从奈达的等值理论看商务英语词典的翻译硕士学位论文.doc

学校代码：10254 密级： 论文编号：上海海事大学SHANGHAI MARITIME UNIVERSITY硕士学位论文MASTER DISSERTATION 论文题目： 从奈达的等值理论看商务英语词典的翻译 学位专业： 外国语言学及应用语言学 毕业设计（论文）原创性声明和使用授权说明原创性声明本人郑重承诺：所呈交的毕业设计（论文），是我个人在指导教师的指导下进行的研究工作及取得的成果。尽我所知，除文中特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或组织已经发表或公布过的研究成果，也不包含我为获得 及其它教育机构的学位或学历而使用过的材料。对本研究提供过帮助和做出过贡献的个人或集体，均已在文中作了明确的说明并表示了谢意。矚慫润厲钐瘗睞枥庑赖。作 者 签 名： 日 期： 指导教师签名： 日期： 使用授权说明本人完全了解 大学关于收集、保存、使用毕业设计（论文）的规定，即：按照学校要求提交毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版本；学校有权保存毕业设计（论文）的印刷本和电子版，并提供目录检索与阅览服务；学校可以采用影印、缩印、数字化或其它复制手段保存论文；在不以赢利为目的前提下，学校可以公布论文的部分或全部内容。聞創沟燴鐺險爱氇谴净。作者签名： 日 期： 学位论文原创性声明本人郑重声明：所呈交的论文是本人在导师的指导下独立进行研究所取得的研究成果。除了文中特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。对本文的研究做出重要贡献的个人和集体，均已在文中以明确方式标明。本人完全意识到本声明的法律后果由本人承担。残骛楼諍锩瀨濟溆塹籟。作者签名： 日期： 年 月 日学位论文版权使用授权书本学位论文作者完全了解学校有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，同意学校保留并向国家有关部门或机构送交论文的复印件和电子版，允许论文被查阅和借阅。本人授权 大学可以将本学位论文的全部或部分内容编入有关数据库进行检索，可以采用影印、缩印或扫描等复制手段保存和汇编本学位论文。酽锕极額閉镇桧猪訣锥。涉密论文按学校规定处理。作者签名：日期： 年 月 日导师签名： 日期： 年 月 日指导教师评阅书指导教师评价：一、撰写（设计）过程1、学生在论文（设计）过程中的治学态度、工作精神 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、学生掌握专业知识、技能的扎实程度 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、学生综合运用所学知识和专业技能分析和解决问题的能力 优 良 中 及格 不及格4、研究方法的科学性；技术线路的可行性；设计方案的合理性 优 良 中 及格 不及格5、完成毕业论文（设计）期间的出勤情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格三、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格建议成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格（在所选等级前的内画“”）指导教师： （签名） 单位： （盖章）年 月 日评阅教师评阅书评阅教师评价：一、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格建议成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格（在所选等级前的内画“”）评阅教师： （签名） 单位： （盖章）年 月 日教研室（或答辩小组）及教学系意见教研室（或答辩小组）评价：一、答辩过程1、毕业论文（设计）的基本要点和见解的叙述情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、对答辩问题的反应、理解、表达情况 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、学生答辩过程中的精神状态 优 良 中 及格 不及格二、论文（设计）质量1、论文（设计）的整体结构是否符合撰写规范？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、是否完成指定的论文（设计）任务（包括装订及附件）？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格三、论文（设计）水平1、论文（设计）的理论意义或对解决实际问题的指导意义 优 良 中 及格 不及格2、论文的观念是否有新意？设计是否有创意？ 优 良 中 及格 不及格3、论文（设计说明书）所体现的整体水平 优 良 中 及格 不及格评定成绩： 优 良 中 及格 不及格（在所选等级前的内画“”）教研室主任（或答辩小组组长）： （签名）年 月 日教学系意见：系主任： （签名）年 月 日On Translation of Business English Dictionaries from Perspective of Nidas Theory of Equivalence彈贸摄尔霁毙攬砖卤庑。ByWang MinglongUnder the Supervision of Professor Weng FengxiangA Thesis Submitted to the College of Foreign Language of 謀荞抟箧飆鐸怼类蒋薔。Shanghai Maritime Universityin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the MA Degree Shanghai Maritime UniversityMay, 2009论文独创性声明本论文是我个人在导师指导下进行的研究工作及取得的研究成果。论文中除了特别加以标注和致谢的地方外，不包含其他人或其他机构已经发表或撰写过的研究成果。其他同志对本研究的启发和所做出的贡献均已在论文中作了明确的声明并表示了谢意。厦礴恳蹒骈時盡继價骚。作者签名：_ 日期：_论文使用授权说明本人同意上海海事大学有关保留、使用学位论文的规定，即：学校有权保留送交论文复印件，允许论文被查阅和借阅；学校可以上网公布论文的全部或部分内容，可以采用影印、缩印或者其它复制手段保存论文。保密的论文在解密后遵守此规定。茕桢广鳓鯡选块网羈泪。作者签名：_导师签名：_日期：_4摘 要英汉、汉英贸易词典属于专业双语词典，旨在满足读者在对外经贸活动中语言与知识方面的需求。随着世界经济一体化进程的不断加快和我国“入世”，中外读者对于作为世界贸易活动中的工作语言英语和汉语的双语辞书英汉、汉英贸易词典的需求日益迫切，对其翻译质量的要求也不断提高。鹅娅尽損鹌惨歷茏鴛賴。 一本优秀的商务词典不仅仅要有准确的释义和一定的例证，它一定也是一部商务英语翻译的典范，能为潜在的读者提供足够的商务英语信息，帮助他们准确无误地掌握商务词汇的意义，适时传达词汇的语用信息，语法信息，从而有利于读者使之恰当地运用于商务活动之中。对双语词典的翻译的研究由来已久，可目前对英汉商务英语词典的研究可谓凤毛麟角。首先，不少学者认为，英汉商务英语词典隶属双语词典，与双语词典的翻译研究相比其本身不具备研究价值，也就是说如果对双语词典的翻译研究有突破，那么商务英语双语词典的翻译问题也就迎刃而解了。由此可以看出学者们对英汉商务英语双解词典翻译的重视程度不够。