《气动技术》双语电子教案+吴洪明_Chapter5+Valves.ppt

PneumaticValves Forprecisionandcontrol 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 WUHANUNIVERSITYOFTECHNOLOGYLOGISTICSENG DEPT 武汉理工大学物流工程系 Contents Operators Function ValveSize ActuatorControl TypicalValve PoppetValves SpoolValves DiscSeals DynamicSeals GlandlessSpool BalancedSpool SpoolOverlap 5 3Valves OtherValveDesigns PressureSwitches LogicValves FlowRegulators QuickExhaustvalve ValveFlow SolenoidValves StaticSealing Clickthesectiontoadvancedirectlytoit Introduction 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Introduction TherangeofpneumaticvalvesisvastTohelpselectavalvetheyareplacedinavarietyofcategories styletypedesignprincipletypeofoperatorfunctionsizeapplication Forallofthem theirbasicfunctionistoswitchairflowFromthesimplestfunctionofswitchingasingleflowpathonandoff totheexactingproportionalcontrolofpressureandflow 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Style Stylereflectsthelookofavalverangeaswellastheunderlyingdesignprinciple ExamplesareNugget ISOStarandSuperX 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Type Typereferstothevalvesinstallationarrangementforexamplesub base manifold inline andvalveisland 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Design Designreferstotheprincipleofoperationaroundwhichthevalvehasbeendesigned forexample spoolvalve poppetvalveandplatevalve 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Operators AnoperatoristhemechanismthatcausesavalvetochangestateTheyareclassifiedasmanual mechanicalandelectrical ShroudedButton MushroomButton 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ValveFunction FunctionistheswitchingcomplexityofavalveShownbytwofigures2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 3 3 4 3 5 3Firstfigureisthenumberofmainports Inlets outlets andexhaustsexcludingsignalandexternalpilotsuppliesSecondfigureisthenumberofstatesA3 2valvehas3ports and2states normalandoperated 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ValveSize Sizereferstoavalve sportthread Forsimilarlydesignedvalvestheamountofairflowthroughthevalveusuallyincreaseswiththeportsize Portsizealonehowevercannotbereliedupontogiveastandardvalueofflowasthisisdependentonthedesignofthevalveinternals TheportsizeprogressionM5 R1 8 R1 4 R3 8 R1 2 R3 4 R1 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Application ApplicationisacategoryforvalvesdescribedbytheirfunctionortaskExamplesofspecialistvalvesarequickexhaustvalve softstartvalveandmonitoreddumpvalveExamplesofstandardvalvesarepowervalves logicvalves signalprocessingvalvesandfailsafevalves Astandardvalvecouldbeinanycategorydependingonthefunctionithasbeenselectedforinasystem 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ActuatorControl 3 2valve A3portvalveprovidestheinlet outletandexhaustpathandisthenormalchoiceforcontrolofasingleactingcylinderInthenormalpositionproducedbythespring thevalveisclosedIntheoperatedpositionproducedbythepushbuttonthevalveisopenThepushbuttonmustbehelddownforaslongasthecylinderisoutstroked 1 2 3 12 10 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ActuatorControl 3 2valve A3portvalveprovidestheinlet outletandexhaustpathandisthenormalchoiceforcontrolofasingleactingcylinderInthenormalpositionproducedbythespring thevalveisclosedIntheoperatedpositionproducedbythepushbuttonthevalveisopenThepushbuttonmustbehelddownforaslongasthecylinderisoutstroked 1 2 3 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ActuatorControl 5 2valve Afiveportvalveprovidesaninletport1thatisswitchedbetweentwooutletports2and4eachwithanexhaustport3 5Inthenormalpositionproducedbythespring1isconnectedto2with4toexhaust5Intheoperatedpositionproducedbypushingthebuttonport1isconnectedto4with2toexhaust3 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ActuatorControl 5 2valve