《华中科技大学文华学院毕业设计(论文)文献综述及外文文献翻译》.doc

华中科技大学文华学院毕业设计（论文）外文文献翻译（本科学生用）题 目：渗滤液和填埋气体在准好氧填埋场中_的质量演变_ _学 生 姓 名： 刘婷 学号：070205011115 _ 学 部（系）: 城市建设工程学部_ 专 业 年 级: 环境工程一班_ _ 指 导 教 师： 金子奇 赵先_ _ 职称 或学位： 副教授 助教_ _2011 年3 月 8 日外文文献翻译（译成中文1000字左右）：【主要阅读文献不少于5篇，译文后附注文献信息，包括：作者、书名（或论文题目）、出 版 社（或刊物名称）、出版时间（或刊号）、页码。提供所译外文资料附件（印刷类含封面、封底、目录、翻译部分的复印件等，网站类的请附网址及原文】渗滤液和填埋气体在准好氧填埋场中的质量演变摘要为了研究半好氧填埋场的特点，在大型模拟填埋场的基础上，构建了semi aerobic填埋场理论。因此，化学需氧量（COD），氨氮，亚硝酸盐氮，并对渗滤液pH值浓度，以及垃圾填埋场填埋气体（甲烷，二氧化碳和氧气）的成分含量进行定期监测52个星期。结果表明，COD和氨氮浓度迅速下降，并没有显示出像厌氧填埋积累规律，并在约300和100毫克/升，分别为48周后仍然存在。与此同时，下降率达到98.9和96.9。 pH值低于7时前8周，之后渗滤液似乎是碱性。二氧化碳是垃圾填埋气体的主要成分，其浓度在贯穿整个过程的稳定程度仍然很高。二氧化碳，氧气和甲烷的平均含量变化在19vol。一个相对平衡是经过48周。室中的垃圾填埋场的最高温度可能达到摄氏75.8度。关键词：准好氧填埋场;稳定;渗滤液;填埋气体引言卫生填埋仍然是都市固体废物的处置目前的主要方法之一。然而，目前的垃圾填埋场填埋处置技术考虑作为一个被动的废物贮存系统，并在垃圾填埋区将水和气体分离。微生物的生物降解的有机化合物限制低水分的垃圾填埋场，这是在不能提供（布克特和火腿，1982年）可行的条件下。生物降解的倾倒垃圾较慢，延长了垃圾填埋场稳定化进程。在迪erent解决的陪同下，垃圾填埋气和渗滤液出现了，可几十年甚至几百年，最后一个的一个结果显示着对环境的负面影响。因此，一些学者开始寻求新的垃圾填埋技术，垃圾填埋场稳定化进程加快和削弱渗滤液污染。1材料与方法1.1模拟准好氧填埋场的建设为了研究半好氧填埋场稳定化工艺特性原位模拟准好氧填埋场，构建了基于准好氧填埋理论。对模拟准好氧填埋结构示意图图1中给出。模拟填埋场的尺寸为21m*6m*3.8m高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）膜铺在填埋场表层，渗滤液收集管道安装了一层直径20厘米的高密度聚乙烯膜。然后，管道上布满了沉淀物。直径20 cm的直立气管对渗滤液收集管一部分进行固定。直立气管被穿孔和砾石笼保护（直径40厘米）的空气流动，将土地层穿透。在此之后，城市固体废物被填满，并且垃圾填埋气收集和温度传感器设置在填埋层高度。最后，模拟填埋场用塑料膜密封。图 1示意图准好氧填埋场。垃圾：城市固体废物。1.2都市固体废物在实验中的使用模拟半好氧填埋场中存在着丝状体250吨（直径在5-20厘米的范围），压实为都市固体废物。废物的组成，在实验中使用的列于表1。2结果与讨论从厌氧好氧环境变化对部分发生在半好氧填埋的地方，在碳转化率增加使得原位曝气，好氧降解有机物后将其转化为气相（主要是二氧化碳）（Pohland和释放发生优素菲，1994）。因此，COD的最高浓度为26486毫克/升。在测试中，这是大大低于厌氧填埋（Kjedsen等。，2002）。这也可能是因为在测试废物的成分者迪eren和他人把渗滤液水质分析延迟一个月造成的。3结论在调查期间所获得的实验结果的基础上，得出以下结论：对COD和氨氮的浓度不但没有造成厌氧填埋场中的积累，而且迅速下降，并保持300至100毫克/升，分别在48周。同时，减少率达到98.9和96.9，分别为：硝酸盐浓度迅速增加并持续24周后，250毫克/升后，持续41周。Evolution on qualities of leachate and landfill gas in the semi-aerobic landfillAbstractTo study the characteristics of stabilization in semi-aerobic landfill, large-scale simulated landfill was constructed based on the semiaerobic landfill theory. Consequently, the concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonia nitrogen, and nitrite nitrogen, and the pH value in leachate, as well as the component contents of landfill gas composition (methane, carbon dioxide, and oxygen) in landfill were regularly monitored for 52 weeks. The results showed that COD and ammonia concentrations declined rapidly and did not show the accumulating rule like anaerobic landfill, and remained at about 300 and 100 mg/L, respectively, after 48 weeks. Meanwhile, the descending rate reached 98.9% and 96.9%, respectively. Nitrate concentration increased rapidly after 24 weeks and fluctuated between 220280 mg/L after 43 weeks. The pH values were below 7 during the first 8 weeks and after that leachates appeared to be alkaline. Carbon dioxide was the main composition in landfill gas and its concentration remained at a high level through the whole stabilization process. The average contents of carbon dioxide, oxygen, and methane varied between 19 vol.