7 wonders of world 世界.ppt

SEVENWONDERSOFTHEWORLD PRESENTEDBY THESEVENWONDERSOFTHEANCIENTWORLD AlthoughmostpeopleknowthatalistexistsoftheSevenWorldWonders onlyfewcannamethem ThelistoftheSevenWondersoftheAncientWorldwasoriginallycompiledaroundthesecondcenturyBC ThefirstreferencetotheideaisfoundinHistoryofHerodotusaslongagoasthe5thcenturyBC ThefinallistoftheSevenWonderswascompiledduringtheMiddleAges ThelistcomprisedthesevenmostimpressivemonumentsoftheAncientWorld Today archaeologicalevidencerevealssomeofthemysteriesthatsurroundedthehistoryoftheWondersforcenturies Fortheirbuilders theSevenWonderswereacelebrationofreligion mythology art power andscience Forus theyreflecttheabilityofhumanstochangethesurroundinglandscapebybuildingmassiveyetbeautifulstructures oneofwhichstoodthetestoftimetothisveryday 1 TheGreatPyramidofGiza ManfearsTime yetTimefearsthePyramids Arabproverb ItistheoneandonlyWonderwhichdoesnotrequireadescriptionbyearlyhistoriansandpoets ItistheoneandonlyWonderthatdoesnotneedspeculationsconcerningitsappearance size andshape Itistheoldest yetitistheonlysurvivingoftheSevenAncientWonders ItistheGreatPyramidofGiza LocationAtthecityofGiza anecropolisofancientMemphis andtodaypartofGreaterCairo Egypt HistoryContrarytothecommonbelief onlytheGreatPyramidofKhufu Cheops notallthreeGreatPyramids isontopofthelistofWonders ThemonumentwasbuiltbytheEgyptianpharaohKhufuoftheFourthDynastyaroundtheyear2560BCtoserveasatombwhenhedies ThetraditionofpyramidbuildingstartedinAncientEgyptasasophisticationoftheideaofamastabaor platform coveringtheroyaltomb Later severalstackedmastabaswereused Earlypyramids suchastheStepPyramidofKingZoser Djoser atSaqqarabythefamousEgyptianarchitect Imhotep illustratethisconnection Thegreatpyramidisbelievedtohavebeenbuiltovera20yearperiod 2 HangingGardensofBabylon TheapproachtotheGardenslopedlikeahillsideandtheseveralpartsofthestructurerosefromoneanothertierontier Onallthis theearthhadbeenpiled andwasthicklyplantedwithtreesofeverykindthat bytheirgreatsizeandothercharm gavepleasuretothebeholder Thewatermachines raised thewateringreatabundancefromtheriver althoughnooneoutsidecouldseeit LocationOntheeastbankoftheRiverEuphrates about50kmsouthofBaghdad Iraq HistoryTheBabyloniankingdomflourishedundertheruleofthefamousKing Hammurabi 1792 1750BC I Hisson NebuchadnezzarII 604 562BC iscreditedforbuildingthelegendaryHangingGardens ItissaidthattheGardenswerebuiltbyNebuchadnezzartopleasehiswifeorconcubinewhohadbeen broughtupinMediaandhadapassionformountainsurroundings 3 THESTATUEOFZEUSATOLYMPIA InhisrighthandafigureofVictorymadefromivoryandgold Inhislefthand hisscepterinlaidwithallmetals andaneagleperchedonthesceptre Thesandalsofthegodaremadeofgold asishisrobe LocationAttheancienttownofOlympia onthewestcoastofmodernGreece about150kmwestofAthens HistoryTheancientGreekcalendarstartsin776BC fortheOlympicgamesarebelievedtohavestartedthatyear ThemagnificenttempleofZeuswasdesignedbythearchitectLibonandwasbuiltaround450BC UnderthegrowingpowerofancientGreece thesimpleDoric styletempleseemedtoomundane andmodificationswereneeded Thesolution Amajesticstatue 4 THETAMPLEOFARTEMISATEPHESUS ButwhenIsawthesacredhouseofArtemisthattowerstotheclouds the otherWonders wereplacedintheshade fortheSunhimselfhasneverlookeduponitsequaloutsideOlympus AntipaterofSidon LocationTheancientcityofEphesusnearthemoderntownofSelcuk about50kmsouthofIzmir Smyrna inTurkey HistoryAlthoughthefoundationofthetempledatesbacktotheseventhcenturyBC thestructurethatearnedaspotinthelistofWonderswasbuiltaround550BC Referredtoasthegreatmarbletemple ortempleD itwassponsoredbytheLydiankingCroesusandwasdesignedbytheGreekarchitectChersiphron