Afiveportvalveprovidesaninletport1thatisswitchedbetweentwooutletports2and4eachwithanexhaustport3 5Inthenormalpositionproducedbythespring1isconnectedto2with4toexhaust5Intheoperatedpositionproducedbypushingthebuttonport1isconnectedto4with2toexhaust3 12 14 1 5 3 4 2 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Identificationofthecomponentpartsofatypical5 2solenoidvalvewithspringreturn Sub basenotshown 1 Solenoid 15mm 2 Piston 3 Spoolwithdiscseals 4 Valvebody 5 Returnspring 6 Alternativeports2 4 7 Pressureindicator 8 Manualoverride 9 Electricconnectors TypicalValve 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PoppetValves 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PoppetValve2 2 ThePoppetvalveisasimpleandeffectivedesignusedmainlyin2 2and3 2functionsIthasgoodsealingcharacteristicsandcanoftenbethechoiceforasupplyshutoffvalveApoppetsealhasabuttactionagainstaraisededgedapertureIllustratedisa2 2airoperatedpoppetvalve 1 2 12 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PoppetValve2 2 ThePoppetvalveisasimpleandeffectivedesignusedmainlyin2 2and3 2functionsIthasgoodsealingcharacteristicsandcanoftenbethechoiceforasupplyshutoffvalveApoppetsealhasabuttactionagainstaraisededgedapertureIllustratedisa2 2airoperatedpoppetvalve 1 2 12 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PoppetValve3 2 Miniature3 2valveusedforgeneratingsignalsThepoppetsealwillgivelonglife notsubjectedtoslidingfriction Supplytoport1assiststhespringtoholdthepoppetshutOutletport2isconnectedthroughtheplungertoaplainexhaustportWhenoperatedexhaustpathsealedandpoppetopened flow1to2 1 2 3 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PoppetValve3 2 Miniature3 2valveusedforgeneratingsignalsThepoppetsealwillgivelonglife notsubjectedtoslidingfriction Supplytoport1assiststhespringtoholdthepoppetshutOutletport2isconnectedthroughtheplungertoaplainexhaustportWhenoperatedexhaustpathsealedandpoppetopened flow1to2 1 2 3 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PoppetValve3 2 Miniature3 2valveusedforgeneratingsignalsThepoppetsealwillgivelonglife notsubjectedtoslidingfriction Supplytoport1assiststhespringtoholdthepoppetshutOutletport2isconnectedthroughtheplungertoaplainexhaustportWhenoperatedexhaustpathsealedandpoppetopened flow1to2 1 2 3 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValves AlongstandingpopularversatiledesignAvailableinmostfunctions3 2 3 3 5 2 5 3 etc FullyforcebalancedWiderangeofstyles sizes operatorsandmountingarrangementsSuitamultiplerangeofapplications 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolTypes AspoolhasanumberofmajorandminordiameterscalledlandsandvalleysThelandssealwiththevalveboreandthevalleysconnectvalveportstocontrolflowdirectionDynamicsealtypehasthesealsonthespoolGlandlesstypehavenoslidingsealsStaticsealtypehasthesealsfixedinthevalvebore 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 DiscSeals Adiscsealisaloosefitinthegroove withtheouterdiameterjustincontactwiththevalvebore UnderdifferentialpressurethediscsealispushedsidewaysandoutwardstosealtheclearancebetweentheouterdiameterofthepistonandthevalveboreTheslimprofilegiveslowradialforcethereforereducingfriction 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValve dynamicseals This5 2valvehasaspoolfittedwithdiscsealsThesealsmovewiththespoolthereforetheyarecalleddynamicNormalposition port1isjoinedto4and2isjoinedto3Operatedposition port1isjoinedto2and4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValve dynamicseals This5 2valvehasaspoolfittedwithdiscsealsThesealsmovewiththespoolthereforetheyarecalleddynamicNormalposition port1isjoinedto4and2isjoinedto3Operatedposition port1isjoinedto2and4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValve glandless This5 2valvehasamatchedspoolandsleeve ThefitissoprecisethatsealsbetweenthemareunnecessaryThetinyamountofaircrossingthespoollandsprovidesanairbearingTheresultislowfrictionandlonglife 