其二，商务英语词典的翻译也可以划到商务英语翻译之中，因此有些学者认为对商务英语翻译的研究也就包含了对商务英语词典翻译的研究。殊不知商务英语词典的翻译恰恰是商务英语翻译与词典翻译相结合的产物，对其翻译的研究需要两者紧密有机地结合，这样才能体现出商务英语词典翻译的特色，同时也能为读者带来实惠。因此我们可以说目前对英汉商务英语词典的翻译研究还处于起步阶段，英汉商务英语词典翻译中出现的新问题还亟待探讨和解决。针对目前英汉商务英语词典翻译中存在的问题，本人在对商务英语翻译研究和词典翻译研究的基础之上，结合商务英语翻译的特点和词典翻译的特殊性，以及目前已出版的各类英汉商务英语词典的研究，提出自己对英汉商务英语词典翻译的一些观点，希望能对今后英汉商务英语词典翻译工作起到一定的帮助。籟丛妈羥为贍偾蛏练淨。 本文共四个部分。第一部分主要回顾了词典翻译和商务英语翻译研究的发展状况，同时讨论了奈达的等值理论在词典翻译中的作用。第二部分主要研究了商务英语词典的翻译，重点讨论了词典翻译与文学翻译的异同。第三部分主要分析了商务英语翻译的特点以及等值理论在商务英语翻译的体现。第四部分主要讨论了等值理论在商务英语词典翻译中的应用，并探讨了商务英语词典翻译的方法、标准等。預頌圣鉉儐歲龈讶骅籴。 本文的创新点：第一，结合现已出版的商务英语词典中具体翻译实例论证了商务英语词典翻译的原则方法。第二，实现了商务英语翻译与词典翻译以及等值翻译理论的有机结合。第三，突出了商务英语词典的翻译与一般语文双语词典翻译的差异。渗釤呛俨匀谔鱉调硯錦。 关键词：商务英语， 双语词典， 等值， 翻译AbstractEnglish-Chinese dictionary, which belongs to the category of professional bilingual dictionary, is designed to meet the needs of readers in business world in aspects of both language and business knowledge. With Chinas entry into the WTO and the accelerating rate of integration of the worlds economy, Chinese readers in the worlds trading activities have a pressing demand for the English-Chinese bilingual business dictionary, and the request for improving translation quality is also rising.铙誅卧泻噦圣骋贶頂廡。An excellent English-Chinese bilingual dictionary must not only provide an accurate definition and illustration but also serve as an example of translation. It should help readers to grasp the meaning of business words and to convey the pragmatic and grammatical information contained in these words so as to facilitate the proper use of the words in business activities. Study of the translation of dictionaries has been for so long, but there has been little time devoted to the study of the translation of BE dictionaries. Many scholars think that English-Chinese business dictionaries are part of bilingual dictionaries and there is little value to do such a research compared with that of a bilingual dictionary. Namely, if a breakthrough is made in the research of a bilingual dictionary, the problems concerning the translation of a BE dictionary can be readily solved. Thus it can be seen that scholars have not attached due importance to the translation of a BE dictionary. The second reason for this negligence is that the translation of a BE dictionary can be put under the category of the translation of BE. Therefore, some scholars take it for granted that the study of the translation of BE covers all the research area of the translation of BE dictionaries regardless of the fact that the translation of BE dictionaries is the product of the combination of the study of the translation of BE and that of the translation of dictionaries. Consequently, it is self-evident that only by integrating the study of the translation of BE with that of the translation of dictionaries can the characteristics of the translation of BE dictionaries be represented and tangible benefits be brought to readers. So it can be safely concluded that the study of the translation of BE dictionaries has so far been at its initial stage and many new problems regarding the translation of BE dictionaries have remained to be solved immediately. In view of the current problems in the translation of BE dictionaries and the particularities of the translation of BE and dictionaries, and based on the research I have made , some suggestions concerning the issue are put forward for the purpose of rendering some help to solution to these problems.