TheTemplewasdecoratedwithbronzestatuessculptedbythemostskilledartistsoftheirtime Pheidias Polycleitus Kresilas andPhradmon Thetempleservedasbothamarketplaceandareligiousinstitution Foryears thesanctuarywasvisitedbymerchants tourists artisans andkingswhopaidhomagetothegoddessbysharingtheirprofitswithher 5 THEMAUSOLEUMATHALICARNASSUS Ihavelying overmeinHalicarnassus agiganticmonumentsuchasnootherdeadpersonhas adornedinthefinestwaywithstatuesofhorsesandmencarvedmostrealisticallyfromthebestqualitymarble LocationInthecityofBodrum f k a Halicarnassus ontheAegeanSea insouth westTurkey HistoryWhenthePersiansexpandedtheirancientkingdomtoincludeMesopotamia NorthernIndia Syria Egypt andAsiaMinor thekingcouldnotcontrolhisvastempirewithoutthehelpoflocalgovernorsorrulers theSatraps Likemanyotherprovinces thekingdomofCariainthewesternpartofAsiaMinor Turkey wassofarfromthePersiancapitalthatitwaspracticallyautonomous From377to353BC kingMausollosofCariareignedandmovedhiscapitaltoHalicarnassus NothingisexcitingaboutMaussolloslifeexcepttheconstructionofhistomb TheprojectwasconceivedbyhiswifeandsisterArtemisia andtheconstructionmighthavestartedduringtheking slifetime TheMausoleumwascompletedaround350BC threeyearsafterMaussollosdeath andoneyearafterArtemisia s 6 THECOLOSSUSOFRHODES Toyou OSun thepeopleofDorianRhodessetupthisbronzestatuereachingtoOlympuswhentheyhadpacifiedthewavesofwarandcrownedtheircitywiththespoilstakenfromtheenemy Notonlyovertheseasbutalsoonlanddidtheykindlethelovelytorchoffreedom LocationAttheentranceoftheharboroftheMediterraneanislandofRhodesinGreece HistoryThroughoutmostofitshistory ancientGreecewascomprisedofcity stateswhichhadlimitedpowerbeyondtheirboundary thecitiesunitedtoformoneterritory withaunifiedcapital Rhodes Thecitythrivedcommerciallyandhadstrongeconomictieswiththeirmainally PtolemyISoterofEgypt TheconstructionoftheColossustook12yearsandwasfinishedin282BC Foryears thestatuestoodattheharborentrance untilastrongearthquakehitRhodesabout226BC Thecitywasbadlydamaged andtheColossuswasbrokenatitsweakestpoint theknee Foralmostamillennium thestatuelaybrokeninruins InAD654 theArabsinvadedRhodes TheydisassembledtheremainsofthebrokenColossusandsoldthemtoaJewfromSyria ItissaidthatthefragmentshadtobetransportedtoSyriaonthebacksof900camels 7 THELIGHTHOUSEOFALEXANDRIA Sostratus thesonofDexiphanes theCnidian dedicatedthistotheSaviourGods onbehalfofthosewhosailtheseas LocationOntheancientislandofPharos nowapromontorywithinthecityofAlexandriainEgypt HistoryShortlyafterthedeathofAlexandertheGreat hiscommanderPtolemySoterassumedpowerinEgypt HehadwitnessedthefoundingofAlexandria andestablishedhiscapitalthere Offofthecity scoastliesasmallisland Pharos Itsname legendsays isavariationofPharaoh sIsland butitismorelikelythatthenameisGreekinorigin Theislandwasconnectedtothemainlandbymeansofadike theHeptastadion whichgavethecityadoubleharbor Andbecauseofdangeroussailingconditionsandflatcoastlineintheregion theconstructionofalighthousewasnecessary TheprojectwasconceivedandinitiatedbyPtolemySoteraround290BC butwascompletedafterhisdeath duringthereignofhissonPtolemyPhiladelphus OTHERWONDERSOFTHEWORLD FORGOTTENWONDERSAbuSimbelTempleinEgyptAngkorWatinCambodiaTheAztecTempleinTenochtitlan MexicoCity MexicoTheBanaueRiceTerracesinthePhilippinesBorobudurTempleinIndonesiaTheColosseuminRome ItalyTheGreatWallofChinaTheIncacityofMachuPicchu PeruTheLeaningTowerofPisa ItalyTheMayanTemplesofTikalinNorthernGuatemalaTheMoaiStatuesinRapaNui EasterIsland ChileMont Saint MichelinNormandy FranceTheThroneHallofPersepolisinIranTheParthenoninAthens GreecePetra therock carvedcityinJordanTheShwedagonPagodainMyanmarStonehengeinEngland MODERNWONDERS TheChannelTunnelTheClockTower BigBen inLondon Engl