考试出题太难，没有一个人能解出来。I would like to use the same tool as you used yesterday.I would like to use the same tool that you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那件工具。1as作关系代词用来引导非限制性定语从句，意为“正如，正像”，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。2as常用在下列习惯用语中：as (it) often happens, as I remember, as is often the case, as is expected, as is known to us, as is shown等。3which引导定语从句代指前面整句话内容则只能位于句末。4“such/so . that .”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“such/so . as .”表“像这样”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。5“the same . that .”表同一人或物，而“the same . as .”表同种类的东西。.高考链接： is often the case with children,Amy was better by the time the doctor arrived.(2013陕西,16)A.It B.ThatC.WhatD.As剖析:D考查非限制性定语从句。句意:正如(其他)孩子经常出现的情况一样,医生到达时,Amy(比之前)好多了。根据句意并分析句子成分可知,空处引导一个非限制性定语从句,指代后面整个句子,又因为在句首,所以要用as引导该定语从句,as在从句中作主语。【技巧点拨】做定语从句的选择题时,要先区分限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句;再看从句中缺少什么成分;最后看先行词是人还是物。五、way和time后接定语从句的特殊情况What surprised me was not what he said but the way he said it.让我吃惊的不是他说的话，而是他说话的方式。The way he explained to us was quite simple.他向我们解释的那种方法很简单。This was at a time when/during which there were no radios, no telephones or no TV sets.这是一个没有收音机、没有电话，也没有电视的时期。1在定语从句中，the way在从句中充当方式状语时，其后的关系词可以是in which, that或省略；但是当它在从句中充当主语、宾语等成分时，其后的关系词就用that或which。2先行词是time，若time作“次数”讲时，应用关系代词that引导定语从句，that可省略；若time作“一段时间，时代”讲且作状语时，应用关系副词when或介词at/duringwhich引导定语从句。六：定语从句考点透析：考点一 关系代词引导的定语从句1(2013湖南高考)Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.AwhomBwhoCwhat Dwhich解析：选B句意：幸福和成功往往降临到那些善于意识到自己优点的人的身上。先行词是those，关系词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词who引导定语从句。2(2013福建高考)The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.Awhose BthatCwho Dwhich解析：选A句意：这本书是以那些生活受到影响的人们的视角讲述地震中发生的故事的。定语从句中的先行词是those，且空处在句中作定语，故用关系代词whose引导。考点二 关系副词引导的定语从句4(2013浙江高考)The museum will open in the spring with an exhibition and a viewing platform _ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.Awhat BwhereCwhen Dwhy解析：选B该句中的先行词是a viewing platform，此处关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where。考点三 “介词关系代词”引导的定语从句6(2013重庆高考)John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.Athem BthatCwhich Dwhom解析：选D句意：约翰邀请了大约四十个人参加他的婚礼，其中大部分是家庭成员。该定语从句的先行词指人，且“most of _”在从句中充当主语，空处位于介词后，故用关系代词whom引导。7(2013辽宁高考)He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which case Bin that caseCin what case Din whose case解析：选Awhich引导非限制性定语从句，并且作定语修饰case。如果选择B项，则句子缺少适当的连接词，应该改为and in that case。考点四 as, which引导的定语从句8(2013天津高考)We have launched another manmade satellite, _ is announced in todays newspaper.Athat BwhichCwho Dwhat解析：选B句意：今天的报纸报道了我们发射了另外一颗人造卫星。此处which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整句话的内容，在定语从句中作主语。七：定语从句解题技巧：技法一：定语从句的解题步骤第一步：找出主句；第二步：找出被修饰词即先行词；第三步：找出定语从句；第四步：将先行词代入定语从句；第五步：判断关系词在定语从句中充当什么成分，如作主语、宾语、表语，需选择关系代词who, whom, that, which；如作定语，需选择whose, of which或of whom；如作状语，需选择关系副词when, why, where。典例By 16：30, _ was almost closing time, nearly all the paintings had been sold.Awhich BwhenCwhat Dthat分析分析句子结构可知“_ was almost closing time”为定语从句，16：30为先行词。从后面的closing time(停止营业时间)可以得知此句是在谈时间，但是此句中缺少主语，前面又有一个逗号，所以可以确定这里是一个非限制性定语从句，用which而不用that引导；when不能作主语，故可排除B项；what不能引导定语从句。故选A项。技法二：“介词关系词”引导的定语从句解题方法“介词关系代词”考查的重点在于“用不用介词”和“用什么介词”。因此在答题时考生必须注意解题思路。考生可采用“先行词还原法”将先行词还原到从句中来确定正确的介词，具体做法是：(1)把先行词放在从句中，根据句子的意思来判断用不用介词和用什么介词。(2)注意从句中动词、形容词、名词与介词的固定搭配。典例(2012湖南高考)Care of the soul is a gradual process _ even the small details of life should be considered.Awhat Bin whatCwhich Din which 分析句意：心灵的呵护是一个渐进的过程，在这一过程中，即使是生活中微小的细节也应该考虑在内。“_ even the small details of life should be considered”是定语从句部分，该部分主干完整；先行词是process，表抽象地点，由句意和与先行词的搭配知，“在的过程中”应用介词in，所以选D，相当于where。八：巩固练习：.单项填空1(2014江南十校联考)The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk naturally and safely.Awhen Bwhere Cwhich Dthat2(2014宝鸡检测)The British are not so familiar with other cultures and ways of doing things, _ is often the case in other countries.Athat Bwho Cas Dwhere3(2014南京师大附中月考)Following the girl, we went into a hall, on _ walls hung a few pictures of some famous scientists.Aits Bwhich Cwhose Dthose4(2014安徽望江二中模拟)He talked about the books and people _ interested them greatly in the school.Awho Bwhich Chow Dthat5(2014连云港质检)They stood on the top of the high building, _ they could see the whole city.Afrom which Bon where Cfrom where Don it6(2014杭州检测)Do you think the reason _ you gave for your ab