高考英语阅读课.ppt

2014届高三英语专题复习 阅读理解 高考阅读理解常见题型 A Mainideas B Guessthemeaning C Details D Inference judgment 主旨大意题 MainIdeas主旨大意类题型主要测试学生对文章全面理解和概括的能力 提问的内容可能是全文的大意 也可能是某段的段落大意 一般不易在文中直接找到答案 Readingtodogsisanunusualwaytohelpchildrenimprovetheirliteracyskills 读写能力 Withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence 自信心 accordingtoIntermountainTherapyAnimals ITA inSaltLakeCity Thegroupsaysitisthefirstprograminthecountrytousedogstohelpdevelopliteracyinchildren withtheintroductionofReadingEducationAssistanceDogs READ TheSaltLakeCityPublicLibraryissoldontheidea Literacyspecialistsadmitthatchildrenwhoreadbelowtheleveloftheirfellowpupilsareoftenafraidofreadingaloudinagroup oftenhavelowerself respect andregardreadingasaheadache saidLisaMyron managerofthechildren sdepartment LastNovemberthetwogroupsstarted DogDayAfternoon inthechildren sdepartmentofthemainlibrary About25childrenattendedeachofthefourSaturday afternoonclasses readingforhalfanhour Thosewhoattendedthreeofthefourclassesreceiveda pawgraphed bookatthelastclass TheprogramwassosuccessfulthatthelibraryplanstorepeatitinApril accordingtoDanaThumpowsky publicrelationsmanager Exampleandsuccessoftheprogram 59 Whatismainlydiscussedinthetext A Children sreadingdifficulties B Advantagesofraisingdogs C Serviceinapubliclibrary D Aspecialreadingprogram 高考题重现 方法指导 1 确定主题句 如 forexample first second 等之前的句子中或者 allinall aboveall 等之后的句子后 2 文章 着墨 最多的点即文章的主旨意 Return Howtofindthetopicsentences Featuresofthetopicsentences 1 相对于其他句子 它表达的意思比较概括 2 主题句一般结构简单 3 段落中其他句子必定是用来解释 支撑或发展相互题句所表达的思想的 Example1Peoplehavedifferenttastesinfood Somefeelthattheyhaven teatenamealunlesstheyhavehadsteakorotherredmeat Somepreferchickenorfishandeatoneortheotherateverymeal Othersprefervegetablesandfruitsorgrainsandwouldenjoyamealofspaghetti eggplant andfreshfruit Otherscouldliveonwhatwerecalledfast foods ahamburgerorhotdog Frenchfriesandasoftdrink 1 主题句在段首一个主题句常常是一个段落的开头 其后的句子则是论证性细节 练中学 练中学 Example2Somestudentspreferastrictteacherwhotellsthemexactlywhattodo Othersprefertobelefttoworkontheirown Stillotherslikeademocraticdiscussiontypeofclass Nooneteachingmethodcanbedevisedtosatisfyallstudentsatthesametime 2 主题句也会出现在段尾 作者先摆出事实依据 层层推理论证 最后自然得出结论 即段落的主题 Example3Nothingisasusefulasaflashlightonadarknightifatiregoesflat Fewinventionsaresohelpfultoachildwhoisafraidofthedark Infact themodernflashlightbringslighttomanydarksituations Findingsomethinginthebackofaclosetiseasywithaflashlightinhand Acamperalsoneedsoneafterthelightofthecampfirehasbeenout 3 在短文中间主题句也可以安排在段中间 此时前面只提出问题 文中的主题由其后陈述的细节或合乎逻辑的引申在文中导出 然后再作进一步的解释 支持或发展 练中学 如何考 1 Whatisthetopicofthetext NMET 93 2 Thetextismainlyabout NMET 95 3 What sthemainpointthewriteristryingtomakeinthelastparagraph NMET 98 4 Whatwouldbethebesttitleforthetext 2004全国 I Englishisclearlyaninternationallanguage Itisspokenbypilotsandairportcontroloperatorsonalltheairwaysoftheworld Over70percentoftheworld sradioprogramsareinEnglish 本段主题句为首句 其后的内容均说明首句 Pleasefindoutthekeysentenceofthefollowingpassages 巩固练习 II JustasIsettledowntoreadorwatchtelevision hedemandsthatIplaywithhim IfIgetatelephonecall hescreamsinthebackgroundorknockssomethingover Ialwayshavetohanguptofindoutwhat