网络常用测试工具的应用实验报告.doc

常用网络工具的应用一、实验目的：1了解系统网络命令及其所代表的含义，以及所能对网络进行的操作。 2通过网络命令了解运行系统网络状态，并利用网络命令对网络进行简单的操作。二、二、实验仪器设备及器材Window XP 局域网3、 实验相关理论1PING命令是检查网络连接状况的网络工具，可以用它来检测数据包到达目的主机的可能性。 2Win98：winipcfg或Win2000以上：Ipconfig/all命令显示DNS服务器地址、IP地址、子网掩码地址、默认网关的IP地址。 3Netstat是显示网络连接和有关协议的统计信息的工具。Netstat主要用于：网络接口的状况；程序表的状况；协议类的统计信息的显示三个方面。 4ARP：地址解析协议命令，用于将IP地址解析为MAC地址。4、 实验要求：验前认真预习TCP/IP协议内容，尤其应认真理解WINDOWS网络相关原理；在进行实验时，应注意爱护机器，按照试验指导书的要求的内容和步骤完成实验，尤其应注意认真观察试验结果，做好记录；实验完成后应认真撰写实验报告。五、实验原理六、实验步骤1、最常用的网络测试工具PING.EXE（1）判断本地的TCP/IP协议栈是否已安装成功C:Documents and Settingsstudentping Pinging with 32 bytes of data:用32个数据字节验证本机与计算机的连接Reply from : bytes=32 time10ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 time10ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 time10ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 timeping Pinging with 32 bytes of data:用32个数据字节验证网关与计算机的连接Reply from : bytes=32 time10ms TTL=64返回网关：字节为32个 时间小于10 毫秒 生存时间为64Reply from : bytes=32 time10ms TTL=64Reply from : bytes=32 time=34ms TTL=64Reply from : bytes=32 timeping Pinging 8 with 32 bytes of data:用32个数据字节验证腾讯网与计算机的连接Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=57返回腾讯网：字节为32 时间为2毫秒 生存时间为57Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=57Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=57Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=57Ping statistics for 8:统计腾讯网的数据：Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),包数：发送为4，收回为4，丢失为0（丢失率为0%）Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 2ms, Average = 1ms 最小值为1毫秒，最大值为2毫秒，平均值为1毫秒（4）根据IP地址获取域名C:Documents and Settingsstudentping 8Pinging 8 with 32 bytes of data:用32个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=1ms TTL=57Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=57Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=7ms TTL=57Reply from 8: bytes=32 time=2ms TTL=57返回腾讯网：字节为32 时间为2毫秒 生存时间为57Ping statistics for 8:统计网络的数据：Packets: Sent = 4, Received = 4, Lost = 0 (0% loss),包数：发送为4，收回为4，丢失为0（丢失率为0%）Approximate round trip times in milli-seconds:大概循环时间在毫秒：Minimum = 1ms, Maximum = 7ms, Average = 3ms最小值为1毫秒，最大值为7毫秒，平均值为3毫秒（5）根据IP地址获取机器名C:Documents and Settingsstudentping -a Pinging student14 with 32 bytes of data:用32个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Reply from : bytes=32 time10ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 time10ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 time10ms TTL=128Reply from : bytes=32 timeping -n 30 8Pinging 8 with 32 bytes of data:用32个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 time10ms TTL=126Reply from 8: bytes=32 timeping -l 400 0Pinging 0 with 400 bytes of data:用400个数据字节验证网络与计算机的连接Reply from 0: bytes=400 time10ms TTL=62Reply from 0: bytes=400 time10ms TTL=62Reply from 0: bytes=400 time10ms TTL=62Reply from 0: bytes=400 timeIpconfig/allWindows IP Configuration Host Name . . . . . . . . . . . . : r5-045 Primary Dns Suffix . . . . . . . : Node Type . . . . . . . . . . . . : Unknown IP Routing Enabled. . . . . . . . : No WINS Proxy Enabled. . . . . . . . : NoEthernet adapter 本地连接: Connection-specific DNS Suffix . : Description . . . . . . . . . . . : Realtek RTL8139 Family PCI Fast Ethernet NIC Physical Address. . . . . . . . . : 00-E0-4C-4C-A9-DB Dhcp Enabled. . . . . . . . . . . : No IP Address. . . . . . . . . . . . : 5 Subnet Mask . . . . . . . . . . . : Default Gateway . . . . . . . . . : 54 DNS Servers . . . . . . . . . . . : 03、网络连接统计工具NETSTAT.EXE（1）显示所有连接C:Documents and SettingsAdministratornetstat -aActive Connections Proto Local Address Foreign Address State TCP r5-045:epmap r5-045:0 LISTENING TCP r5-045:microsoft-ds r5-045:0 LISTENING TCP r5-045:1161 r5-045:0 LISTENING TCP r5-045:8177 r5-045:0 LISTENING TCP r5-045:10019 r5-045:0 LISTENING TCP r5-045:netbios-ssn r5-045:0 LISTENING TCP r5-045:1028 99:10018 ESTABLISHED TCP r5-045:1045 r5-045:10019 ESTABLISHED TCP r5-045:1681 1:http SYN_SENT TCP r5-045:1682 22:7211 SYN_SENT TCP r5-045:10019 r5-045:1027 CLOSE_WAIT TCP r5-045:10019 r5-045:1045 ESTABLISHED TCP r5-045:1031 r5-045:0 LISTENING UDP r5-045:microsoft-ds *:* UDP r5-045:isakmp *:* UDP r5-045:ms-sql-m *:* UDP r5-045:4500 *:* UDP r5-045:5412 *:* UDP r5-045:5999 *:* UDP r5-045:6000 *:* UDP r5-045:6002 *:* UDP r5-045:ntp *:* UDP r5-045:netbios-ns *:* UDP r5-045:netbios-dgm *:* UDP r5-045:1900 *:* UDP r5-045:ntp *:* UDP r5-045:1099 *:* UDP r5-045:1900 *:*（2）显示所有协议的统计信息C:Documents and SettingsAdministratornetstat -sIPv4 Statistics Packets Received = 142692 Received Header Errors = 0 Received Address Errors = 94 Datagrams Forwarded = 0 Unknown Protocols Received = 0 Received Packets Discarded = 21591 Received Packets Delivered = 121098 Output Requests = 137681 Routing Discards = 0 Discarded Output Packets = 12 Output Packet No Route = 0 Reassembly Required = 0 Reassembly Successful = 0 Reassembly Failures = 0 Datagrams Successfully Fragmented = 0 Datagrams Failing Fragmentation = 0 Fragments Created = 0ICMPv4 Statistics Received Sent Messages 805 811 Errors 0 0 Destination Unreachable 0 6 Time Exceeded 0 0 Parameter Problems 0 0 Source Quenches 0 0 Redirects 0 0 Echos 758 47 Echo Replies 47 758 Timestamps 0 0 Timestamp Replies 0 0 Address Masks 0 0 Address Mask Replies 0 0TCP Statistics for IPv4 Active Opens = 17741 Passive Opens = 12445 Failed Connection Attempts = 13063 Reset Connections = 171 Current Connections = 4 Segments Received = 110285 Segments Sent = 120741 Segments Retransmitted = 9516UDP Statistics for IPv4 Datagrams Received = 10002 No Ports = 59 Receive Errors = 0 Datagrams Sent = 66084、操纵网络路由表的工具ROUTE.EXE（1）显示全部路由信息： C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorroute print=Interface List0x1 . MS TCP Loopback interface0x2 .00 e0 4c 4c a9 db . Realtek RTL8139 Family PCI Fast Ethernet NIC -数据包计划程序微型端口=Active Routes:Network Destination Netmask Gateway Interface Metric 54 5 20 5 5 20 5 55 20 55 55 5 5 20 1 5 5 20 55 55 5 5 1Default Gateway: 54=Persistent Routes: None（2）添加一个路由C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorroute ADD MASK METRIC 3 IF 2Manipulates network routing tables.ROUTE -f -p command destination MASK netmask gateway METRIC metric IF interface -f Clears the routing tables of all gateway entries. If this is used in conjunction with one of the commands, the tables are cleared prior to running the command. -p When used with the ADD command, makes a route persistent across boots of the system. By default, routes are not preserved when the system is restarted. Ignored for all other commands, which always affect the appropriate persistent routes. This option is not supported in Windows 95. command One of these: PRINT Prints a route ADD Adds a route DELETE Deletes a route CHANGE Modifies an existing route destination Specifies the host. MASK Specifies that the next parameter is the netmask value. netmask Specifies a subnet mask value for this route entry. If not specified, it defaults to 55. gateway Specifies gateway. interface the interface number for the specified route. METRIC specifies the metric, ie. cost for the destination.All symbolic names used for destination are looked up in the network databasefile NETWORKS. The symbolic names for gateway are looked up in the host namedatabase file HOSTS.If the command is PRINT or DELETE. Destination or gateway can be a wildcard,(wildcard is specified as a star *), or the gateway argument may be omitted.If Dest contains a * or ?, it is treated as a shell pattern, and onlymatching destination routes are printed. The * matches any string,and ? matches any one char. Examples: 157.*.1, 157.*, 127.*, *224*.Diagnostic Notes: Invalid MASK generates an error, that is when (DEST & MASK) != DEST. Example route ADD MASK IF 1 The route addition failed: The specified mask parameter is invalid. (Destination & Mask) != Destination.Examples: route PRINT route ADD MASK METRIC 3 IF 2 destination mask gateway metric Interface If IF is not given, it tries to find the best interface for a given gateway. route PRINT route PRINT 157* . Only prints those matching 157* route CHANGE MASK METRIC 2 IF 2 CHANGE is used to modify gateway and/or metric only. route PRINT route DELETE route PRINT5、地址解析工具ARP.EXE（1）显示当前 ARP 项C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorroute DELETE The route specified was not found.C:Documents and SettingsAdministratorarp -aInterface: 5 - 0x2 Internet Address Physical Address Type