Keys to Unit 3.doc

Keys to Unit 3参考译文挂着钥匙的小孩笃，笃，有人在家吗？1 在美国过去的几十年中，生活开支一直在持续上升。食品价格、服装开支、住房开支以及学费不断增高。母亲们已经不再扮演专职家庭主妇的传统角色，这在一定程度上是出于经济上的需要，一定程度上也是为了使自己有一种成就感。她们越来越多地从事着家庭以外的带薪水的工作。2 这样重大的角色转换影响到整个家庭，尤其是小孩。某些后果是显而易见的。例如，晚饭时间推迟了。然而，这种转变对感情上的影响更为微妙。母亲们早上带着负疚感离开家，因为孩子放学回家时她们不能在家等候。她们压抑着负疚心理，因为相信从长远来看这份工作对大家都有利。她们的收入能够使家庭积攒起孩子的大学学费，让全家度一个更长的假期、买一辆新车，等等。3 孩子们在感情上所受到的影响是很大的。他们普遍感到受了伤害，有怨恨情绪。毕竟有好几个小时他们要独自呆在家里，而他们觉得母亲应该“在那儿”等着他们。他们也许会需要母亲帮他们完成家庭作业，或是想把一天里的活动说给母亲听。然而十分常见的情况是：母亲们回到家里已经疲惫不堪，又面临着一个紧迫的任务做饭。她们的首要任务是为全家人做晚饭，而不是放松地聊天。4 挂钥匙的孩子们的年龄从 6 岁到 13 岁不等。每天他们放学回家，用挂在自己脖子上的钥匙打开家门。然后就独自呆在安安静静、空空荡荡的房间里。对于某些孩子来说，这是一段属于他们自己的有所作为的时间，而对于另一些孩子来说则是令人恐惧的、孤独的空虚。为了安全的原因，许多父母不允许他们的孩子出去玩或是让别的孩子来家玩。因此这些孩子有一种被隔离的感觉。5 接受采访的挂钥匙的孩子们的反应不尽相同。一些孩子说每天有几个小时让他们独自呆在家里培养了或者说激发了他们的独立意识和责任感。他们觉得受到了关爱与信任，而且这种感觉增强了他们的自信心。（挂钥匙的）女孩子们通过观察母亲们如何对付家庭与工作中的难处而学习了职业母亲的行为榜样。有的孩子说，他们将这一自由自在无人照顾的时间用来提高自己的体育技能，如打篮球。还有一些孩子则看看书或是练练乐器。所有这些孩子都把他们放学后的这段自由时间看成是自我发展的机会。这段时间带给了他们积极的、富有成果的宝贵经历。6 与此相反，也有许多挂钥匙的孩子对于被迫以这种方式生活表现出不快、怨恨以及愤怒。不少孩子声称他们在幼小的年龄被赋予太多的责任，这是一个令人难以承受的负担。他们还是小孩，需要母亲的保护、鼓励与关怀。回到一个空荡荡的家令人失望孤独，还经常令人感到恐惧。他们有种被母亲所遗弃的感觉。毕竟，在他们看来，别的孩子大多数都有一个“正常”的家，母亲总是“在他们周围” ，而自己的母亲则总是不在家。许多孩子整个下午让电视机开着，天天如此，目的是为了减轻这种被隔离的感觉。还有，电视的声音能给他们带来一点安慰。他们常常就这样睡着了。7 由于经济上的需要，或是出于要得到自我满足感的坚强决心，或是两者兼而有之，挂钥匙的孩子这一现象在我们的社会中已变得很普遍。然而无论出于什么样的原因，这已经成为一个紧迫的、所有的家庭都必须应付的局面。做母亲的应不应该从事全日制工作已不应该是要提出的问题。考虑到现实状况，要提出的问题应该是：如何才能制定一个最佳方案来有效地应对这种局面。8 明智的做法是：对这种不可避免的变化，家庭的所有成员把自己的感受与担心坦率地说出来，并予以充分地讨论。要把许多因素都考虑到：孩子的个性与成熟程度，孩子独自在家的时间长短，居住区周围是否安全，以及出现紧急情况时能否得到救助。首要的是父母与孩子关系的融洽度。要让孩子们明白父母是爱他们的，这一点非常重要。孩子们感到有人爱护他们，这会赋予他们一种不可估量的情感力量，去成功地应付生活中出现的种种困难。ExercisesPost-ReadingReading Comprehension1 1 financial 2 career 3 later 4 guilty 5 hurt6 resentful 7 productive 8 independence 9 responsibility 10 trusted11 frightening 12 resentment 13 abandoned 14 factors 15 quality2 1 T 2 F 3 T 4 F 5 T 6 F 7 T 8 F3 SampleInourgroup,twoofuswerelatchkeychildren,twoweretakencareofbytheirgrandparents,and one was taken care of by his mother because his mother did not work. The two who were once latchkey children had felt very much the same as mentioned in the passage. They felt lonely and watched TV a lot. But compared with the other students in our group, they are more independent. So in a way, it is good to leave children alone at home for some time every day.Inourgroup,onlyonepersonwasoncealatchkeychild.Bothherparentswereworkingfaraway from home and she had to be on her own at home for most of the time on weekdays. The rest of us were taken care of either by our grandparents or by our parents. Every day when we came home after school, there was always someone there waiting for us and taking care of us. We could also go out and