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValve glandless This5 2valvehasamatchedspoolandsleeve ThefitissoprecisethatsealsbetweenthemareunnecessaryThetinyamountofaircrossingthespoollandsprovidesanairbearingTheresultislowfrictionandlonglife 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValve staticseals This3 2valvehasaplainspoolslidingwithinstaticsealsTheORingsealsareheldincarriersfixedinthevalveboreandpositionedbyspacers notshown ThelargerORingssealthevalveborewiththecarriersThesmallerORingssealthecarrierswiththespool 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValve staticseals This3 2valvehasaplainspoolslidingwithinstaticsealsTheORingsealsareheldincarriersfixedinthevalveboreandpositionedbyspacers notshown ThelargerORingssealthevalveborewiththecarriersThesmallerORingssealthecarrierswiththespool 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValve staticseals This5 2valvehasaplainspoolslidingwithinstaticsealsTheORingsealsareheldincarriersfixedinthevalveboreandpositionedbyspacers notshown ThelargerORingssealthevalveborewiththecarriersThesmallerORingssealthecarrierswiththespool 1 2 4 5 3 14 1 2 4 5 3 12 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 SpoolValve staticseals This5 2valvehasaplainspoolslidingwithinstaticsealsTheORingsealsareheldincarriersfixedinthevalveboreandpositionedbyspacers notshown ThelargerORingssealthevalveborewiththecarriersThesmallerORingssealthecarrierswiththespool 1 2 4 5 3 14 12 1 2 4 5 3 14 12 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 BalancedSpool ThepressureactingatanyportwillnotcausethespooltomoveTheareastotheleftandrightareequalandwillproduceequalandoppositeforcesBalancedspoolvalveshaveawiderangeofapplicationasanyselectionofpressurescanbeappliedtothe5ports Singlepressureandtwinpressuresupplyversionsshown 14 12 14 12 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Overlap MostspoolvalvesaredesignedwithapositiveoverlapWhenthespoolisintransitfromthenormaltotheoperatedstateport2willbeclosedbeforeport4isopened or4before2 Ifthespoolisbeingmovedslowlyanegativeoverlapwillcausepressurelossduringthespoolchangeoverandmayevenstall 14 12 14 12 Positiveoverlap Negativeoverlap 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ThreePositionSpoolValves ThistypeofvalvehasanormalstatewherethespoolisinamidpositionThecharacteristicinthecentrepositionisdeterminedbythelandspacingsonthespoolThethreetypesare AllportsblockedOpenexhaustsOpenpressure 2 4 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ValveSpools dynamicseals Allportsblocked5 3 Opentoexhaust5 3 Opentopressure5 3 Standard5 2spool Identificationgrooves ExamplesfromtheNugget120range 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve allportssealed Withthespoolinthemid normal positionallportsaresealedSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve allportssealed Withthespoolinthemid normal positionallportsaresealedSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve allportssealed Withthespoolinthemid normal positionallportsaresealedSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve openexhausts Withthespoolinthemid normal positionthesupplyportissealedandoutletportsaretoexhaustSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve openexhausts Withthespoolinthemid normal positionthesupplyportissealedandoutletportsaretoexhaustSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve openexhausts Withthespoolinthemid normal positionthesupplyportissealedandoutletportsaretoexhaustSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve openpressure Withthespoolinthemid normal positionthesupplyportisconnectedtobothoutletportsSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve openpressure Withthespoolinthemid normal positionthesupplyportisconnectedtobothoutletportsSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 5 3Valve openpressure