高中议论文写作指导(英语).docx

高中议论文写作指导（高二英语07.10.28）一、总述英语写作近年来显得越来越重要，分数比例在以往的高考中占六分之一（北京高考比例更大），08江苏高考作文分值比例可能会增加。请同学们千万不可轻视英语写作。高中英语议论文的写作，大多有具体要点(即论点或论据)的限定，所以并不需要如何地旁征博引。但是，麻雀虽小，五脏俱全，一篇120来字的议论文，同样必须逻辑严密，结构清晰，语言精练，必须论有中心，言而有据。英语议论文是近年高考常考文体（江苏05-07三年高考全部是议论文体），它要求考生根据提纲简明扼要地进行论述，有时根据要求，需要加入考生自己的观点和看法，文章内容并不要求写得太复杂，只要求语义连贯，语言流畅，逻辑严密，表达出要求表达的意思即可。二、近年高考考试大纲对英语作文语言表达的要求1、尽量使用较复杂的结构和较高级的词汇来表述。2、有效地使用语句间的连接成分，使全文结构紧凑，逻辑严密。三、英语议论文写作要点 议论文通过议论或说理来表达作者见解和主张.作者对某一问题持有一种看法,为了使读者同意自己的看法,提出若干理由,企图说服他人.高中英语议论文的写作要注意以下要点: 1. 论点要鲜明、确切一篇议论文只能有一个中心论点论点一般在开头提出，然后加以论证 2. 论据要充分、可靠一般是以事实为论据，也可以利用成语，格言，名人名言作为论据 3. 论证要严密、得法 四、议论文的类型英语议论文根据命题特点，从形式上来看可分为如下类型: “一分为二”的观点 “两者选一”的观点 “我认为”型 “怎样（how to）”型 图表作文 五、议论文的写作步骤1. 引言(introduction)由于英语作文受时间，字数的限制因此，在引言段中作者就必须简单解释要讨论的问题，并明白地亮出自己的观点，如提倡什么，支持什么，反对什么 2. 主体段（main body）主体段是议论的过程，作者必须有足够的证据（adequate proofs）来论证自己的观点一般可提出一个或两个proofs, 并对此用一两句话分别进行阐述 3. 结论（conclusion）结论段可以用一两句话来结束文章同时要注意与引言段呼应，但不能照搬前面的原话 六练习（Practice）你班同学举行了一场讨论会。讨论的主题是：城市内是否可以养宠物（狗和猫）。请你根据下表所提供的信息，介绍讨论的情况，并说明自己的观点和建议。要求语句通顺，结构严谨，逻辑严密，字数：120左右。支持养宠物的同学观点反对养宠物的同学观点你自己的观点1、养宠物是好主意，可安慰孤寡老人2、人与动物和谐相处增添生活情趣3、促进人们体育锻炼给人们提供相互交流的机会1、造成环境污染2、多吵闹声，并可能伤人3、养宠物需要花钱1、2、Part One Recently, we have had a discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities. Opinions are divided into two._Part Two_ 1._2._3._4._Part Three_ 1_2_3_4_Part Four_1_2_Write out the composition_ 七、作文实践指导：分步写作法 (Group work)Step1 确定格式及段落（1分钟）Step2 确定要点并选用恰当的字词短语及句法结构对各个要点进行表述，写出句子。（6-8分钟）Step3 选用适当的关连词及过度词，连句成文，使文章结构严谨，富有逻辑性。（5分钟）八、注意议论文常用句型和关连词及过度词一、使用英语议论文常用的得体的表达句型1、用于比较、阐明不同观点的常用句型(1)Some people like/prefer,while others are against(2)There are different opinions among people Some believe Others, however, hold a different idea.(3) Some people suggest Others, however, hold the opposite opinion.(4)On one hand, people tend to On the other hand, they feel(5)Although more and more people come to believe there are still others who insist that(6)On the contrary, there are people in favor of高中议论文写作指导（高二英语07.10.28）.doc(7)There are some people who hold different opinios about2、用于陈述个人观点和想法的常用句型 (1)My own experience tells me that(2)In my opinion, we should place more importance to(3)As for/to my own idea about I believe(4)As /So far as I am concerned, I plan to(5)Personally, I think/I prefer(6)In my view, both sides are partly right in that(7)But for me, I would rather(8)My own point of view is that(9)In conclusion, I support the statement that3、用于结尾的常用句型(1)From all the reasons/conclusions above, it is clear/obvious that(2)Taking all these factors into consideration/account, we may reach the conclusion that(3)It is clear, therefore, that(4)All in all, what really matters is that(5)In conclusion, the most important is that(6)Therefore, it is not difficult to draw/come to the conclusion that二、使用适当的关连词及过度词（使表达规范严谨严密）1、表示列举：for example, for instance, such as, takefor example, takeas an example, like, namely, that is (to say)2、表示顺序: first(ly), second(ly), third(ly)/for one thing, for another/at first, at last3、表示比较与对比: similarly, compared to(with), while, on one handon the other hand4、表示增补和递进:not onlybut also, as well as, besides, in addition, apart from, whats more, 5、表示因果:because, as, since, now that, therefore, so, thanks to, owing to, due to6、表示目的: in order to, so as to, so that, in order that7、表示让步: though, although, as, while, in spite of, despite, no matter what (how), even if, even though8、表示强调: above all, indeed, in fact, as a matter of fact, in other words, in that case, or rather9、表示转折:but, however, still, yet, while,10、表示总结: in a(one)word, generally speaking, in short, in brief, on the whole, There is no doubt that, so, thus, as far as I know11、表示转换话题：by the way, in my opinion, to tell you the truth, to be honest, personally, I think, 九、One possible versionRecently, we have had a discussion on whether people should keep pets at home in cities. Opinions are divided into two.Some students think that its a good idea to keep pets at home in cities because many old people who live alone at home may get comfort from pets. Besides, getting along well with animals will make our life interesting and bring people who have pets more chances to exercise and have time to communicate with each other. However, other students are against the idea. In their opinion, if people keep too many pets, it is bad for the environment. Pets not only may make too much noise but also attack people. Whats more, it costs a lot of money to keep pets.Personally, I dont think its bad to keep pets at home. But we must take measures to prevent them from polluting our environment.十、家庭作业面对中学生“出国热”, 社会对此有不同的看法.