play with other children after we had finished our homework. But sometimes we did wish to be left alone so that we could spend the time as we wished.Iwasoncealatchkeychild.BothmyparentshadtoworknightshiftswhenIwasinelementary school. Every evening I did homework all by myself and then went to bed. I played computer games for a while if I finished my homework early. Sometimes I went to school before my parents came home. My parents knew that I could take good care of myself. They felt proud of me since I was so independent and did a good job at school. Sometimes they called me to make sure I was okay. I never felt lonely and was aware that my parents loved and cared for me. Weekends were precious time for all of us.Vocabulary1 Section A1 C 2 H 3 G 4 A 5 E 6 K 7 I 8 D 9 L 10 B 11 J 12 FSection B1 constantly 2 impact 3 burden 4 Candidly 5 fulfillment6 salaried 7 resentment 8 assistance 9 perfect 10 suppress2 1 successfully 2 resentment 3 security 4 necessity 5 advisable6 access / accessibility 7 athletic 8 maturity 9 emotional 10 effectivelyTranslation1 Because of an emergency, the doctor will not be available for several hours.2 How will taxes affect people with low incomes?3 My mother always told me that in the long run I would be glad I didnt give up practicing thepiano.4 The books range in price from $10 to $20.5 It seems to me that you dont have much choice.6 Given their inexperience, they have done quite a good job.7 For such a big house the price is fairly cheap / low, but you have to take into consideration themoney you will spend on maintenance and repairs.8 Can we begin by discussing questions / problems arising from the last meeting?After-Class Reading参考译文小偷1 他最早注意到那位年轻女子是在航空售票处排队的时候，她乌黑的头发在脑后紧紧地盘了个髻他想象着发髻松开来，头发一直落到她的腰际的样子她身穿皮衣，肩上挎着一个沉甸甸的黑色包。她脚上穿着一双软皮的黑靴子。他努力想看看她的脸她排在他的前面，但是一直到她买好票转身走的时候，他才发现她有多美：白皙的皮肤，黑黑的眼睛，饱满的双唇，她的美令他心跳加快。她似乎意识到了他在注视着她，马上垂下了目光。2 售票员打断了他。他不再盯着那女人，买了一张去东部某城市的双程经济舱机票，心里想着：那女子可能 25 岁左右。3 他的航班一个小时后才起飞。为了打发时间，他进了机场的一家鸡尾酒吧，要了一杯加水苏格兰威士忌。他一边呷着威士忌，一边观察着候机厅中穿梭的人流，其中好多在他看来是穿着时髦的未婚漂亮女子，然后他又看见了那位穿皮衣的黑发女子。她正站在旅客服务台附近，专心与一个金发女郎交谈，那女子穿了一件带有灰色皮毛的外套。不知怎么的，他想吸引这位深色头发的女子的注意 , 邀请她在飞往她要去的地方之前不管是哪儿一起喝一杯。然而，尽管他一度认为她在朝自己这边看，他却不能透过暮色中的酒吧，与她的目光相遇。一转眼的功夫那两位女子已分开了，没有一个朝他走来。他又要了一杯加水苏格兰威士忌。4 再见到她时，他正在买一份飞机上看的杂志，意识到有人在推自己。他先是吓了一跳：居然有人会靠近得碰到自己！但是当他看清是谁时，他挤出一个笑容。5 “这地方真拥挤！”他说。6 那女人抬头看看他她脸红了吧？她怪怪地撇了一下嘴角，但很快就恢复了正常。然后她离开他，汇入了候机厅的人流之中。7 那男人还拿着杂志站在柜台前，但当他伸手到裤子后兜掏钱包时，却发现兜已空了。我会在什么地方丢了钱包呢？他想。他在心中开始清点（钱包里的）信用卡、现金、会员证和身份证；一种类似恐惧的东西使他的胃剧烈翻腾起来。那个靠我非常近的女子，他在想他顿时明白了是她偷了自己的钱包。8 他该怎么办呢？他的机票还在，安全地藏在上衣的内兜里为了证实一下 , 他把手伸进夹克摸了摸装票的信封。他可以乘坐这个航班，到了目的地后，打电话叫人来接因为他连公共汽车票也买不起了然后办完事，就飞回家。但在这期间，他还得处理一下失窃的信用卡打电话回家，让妻子从桌子的第一个抽屉里找到号码，再打电话给信用卡公司这程序真费劲，整个事情都让人感到憋气。