Withthespoolinthemid normal positionthesupplyportisconnectedtobothoutletportsSpoolright port1isjoinedto4 port2isjoinedto3Spoolleft port1isjoinedto2 port4isjoinedto5 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 OtherValveDesigns 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 BleedValves ProvidevalveoperationfromalowoperatingforceInthenormalpositiontheleverarmisholdingthebleedorificeclosedThedifferentialpistonhassupplypressureactingonthesmallend alsothelargeendthrougharestrictorinthepistonAlightoperatingforcewillliftthebleedsealallowingairtoescape FlowthroughthepistonisslowerthanthebleedorificesothepressureislostandthepistonchangesstateReleasingthelevercausesthepistontoreset 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 BleedValves ProvidevalveoperationfromalowoperatingforceInthenormalpositiontheleverarmisholdingthebleedorificeclosedThedifferentialpistonhassupplypressureactingonthesmallend alsothelargeendthrougharestrictorinthepistonAlightoperatingforcewillliftthebleedsealallowingairtoescape FlowthroughthepistonisslowerthanthebleedorificesothepressureislostandthepistonchangesstateReleasingthelevercausesthepistontoreset 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PlateValves HavenoslidingsyntheticrubbersealsTherotaryslide red isgroundflatwiththebasePressuresuppliedatport1pushestheplatedowntoseal alsosuppliesoutletport2Thecavityintheplateconnectsoutletport4toexhaustport3Whenoperatedtheplateswingstoconnectport2toexhaust3and1to4 1 2 3 4 Versions4 2and4 3withdetentedcentrepositionPartmovementofleverwillgiveflowcontrol 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PlateValves HavenoslidingsyntheticrubbersealsTherotaryslide red isgroundflatwiththebasePressuresuppliedatport1pushestheplatedowntoseal alsosuppliesoutletport2Thecavityintheplateconnectsoutletport4toexhaustport3Whenoperatedtheplateswingstoconnectport2toexhaust3and1to4 1 2 3 4 Versions4 2and4 3withdetentedcentrepositionPartmovementofleverwillgiveflowcontrol 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PressureSwitch pneumatic RelaytoboostweaksignalsRelayforapneumatictimedelayWhenthesignalatport12reachesabout50 ofthesupplypressureatport1 thepressureswitchoperatestogiveastrongoutputsignalat2Fortimedelaysatanypressureonlythelinearpartofthecurvewillbeusedgivingsmoothadjustment 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PressureSwitches Pressureappliedatport1actingonthedifferentialannularareasholdsthespooltotheleftTheweakorslowlyrisingpressureofasignalappliedtoport12needsonlytoreachabout50 ofhepressureatport1tooperatethevalvePort1isthenconnectedtoport2Removingthesignalallowsthedifferentialforcetoresetthevalve 1 2 3 12 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PressureSwitches Pressureappliedatport1actingonthedifferentialannularareasholdsthespooltotheleftTheweakorslowlyrisingpressureofasignalappliedtoport12needsonlytoreachabout50 ofhepressureatport1tooperatethevalvePort1isthenconnectedtoport2Removingthesignalallowsthedifferentialforcetoresetthevalve 1 2 3 12 1 2 3 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PressureSwitches electrical ThisfixedvalueexampleusesabuiltinsingleactingcylindertooperateastandardchangeovermicroswitchTheoperatingpressureisabout3barthisneedstoovercomethecombinedforceofthecylinderandmicroswitchspringsAdjustablepressureswitchesarealsoavailable Fixed Adjustable 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Logic OR ShuttleValve Anairsignalgiventoeitherthelefthandport1ortherighthandport1willresultinanoutputatport2Thesealingdiscmovesacrosstosealtheexhaustsignallinetopreventlossofsignalpressure 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Logic AND ShuttleValve Asingleairsignalateitheroftheports1willcausetheshuttletomoveandblockthesignalIfasignalsareappliedatboththelefthandANDrighthandports1onlyoneofthemwillbeblockedtheotherwillbegivenasanoutputatport2Ifthepressuresarenotequaltheonewiththelowestpressureisswitched 