swrongwithhim Baby sittingwithmylittlebrotherisnofun Herefusestoletmeeatasnackinpeace UsuallyhewantshalfofwhateverIhavetoeat Then whenhefinallygrowstired ittakesaboutanhourforhimtofallasleep 有时段落是先介绍背景和细节 接着用一句综合或概括性的话概括前面所说的内容或事例 然后再围绕主题展开对有关问题的深入讨论 ALittleGame 脑筋急转弯 1 Whichtravelsfaster heatorcold Heat Becauseyoucancatchacold 2 WheredoesFridaycomebeforeThursday Inthedictionary 3 It syours butothersuseitmorethanyoudo Whatisit Yourname 猜测词义题 Guessthemeaning 在阅读中常要求学生猜测某些单词或短语的意思 词义的猜测贯穿在文章的阅读理解之中 历年高考中均有此类题目 方法指导 高考题重现 Thewholefamilyhadexperiencedsuchastormbeforeandeveryonerememberedthedamageithadcausedtostockandcrops Therewasverylittlewecoulddoaboutthecorps Butweneededtoprotecttheanimalsincasetheriverfloodedagain Myolderbrothercalledhissheep dogandbegandrivingoursmallflockofsheeptohighergroundaboveriver Iftheriverflooded theyshouldbesafethere 58 Theunderlinedword stock inthethirdparagraphrefersto A moneyownedbythefamilyB goodsforsaleC suppliesforfamilyuseD farmanimals 06江西卷 1 上下文 Theherdsman wholooksaftersheep earnsabout650yuanayear 2 定义法 定义或释义关系常由定语从句或由is or thatis tosay inotherwords becalled beknownas bedefinedas等词汇或破折号来表示 小结 牧人 练中学 Withtheirshiningbrowneyes waggingtails andunconditionallove dogscanprovidethenonjudgmentallistenersneededforabeginningreadertogainconfidence 2003NMET unconditional nonjudgmental 无条件的 绝对的 没有判断力的 3 根据构词法 合成 派生 前缀 后缀 转化等 练中学 disinmisunnon 否定前缀 recominioversuperprepostviceentele 其它前缀 重复 共同 平等 小 过度 超出 后 副的 使 可能 远程 前 常用前缀 嫁妆 Inolddays whengirlsfromrichfamiliesweremarriedtotheirhusbands theyexpectedtobringwiththemselvesalargequantityofdowry 练中学 4 生活常识 5 根据同义词 反义词关系 Ifyouagree write Yes ifyoudissent write No and or suchas like forexample forinstance常连接同义词组 小结 disagree 练中学 6 根据同位语 语言学 3 AlexanderGrahamBellwasbornin1874inEdinburgh Scotland Hisfatherwasanexpertinphonetics thestudyofthesoundsoflanguage 练中学 Shedidnothearwhatyousaidbecauseshewascompletelyengrossedinherreading 7 根据因果关系 小结 belostin 常用关联词 如because as since for so thus asaresult so so that such thattherefore等 表示前因后果 练中学 8 根据对比和转折关系 Althoughtheearlymorninghadbeenverycool thenoondaysunwastropical 表转折关系的词常有如but while however insteadof ratherthan unlike yet otherwise thoughonthecontrary等 小结 hot 练中学 如何考 1 Theunderlinedphrase inheritabletrait inparagraph2means 2006天津 2 Bydescribinglionsas opportunists inthefirstparagraph theauthormeanstosaythatlions 2006安徽 3 Theunderlinedword this refersto 2006浙江 4 Theunderlinedword land inthelastparagraphprobablymeans 04全国 事实细节题 Details即常见的 wh 问题 它们大多是根据文章中的具体信息如事实 例证 原因 过程 论述等进行提问的 有些问题可以在文章中直接找到答案 有些则要在理解的基础上将有关内容系统化才能找到 比如计算 排序 是非判断 图形比较等 AgiantdamwasbuiltmanyyearsagotocontroltheColoradoRiverintheU S Thisdamwasbuilttoprotectthelandandhousesaroundtheriver ThishugedamisintheBlackCanyon Itispossibletodriveacarfromonesideoftherivertotheotheronaroad whichisonthetopofthedam Thisdamissobigthatthereisanelevatorinside Theelevatorgoesdownforty fourstoriesfromtheroadtothebottom ThereisenoughconcreteinthisdamtobuildahighwayfromNewYorktoSanFrancisco Thousandsofpeopleworkedonthisdamforfiveyears ThishugedamwascalledBoulderDamwhenitwasfinishedin1936 LateritwasrenamedHooverDaminhonorofapresidentoftheUnitedStates