他该怎么办呢？9 首先：找到一个警察，告诉他所发生的事，向他描述那女人。该死的，他想，做出关注他的样子，如此地与他靠近，在和她说话时又脸红得如此迷人一直想的却是偷他的钱包。她脸红不是害羞的缘故，而是担心被抓住，那才是最叫人心烦的。骗人的家伙，都见鬼去吧。他会对警察略去这些细节只把她所做的事以及钱包里有些什么东西告诉警察。他咬牙切齿。他很可能再也见不到自己的钱包了。10 他正在犹豫是否应节省时间去跟 X 光仪器旁的警卫谈时，却吃惊地又极端高兴地看到了那位黑发女子。她正背靠着候机厅正面的一扇玻璃窗坐着，出租车和私家车在越来越暗的暮色中慢慢地从她身后驶过；她似乎正在专心看一本书。她旁边的位置是空的，他就过去坐了下来。11 “我一直在找你， ”他说。12 她瞥了他一眼，没有任何认识他的表情。 “我不认识你， ”她说。13 “你当然认识。 ”14 她叹了一口气，把书放在一边。 “你们这些人所能想的是不是就是结交我们这样的女子，把我们当成是迷途的动物？你以为我是干什么的？”15 “你掏走了我的钱包， ”他说。他很高兴自己用了“掏走” 。这听起来要比“偷走” ， “夺走” ，甚至“抢走”要老练得多。16 “你说什么？”那女子问道。17 “我知道你拿了就在杂志摊前。如果你把它还给我，我们可以把这整件事忘了。不然的话，我就将你交给警察。 ”18 她审视着他，表情严肃。 “好吧， ”她说。她把黑包提到膝上，手伸进去拿出了一个钱包。19 他接过了钱包。 “等一等， ”他说， “这不是我的。 ”20 那女孩跑了，他向她追去。就像电影里的场景一样：旁观者纷纷散开，那女孩为了避免碰撞左拐右拐。他的喘息声提醒他自己有多老了。然后他听到后面有个女人的声音在喊：21 “站住，小偷！抓住他！”22 他前面的黑发女人在一个拐角处消失了，同时，一位穿海军制服的年轻人伸出一条腿把他绊倒在地。他重重地摔倒了，膝盖和肘部磕在了候机厅的瓷砖地上，但依然紧紧地抓着那不属于他的钱包。23 这是个女式钱包，鼓鼓地塞满了钱和各大商店的信用卡，它是那位穿着带有灰色皮毛衣服的金发女郎的，就是他见过的当时正在与这位偷钱包的黑发女人交谈的那位。她也上气不接下气，跟她一起的警察也一样气喘吁吁的。24 “就是他， ”那女郎说道， “他拿走了我的钱包。 ”25 他此时才想到自己连向这位警察证明身份都不可能做到。26 两个星期后尴尬和气愤已经消了，家庭律师的费用付了，家中的混乱也平息了这时，却在早晨的邮件里发现了钱包，没有任何说明。它完好无损，一分钱也没丢，所有的卡都原封未动。虽然他松了一口气，但他认为在余生里，自己只要遇上警察就会有犯罪感，而在女人面前则会感到羞愧难当。PART 3 Further Development1 Vocabulary ReviewSTEP ONE1 A 2 B 3 A 4 A 5 A 6 C 7 C 8 A 9 C 10 BExplanations of the italicized words1 A having an important effect or influence, especially on what will happen in the futureB large enough to be noticeable or have noticeable effectsC having a special meaning that is not known to everyone2 A stop people from opposing the government, especially by using forceB stop yourself from showing your feelingsC stop sth. from being seen or known3 A do or become involved in an activityB attract sb.s attention and keep them interestedC employ sb. to do a particular job4 A feeling alone and unable to meet or speak to other peopleB happening only once or existing only in one placeC separate one person, group, or thing from other people or things5 A make sth. as good as you are able toB not having any mistakes, faults, or damageC a verb form expressing action completed prior to a fixed point of reference in time6 A fasten or tie sth. firmly in a particular positionB locked or guarded so that people cannot get in or out, or steal anythingC feeling confident and certain about a situation and not worried that it might change7 A push or put sth. into a small space, especially in a quick careless wayB the most important feature of sth.; sth. that sth. else is based on or is made fromC substances, materials, or groups of objects when you do not know what they are called, orit is not important to say exactly what they are8 A the place where you pay or are served in