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 FlowRegulation BytheuseofflowregulatorstheoutstrokespeedandinstrokespeedofapistonrodcanbeindependentlyadjustedSpeedisregulatedbycontrollingtheflowofairtoexhaustThefrontportregulatorcontrolstheoutstrokespeedandtherearportregulatorcontrolstheinstrokespeed 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 FlowRegulator Uni directional linemountedadjustableflowregulatorFreeflowinonedirectionAdjustablerestrictedflowintheotherdirection 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 FlowRegulator Uni directional linemountedadjustableflowregulatorFreeflowinonedirectionAdjustablerestrictedflowintheotherdirection 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 BanjoFlowRegulator Designedtofitdirectlyintocylinderports soplacingadjustmentattheappropriatecylinderendTwotypes Onetogiveconventionalflowrestrictionoutofthecylinderandfreeflowin asillustrated Theothertypetogiverestrictedflowintothecylinderandfreeflowout notillustrated 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 QuickExhaustValve Insomeapplicationscylinderspeedcanbeincreasedby50 whenusingaquickexhaustvalveWhenoperated airfromthefrontofthecylinderexhaustsdirectlythroughthequickexhaustvalveThefasterexhaustgivesalowerbackpressureinthecylinderthereforeahigherpressuredifferentialtodriveoutthepistonrod 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 QuickExhaustValve Port2isconnecteddirectlytotheendcoverofacylinderPort1receivesairfromthecontrolvalveAirflowspastthelipsofthesealtodrivethecylinderWhenthecontrolvalveisexhausted thesealflipstotherightopeningthelargedirectflowpathAirisexhaustedveryrapidlyfromthecylinderforincreasedspeed 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 QuickExhaustValve Port2isconnecteddirectlytotheendcoverofacylinderPort1receivesairfromthecontrolvalveAirflowspastthelipsofthesealtodrivethecylinderWhenthecontrolvalveisexhausted thesealflipstotherightopeningthelargedirectflowpathAirisexhaustedveryrapidlyfromthecylinderforincreasedspeed 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ValveFlow 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Flowthroughvalves Valveflowperformanceisusuallyindicatedbyaflowfactorofsomekind suchas C b Cv Kv Alsoorificesizes A and S orbyflowvaluesI min andm3 h TestingavalvetoISO6358 resultsinperformancevaluesof C conductance and b criticalpressureratio ForarangeofsteadysourcepressuresP1thepressureP2isplottedagainstvaryingflowthroughthevalveuntilitreachesamaximumTheresultisasetofcurvesshowingtheflowcharacteristicsofthevalve 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ValveFlow Fromthesecurvesthecriticalpressureratio b canbefound b representstheratioofP2toP1atwhichtheflowvelocitygoessonic Alsotheconductance C atthispointwhichrepresentstheflow dm second barabsolute 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 ValveFlow Ifasetofcurvesarenotavailablebuttheconductanceandcriticalpressureratioareknownthevalueofflowforanypressuredropcanbecalculatedusingthisformulae Where P1 upstreampressurebaraP2 downstreampressurebaraC conductancedm3 s barab criticalpressureratioQ flowdm3 s 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 Examplecalculation CalculationofflowthroughaNugget120valvesuppliedwith8bar Apressuredropof1 5barisacceptable TheconductanceandcriticalpressureratiosforthevalveareC 4 92andb 0 23 Q 27 45l sor1647l min 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 GuidetoValveSizeandFlow ThisgraphgivesaguidetothetoflowrangeappropriatetodifferentvalvesizesPortsizealonecanonlybearoughguide individualvalvetypeswillvaryaccordingtodesignTheflowvaluesindicatedbytheverticallinesareatP1 6bar with1barpressuredrop 气动技术 双语电子教案吴洪明Chapter5 PressuresandTemperatures Theworkingpressuresforvalvesgenerallycanrangefromvacuumt