英语写作--5议论文.ppt

第五章议论文写作 一 定义二 段落结构三 题型及范文四 真题回顾五 课后写作 一 定义 Thepurposeofargumentationistoconvince Anargumentativeessaytriestomakethereaderagreewithitspointofviewandsupportit topersuadehimtochangehismindorbehavior andtoapproveapolicyoracourseofactionthatitproposes Speechesonpolicies editorialsofnewspapers articlesonpoliticalortheoreticalquestions andvariousproposalsareoftenargumentative Argumentationfrequentlymakesuseoftheother3typesofwriting description narration andaboveallexposition forargumentationandexpositionareverycloselyrelated argumentationisactuallyexpositionwiththeadditionalpurposeofconvincingorpersuading 二 段落结构 Writinginargumentativestylerequires 1 AnIntroduction2 Development3 Conclusion 三 题型与范文 1 谈个人观点题型MyViewon 之我见 Twoviewpointsavailableandillustratetheviewpointyousupport 存在两种观点并提出你的观点 1 对立观点式A 有人认为X是好事 赞成X 为什么 B 有人认为X是坏事 反对X 为什么 C 我的看法 2 批驳观点式A 一个错误观点 B 我不同意 观点表达方法 一种观点 1 Somepeoplefrownat 对 不满 生气 theideathat 2 Hearingoftheidea phenomenonthat somepeoplebecomefurious 3 Somepeopletakethenegative oppositeviewtowardstheidea phenomenonthat 4 Somepeopleobject opposetotheidea phenomenonthat 另一种观点 1 However otherstaketheoppositestandthat 2 However otheropinionscanalsobeheardfromallwalksoflife Theyinsistthat 3 Tastesdiffer Othersassumethat 我的观点 1 Weighingtheprosandcons Iaminclinedtoagreethat 2 Frommypointofview 3 AsfarasIamconcerned 4 Formyownpart 5 Inmyopinion MyViewonEducationalReform People sviewsoneducationalreformvaryfrompersontoperson Somepeoplethinktheeducationalreformisveryimportantandnecessary Theyholdthisviewbecausetheythinkthetraditionalwayofeducationisoutmoded Wemustchangethetest orientededucationintoability orientededucation Inthisway ourcountrywilldevelopfasterandfaster Butothersholdthatthereformisunnecessary Intheiropinion thetest orientededucationisverygood Thetestscoreisarulertomeasurethedegreeofstudents masteryofknowledge Withthetraditionaleducationalsystem ourcountryhasdevelopedfastandwilldoasever Astome Iaminfavorofthefirstview Thefollowingarethereasonsofmystandpoint First theworldkeepschanging Ifweknowonlybookknowledge itisnotenoughforustokeeppaceoftherapiddevelopmentofscienceandtechnology Besides highscoredoesn tmeanhighintelligence Wemustpayattentiontothebasicqualityratherthanthescore Inmanyschools teachersspendalotoftimedevelopingtheirownabilities Itshouldbenotedthatoursocietyneedspeoplewithdifferentkindsofabilitiesnotpeoplewithonlyhighscores Inaword schoolsshouldcultivatestudents differentabilitiesaccordingtotheirdifferentinterests 2 AdvantagesandDisadvantagesof 题型 事物总是一分为二的 四 六级写作题目中有许多涉及某一事物的正反两方面 例如 四 六级考过 运动的积极因素与消极因素 双休日的好处与副作用 新的科学技术给社会带来的好处与问题 摩托车的优点与缺点 AdvantagesandDisadvantagesofHavingaPart timeJob Atpresent moreandmoreuniversitystudentsaredoingpart timejobs Theyworkasshopassistants salespersons waitersandsoon Likeeverythingelse havingapart timejobhasbothfavorableandunfavorableaspects Generally theadvantagescanbelistedasfollows First studentscanhavethechanceofearningpocketmoneyandthusreducetheirparents financialburden Inaddition theycangivefullplaytotheirprofessionalknowledgeandskills Aboveall bywatchingandstudyingsociety theycangainaninsightintothingsthattheirtextbookscanneverteachthem Thus theycanformtheirownthoughtsandbecomemature Buteverycoinhastwosides Thedisadvantagesofhavingapart timejobarealsoobvious Tobeginwith studentsmayhavelesstimetorelaxorfeedthemselvesmentally Theymayfeeluniversitylifeistiringanduninteresting Tomakemattersworse somestudentshavenotenoughtimetoreviewtheirlessonsandtheywillfallbehindothersinstudy Worstofall somestudentsregardearningmoneyratherthanacquiringknowledgeasmoreimportant Throughaboveanalysis Ibelievethatthepositiveaspectsoutweighthenegativeaspects Therefore toacertaindegree