a shop, bank, restaurant, etc.B move, act, or respond so as to be in oppositionC opposite or with an opposite purpose9 A carry from a lower to a higher position; raiseB a machine or device designed to pick up, raise, or carry sth.C steal sth.10 A make sth. such as time, money, or workers available for sb.B prevent sb. from having to experience sth. difficult or unpleasantC not being used or extra to what is usually neededSTEP TWOSTEP THREE1 creates 2 individuals 3 makes 4 combination 5 however6 fall 7 responsible 8 which 9 difference 10 that11 tempted 12 used 13 lowest 14 died 15 reducing16 quick 17 reason 18 principle 19 minor 20 message2 Putting the Paragraphs in OrderSTEP ONEEBFCAGD3 GraffitiIs It Good or Bad?STEP ONESamplePolitical:We want work.End violence to women now!Tourists yes troops no.Ban the bomb.Funny:Pat John.Once I could never finish anything, but nowMickey Mouse is a rat. (This could also be politicala criticism of the whole Disney Empire.)Make love not warIm married, I do both. (This could also be political, but the latter halfmakes it funny.)Poetic:Roses are red, violets are blue, why cant black be beautiful too?Geography is everywhere. (This could be silly.)STEP TWOSampleshow“innocent”heartsandsignsoflovedesiretoexpressangeragainstsomeoneorsomethingexpressapoliticalorsocialmessagedesiretobedestructivemanifestboredomorfrustrationshowonestalentasagraffitiartist4 For or AgainstSampleFor:Theoriginalsandgoodsofhighqualityaretooexpensive,especiallyforlow-incomepeopleorstudents.Piratedproductsandfakeorinferiorgoodsaregoodforpromotionalpurposesbecausebooks, CDs, movies, tapes and famous brands will be available or known to more people. When they can afford them in their original state theyll surely buy them.Piratedproductsandfamousbrandshelptomaketheauthorsofthebooks,CDs,movies,or tapes, and the manufacturers better known or more popular.Against:Piratedproductsandfakegoodsareagainstthecopyrightlawandviolatetheintellectual property rights.Theauthors,publishersandmanufacturersarelikelytosufferbigfinanciallosses.Piracyandcounterfeitingencouragecheatingandshownorespectforotherpeopleswork.Piracyandcounterfeitinggiverisetoalargequantityoflow-qualityproductsandgoods,and therefore result in a waste of resources and human labor.Piracyandcounterfeitingdamageourcountrysimageandputourcountryinadisadvantageous position in international negotiations.PART 4 Translation and Writing2 Translation Practice1 孩子最好离开毒品一个报警者打来三个电话，报告毒品交易。他还对交易场所中小孩子的健康表示了忧虑。有两人被发现因吸入过量毒品而深度中毒，现场还发现大量使用过的注射器。屋内情况非常糟糕，孩子们立即得到了保护。2 在逃武装抢劫犯落入法网四名武装抢劫犯在逃离现场时，开枪打伤一名警察。警察抓住了两名罪犯，但是不能确认另外两名逃犯的身份。打进报警热线的一个电话准确、详细描述了这起事件及其中一个逃犯。不久，一名男子被抓获，