擁締凤袜备訊顎轮烂蔷。This thesis mainly falls into four parts: First, an overall review of the status quo of the research in the field of the translation of BE and that of dictionaries, and at the same time, Nidas theory of Equivalence is introduced and some discussions about its role in the translation of a dictionary are carried out. Second, the research into the translation of dictionaries is initiated, focusing on the similarities and differences between the translation of dictionaries and that of literature. Next, a detailed analysis of the distinguishing features of the translation of BE is made and the embodiment of the theory of Equivalence in the translation of BE is discussed. In the last part, the most important part of this thesis, a discussion about the application of the theory of Equivalence to the translation of BE dictionaries is carried out and the means and criteria for doing the translation of BE dictionaries are investigated.贓熱俣阃歲匱阊邺镓騷。Innovations about this thesis: First, it demonstrates the principles and means governing the translation of BE dictionaries by means of incorporating the real examples from the currently published BE dictionaries into the thesis. Second, it approaches a realization of the integration of the translation of BE with that of dictionaries. Third, it highlights the differences and similarities between the translations of BE dictionaries and that of an ordinary philological dictionary. 坛摶乡囂忏蒌鍥铃氈淚。Key words: Business English, Bilingual dictionary, Equivalence, Translation蜡變黲癟報伥铉锚鈰赘。AcknowledgementsIn the first place, I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to all who have helped me out of the predicaments I once bogged down in when I commenced the writing of this thesis. Without these helps, it would be impossible for me to proceed to finish this seemingly formidable task at one stroke.買鲷鴯譖昙膚遙闫撷凄。Also, I feel much indebted to my supervisor-Prof.Weng Fengxiang, for his unremitting instructions and pertinent remarks I received during the past two years, which proves to be of much help to finalize this thesis, and for his encouragement, which makes this almost impossible task possible.綾镝鯛駕櫬鹕踪韦辚糴。My thanks also go to my classmates, whose witty remarks sometimes sparkle my thought and open my horizon. Their kind and timely help surely makes this thesis better than it would have been.驅踬髏彦浃绥譎饴憂锦。I also want to give my sincere gratitude to all the teachers in these two years of my postgraduate study. This thesis is no doubt an accumulation of knowledge I have learned from the courses and their lectures of course inspired me a lot in ways of thinking.猫虿驢绘燈鮒诛髅貺庑。Finally, I would like to mention my family, who unswervingly help me through all the difficulties in my life and consequently leave me enough time to engage in this thesis.锹籁饗迳琐筆襖鸥娅薔。Contents摘 要I構氽頑黉碩饨荠龈话骛。AbstractIII輒峄陽檉簖疖網儂號泶。AcknowledgementsV尧侧閆繭絳闕绚勵蜆贅。ContentsVI识饒鎂錕缢灩筧嚌俨淒。Introduction1凍鈹鋨劳臘锴痫婦胫籴。Chapter One Introduction4恥諤銪灭萦欢煬鞏鹜錦。1.1 Definitions of Equivalence4鯊腎鑰诎褳鉀沩懼統庫。1.2 Development of Equivalence And Its Relations with Tranlation of a BE Dictionary5硕癘鄴颃诌攆檸攜驤蔹。1.3 Status Quo of the Translation of BE Bilingual Dictionaries10阌擻輳嬪諫迁择楨秘騖。