studentswillbenefitalotformtheirpart timejobsiftheycankeepagoodbalancebetweenpart timejobsandstudying 3 Howto 题型 四 六级考过的有 怎样才能实现绿化 我是如何克服英语学习中所遇到的困难的 我怎么为我理想的职业作准备 等等 属于想办法类型的题目 HowtoEliminateFalseAdvertisements Nowadays someadvertiserstakeadvantageofnewspapers radioandtelevisionprogramstodofalseadvertisementswhichboasttheirproductsbyover praisingtheirqualityorexaggeratingtheirfunction Theseadvertisementsmisleadconsumersanddamagethecreditofbusiness Manywayscancontributetosolvingthisseriousproblem butthefollowingonesmaybemosteffective Firstofall beforetheyarepublished alltheadvertisementsmustbecensored 审查 bytheauthoritiesconcernedtoseewhethertheyconformtotheirproducts Theadvertisementsmustbeobjectiveandscientificandirrelevantpropaganda 宣传 mustbeforbidden Besides themassmediashouldbeadvisednottoacceptanyadvertisementsmerelyforthesakeofmoney Theyshouldbeselectiveanddiscriminatinginpublishingadvertisements Finally Lawsshouldbepassedtorestrainfalseadvertisements Anyonewhopublishesfalseadvertisementsmustbearthelegalresponsibility Thesearenotthebestandtheonlythreemeasureswecantake Butitshouldbenotedthatweshouldtakestrongactionstoeliminatefalseadvertisementsandprotectconsumers interests 4 两者选一 题型 人生面临着许多抉择 这在四 六级写作题中也反映了出来 例如 四 六级考过 始终从事一种工作还是经常更换工作 以及 有选择地读书还是博览群书 碰到这种 两者选一 类的题目 可参考下列的写作方法 GoingonaSelf touroraPackageTour Whenwegotraveling we llbefacedwiththechoicebetweenaself tourandapackagetour Beforemakingtherightchoice wehadbettermakeaclosecomparisonandcontrastofthem Firstofall ifwegotravelingourselves wecantakeanymeansoftransportaswelike Ifwechoosepackagetour wecanalsochoosebetweentheplaneandthetrainatdifferentprices Second ifwetravelourselves wecangotoanyplacesatanytime Likewise ifwechoosepackagetour wecanprovideagreatvarietyofjourneytodifferentplaces Despitetheirsimilarities self tourandpackagetouraredifferentinthefollowingaspects First itischeapertotravelourselvesbutitisinconvenienttobuythetrainorplaneticketandaccommodateourselves However thoughmoreexpensive packagetourwillarrangeeverythingforusandweneednotbotherabouttransportationandaccommodation Besides travelingourselves wewillfeelquitefreeandcanstayinanyplaceaslongaswelike Onthecontrary bypackagetourwewillbehurriedalongwhentimeisupaccordingtotheschedule Therefore itdependsonwhichisbetter Ifwewanttobethriftyandfree weshouldgotravelingourselves butifwewanttogetrelaxed weshouldchoosepackagetour 5 社会问题 现象 式 参考模式 1 一个社会问题或者现象 what 2 产生的原因 why 3 对社会和我们生活的影响 effect 4 如何杜绝 如果是问题的话 how 5 前景的预测 模版1 Somepeoplebelieve argue recognize think that观点1 Butotherpeopletakeanoppositeside Theyfirmlybelievethat观点2 Asforme Iagreetotheformer latteridea Thereareadozenofreasonsbehindmybelief Firstofall 论据1 Moreimportantly 论据2 Mostimportantofall 论据3 Insummary 总结观点 Asacollegestudent Iamsupposedto表决心 或Fromabove wecanpredictthat预测 模版2 PeopleholddifferentviewsaboutX Somepeopleareoftheopinionthat观点1 whileotherspointoutthat观点2 AsfarasIamconcerned theformer latteropinionholdsmoreweight Foronething 论据1 Foranother 论据2 Lastbutnottheleast 论据3 Toconclude 总结观点 Asacollegestudent Iamsupposedto表决心 或Fromabove wecanpredictthat预测 模版3 Thereisnoconsensus 共识 ofopinionsamongpeopleaboutX 争论的焦点 Somepeopleareoftheviewthat观点1 whileotherstakeanoppositeside firmlybelievingthat观点2 AsfarasIamconcerned theformer latternotionispreferableinmanysenses Thereasonsareobvious Firstofall 论据1 Furthermore 论据2 Amongallofthesupportingevidences oneisthestrongest Thatis 论据3 Anaturalconclusionfromtheabovediscussionisthat总结观点 Asacollegestudent Iamsupposedto表决心 Fromabove wecanpredictthat预测 四 真题回顾 2005 12 24CET4ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists 1 名校校园正成为旅游热点2 校园是否应该对游客开放 人们看法不同3 我认为 ShouldtheUniversityCampusBeOpentoTourists Universitycampuses especiallythoseoftherenownedun