HooverDam oneofthehighestdamsintheworld issituatedbetweenthestatesofArizonaandNevada Q WheredoesHooverDamlie A betweenArizonaandNevadaB intheBlackCanyon C betweenNewYorkandSanFranciscoD bothAandB 在解答这类问题时要求抓住题干文字信息 采用针对性方法进行阅读 高考题重现 方法指导 1 明确题意 顺藤摸瓜 2 按照要求 寻找答案来源 3 找准关键词 明白其暗示作用 4 多读原文 正确使用排除法 return 如何考 1 Whichofthefollowingistrue false mentioned 2 Whatdoesthewriterpayleastattentionto 3 Choosetherightorderoftheeventsgiveninthepassage 4 Allofthefollowingstatementsmaybetrueexcept 5 Whichofthefollowingisnottheresultof InvitedbyMr YeHuixian hostofthewellreceivedTVprogramme StarsTonight MissLuoLin MissAsiaof1991 appearedastheguesthostessontheShanghaiTVscreenlastSunday BorninShanghaiandtakentoHongKongwhenshewasonlysixyearsold LuoLinhasneverdreamedofbeingMissAsia Herchildhooddreamwastobeanairhostess Beforeshetookpartinthecompetition shehadbeenanairhostessinCathayAirlineforsevenyears However itstilltookherthreemonthstolearntheartofwalkingonthestage dancing singing making upandotherpropermanners designedbytheAsiaTVStation It sreallyahardjobforme Iwon tenterforsuchcompetitionanymore Anyhow Iamquitelucky IamalsogladtohavehadmorechancetoworkforthesocialwelfaresinceIwonthetitle Thistime inShanghai I dlovetomakeadeepimpressiononmyTVaudience saidLuoLinwithasweetsmile Q WhichofthefollowingisNOTtrue A LuoLinisanativeofShanghai B LuoLinmovedtoHongKongwithherparents C LuoLinwonthetitleofMissAsiain1991 D AsiaTVStationhelpedLuoLintobecomeMissAsia 练中学 推测判断题 Judgement 纵观全文 在掌握各项信息的基础上进行正确的逻辑推理 推断作者的意图 人物的动机 目的 性格特征 事件的前因后果 语言中的语气等 Onedayamanwalkedintoapetshopandsaidtotheshopassistant Ineedtwosmallmiceandaboutfivedozenroaches 蟑螂 andtwospiders Whatdoyouneedthesethingsfor theshopassistantwasverysurprised Well repliedtheman I mmovingoutofmyapartmentandthelandlordinsiststhatIshouldleavethehouseinexactlythesameconditionasIfoundit Q Thepassagesuggeststhatwhenthewritermovedintothehouse itwas A veryclean B justcleanedbythelandlord C tidyandcomfortableD dirtyandfullofinsects 高考题重现 方法指导 A 利用已知信息 进行逻辑推理B 结合一般常识 分析提供信息C 注意表层意思 悟出深层含义在做判断推理题时 应选择 全面而不笼统 具体而不片面 的答案 而就事论事以及含有绝对单词的结论一般都是错误的 return 如何考 1 FromthetextweknowthatDagmarismostlikely NMET 96 2 Whichofthefollowingmighthavehappenedafterwards NMET 91 3 Thistextismostprobablytakenfroma NMET94 4 Inthewriter sopinion agoodstageschoolshould NMET 99 5 Thistextmostprobablyappearsin 2004全国 Daylightsavingtime DST hasbeenintroducedthissummerThisyearDSTbeganonMay4 Butnextyear SummerTime willbeginonthefirstSundayinApril Clocksandothertimepiecesweresetaheadonehourat2 00AMonSunday May4sothat2 00AMbecame3 00AM Theyshouldturnbackonehourat2 00AMonSunday September14 Thenewtimeisexpectedtosaveoneandahalfbillionkilowatthours 千瓦小时 ofelectricityperyearacrossthecountry Thenewsystemcouldalsohelppeopleformthegoodhabitofgettingupandgoingtobedearly thusraisingtheirworkandstudyefficiency 效率 DuringtheDSTperiod theactualdeparture 发车 timeoftrainsremainsunchanged buttheirscheduleshavebeensetonehourlate Q Accordingtothepassage weknowthat peopleshouldturntheirclocksbackonehourthatyear A in132daysB in133daysC in134daysD in4months 解析 应根据基本的日历常识来进行推算 5月剩27天 6月30天 7月31天 8月31天 9月14天 即