1.3.1 Development of the Translation of Bilingual Dictionaries10氬嚕躑竄贸恳彈瀘颔澩。1.3.1.1 Development of the Compilation of Bilingual Dictionaries10釷鹆資贏車贖孙滅獅赘。1.3.1.2 Development of Chinese Bilingual Dictionaries12怂阐譜鯪迳導嘯畫長凉。1.3.2 Development of BE Translation15谚辞調担鈧谄动禪泻類。1.3.3 The Status Quo of Translation of BE Dictionaries17嘰觐詿缧铴嗫偽純铪锩。Chapter Two Translation of General E-C Bilingual Dictionaries21熒绐譏钲鏌觶鷹緇機库。2.1 Features of E-C Bilingual Dictionaries21鶼渍螻偉阅劍鲰腎邏蘞。2.1.1 Development of Bilingual Dictionaries21纣忧蔣氳頑莶驅藥悯骛。2.1.2 Bilingual Dictionaries vs. Monolingual Dictionaries22颖刍莖蛺饽亿顿裊赔泷。2.1.3 Characteristics of Bilingual Dictionaries23濫驂膽閉驟羥闈詔寢賻。2.1.4 Special Features of Translation of Bilingual Dictionaries (BD)24銚銻縵哜鳗鸿锓謎諏涼。2.2 BD Translation and Literature Translation25挤貼綬电麥结鈺贖哓类。2.3 The Equivalence Principle in Dictionary Translation30赔荊紳谘侖驟辽輩袜錈。2.3.1 Equivalence in Function31塤礙籟馐决穩賽釙冊庫。2.3.2 Equivalence in Semantics32裊樣祕廬廂颤谚鍘羋蔺。2.3.3 Equivalence in Form33仓嫗盤紲嘱珑詁鍬齊驁。2.3.4 Equivalence in Pragmatic Approach35绽萬璉轆娛閬蛏鬮绾瀧。2.3.5 Equivalence in Markedness37骁顾燁鶚巯瀆蕪領鲡赙。2.3.6 Equivalence in Rhetoric38瑣钋濺暧惲锟缟馭篩凉。2.3.7 Equivalence in Cultural Information38鎦诗涇艳损楼紲鯗餳類。2.3.8 Equivalence in Effect39栉缏歐锄棗鈕种鵑瑶锬。Chapter Three BE Translation42辔烨棟剛殓攬瑤丽阄应。3.1 Characteristics of Business English42峴扬斕滾澗辐滠兴渙藺。3.1.1 The Relatively Fixed Pattern42詩叁撻訥烬忧毀厉鋨骜。3.1.2 Conciseness43则鯤愜韋瘓賈晖园栋泷。3.1.3The Complex Structure of Sentence44胀鏝彈奥秘孫戶孪钇賻。3.1.4 The Lexical Features of Business English45鳃躋峽祷紉诵帮废掃減。3.1.5 Sense of Purpose48稟虛嬪赈维哜妝扩踴粜。3.1.6 Social Aspects48陽簍埡鲑罷規呜旧岿錟。3.1.7 Clear Communication49沩氣嘮戇苌鑿鑿槠谔應。3.2 Application of Equivalence Theory to BE Translation49钡嵐縣緱虜荣产涛團蔺。3.2.1 Basic Criteria for BE Translation49懨俠劑鈍触乐鹇烬觶騮。3.2.2 Equivalence in Meaning in Business English Translation52謾饱兗争詣繚鮐癞别瀘。3.2.2.1 Equivalence at Lexical Level52呙铉們欤谦鸪饺竞荡赚。3.2.2.2 Equivalence at Syntactic Level54莹谐龌蕲賞组靄绉嚴减。3.2.2.3 Equivalence at Discourse Level56麸肃鹏镟轿騍镣缚縟糶。3.2.3 Equivalence in Style58納畴鳗吶鄖禎銣腻鰲锬。3.2.3.1 At the Word Level58風撵鲔貓铁频钙蓟纠庙。3.2.3.2 At Syntactic Level58灭嗳骇諗鋅猎輛觏馊藹。3.2.3.3 At Discourse Level60铹鸝饷飾镡閌赀诨癱骝。3.3 Suggested Principles for BE Translation62攙閿频嵘陣澇諗谴隴泸。3.3.1 Accuracy62趕輾雏纨颗锊讨跃满賺。3.3.2 Professionalism65夹覡闾辁駁档驀迁锬減。3.3.3 Conventionalization67视絀镘鸸鲚鐘脑钧欖粝。Chapter Four Translation of BE Dictionaries69偽澀锟攢鴛擋緬铹鈞錠。4.1 Features of E-C Dictionaries of BE69緦徑铫膾龋轿级镗挢廟。4.1.1 Headwords69騅憑钶銘侥张礫阵轸蔼。4.1.2 Examples71疠骐錾农剎貯狱颢幗騮。4.1.3 Users and Compilers72镞锊过润启婭澗骆讕瀘。4.1.4 Publication72榿贰轲誊壟该槛鲻垲赛。4.2 Suggested Criteria for the Translation of E-C Business Dictionaries73邁茑赚陉宾呗擷鹪讼凑。4.2.1 Principle of Accuracy74嵝硖贪塒廩袞悯倉華糲。4.2.2 Principle of normativeness and idiomaticity76该栎谖碼戆沖巋鳧薩锭。4.2.3 Fidelity76劇妆诨貰攖苹埘呂仑庙。4.2.4 Readability78臠龍讹驄桠业變墊罗蘄。4.2.6 Practicability79鰻順褛悦漚縫冁屜鸭骞。4.3 Application of Equivalence Theory to the Translation of BE Dictionaries79穑釓虚绺滟鳗絲懷紓泺。4.3.1 Equivalence in the Translation of Headwords80隶誆荧鉴獫纲鴣攣駘賽。4.3.1.1 Types of Equivalents in the Translation of Headwords in E-C Business Dictionaries80浹繢腻叢着駕骠構砀湊。4.3.1.2 Comparison between Translational & Explanatory Equivalents84鈀燭罚櫝箋礱颼畢韫粝。4.3.1.3 Equivalence in the Translation of Culture-loaded Words86惬執缉蘿绅颀阳灣熗鍵。4.3.1.4 Equivalence in the Translation of New Words90贞廈给鏌綞牵鎮獵鎦龐。4.3.1.4.1 The Formation of New Words91嚌鲭级厨胀鑲铟礦毁蕲。4.3.1.5.2 Translation of New words93薊镔竖牍熒浹醬籬铃騫。4.3.2 Equivalence in the Translation of Illustrative Examples95齡践砚语蜗铸转絹攤濼。4.3.2.1 Equivalence from the Aspects of Semantics95绅薮疮颧訝标販繯轅赛。4.3.2.2 Equivalence from Aspects of Grammar97饪箩狞屬诺釙诬苧径凛。4.3.2.3 Equivalence from Aspects of Sentence Structure98烴毙潜籬賢擔視蠶贲粵。4.4 Methods of Providing Equivalents99鋝岂涛軌跃轮莳講嫗键。4.4.1 Translational Defining Method99撷伪氢鱧轍幂聹諛詼庞。4.4.2 Explanatory Defining Method100踪飯梦掺钓貞绫賁发蘄。Conclusion103婭鑠机职銦夾簣軒蚀骞。Bibliography105譽諶掺铒锭试监鄺儕泻。- 114 -IntroductionThe emergency of business English is both the outcome of social development and the English language itself. In the age of Knowledge Economy of the 21st century, business English has shown its overwhelming importance. It has been widely used in the international communication. For Chinese businessmen, English is not their mother tongue and the need to do translation is conspicuous when they do business with their counterparts who come from English-speaking countries. 俦聹执償閏号燴鈿膽賾。In Chinas academic circles, more and more scholars have devoted much time to looking into translation, intending to establish a discipline called Translatology. Yet, their focuses are always directed at the translation of literature, which has been an indisputable fact over many decades. Nevertheless, with the deepening of globalization of world economy, the translation of business English has become necessary and urgent. However, E-C business dictionaries have not enjoyed its deserved status. The problems are of two types: First, many scholars think that English-Chinese business dictionaries are part of bilingual dictionaries and there was little value to do such a research compared with that of a bilingual dictionary. Namely, if a breakthrough is made in the research of a bilingual dictionary, the problems concerning the translation of a BE dictionary can be readily solved. Thus it can be seen that scholars have not attached due importance to the translation of a BE dictionary. The second reason for this negligence is that the translation of a BE dictionary can be put under the category of the translation of BE. Therefore, some scholars take it for granted that the study of the translation of BE covers all the research area of the translation of BE dictionaries regardless of the fact that the translation of BE dictionaries is the product of the combination of the study of the translation of BE and that of the translation of dictionaries.缜電怅淺靓蠐浅錒鵬凜。The importance of this studyWith Chinas entry into the WTO and the accelerating economic development and rapidly increased international trade with foreign countries, the need to communicate effectively and accurately with their business partners becomes so urgent that business English-the working language in the world, soon projects itself as the most important part never seen in the world arena before. But to effectively learn the language and to correctly and accurately use them in business inevitably require a basic knowledge of international business, which sometimes can not be readily got through consulting a common philological dictionary. What is more, there are many technological terms which can not be found in such a dictionary, let alone helping readers thoroughly understand the meaning and grasp the usage of these words. An excellent BE dictionary should not only provide the readers with the necessary information about t