%28 vol.%, 2 vol.%8 vol.%, and 5 vol.%13 vol.%, respectively. A relative equilibrium was reached after 48 weeks. The highest temperature in the landfill chamber could amount to 75.8 degrees centigrade.Key words: semi-aerobic landfill; stabilization; leachate; landfill gasIntroductionSanitary landfilling is still one of the principal methodsof municipal solid waste disposal at present. However,current landfill disposal techniques consider landfill siteas a passive waste storage system, and waste in landfillis isolated from water and gas. The biodegradation of organic compounds is restricted for low moisture in landfill, which cannot provide microorganism with feasible conditions (Bookter and Ham, 1982). The dumped refuse will biodegrade slowly, which lengthens the process of landfill stabilization. Accompanied by di_erent settlement, landfill gas and leachate were discharged, which can last for decades or even centuries and result in a significant negative impact on the environment. Therefore, several scholars started to seek new landfill techniques to accelerate the landfill stabilization process and to weaken leachate pollution.1 Materials and methods1.1 In situ scale simulated semi-aerobic landfill construction。To study the characteristics of the semi-aerobic landfill stabilization process, in situ simulated semi-aerobic landfill was constructed based on the theory of semi-aerobic landfilling. The schematicconfiguration of simulated semi-aerobic landfill is presented in Fig.1. The dimensions of simulated landfill were 21 m _ 3.8 m _ 6 m. High density polyethylene (HDPE) membrane was laid on thelandfill floor, and the leachate collecting pipes of 20 cm in diameter were installed on the HDPE membrane. Then pipes were covered with gravels. Three erect windpipes of 20 cm in diameter were fixed on the part of the leachate collecting pipe. The erect windpipes were perforated and protected by gravel cages (40 cm in diameter) to vail air flowing and penetrating into land layer. After that, municipal solid waste was filled in, and landfill gas collecting sets and temperature sensor were installed in landfill layer at di_erent altitude. The simulated landfill was sealed with plastic membrane finally.Fig. 1 Schematic of semi-aerobic landfill. MSW: municipal solid waste.1.2 Municipal solid waste used in experiments The simulated semi-aerobic landfill was filled with 250t of shredded (diameter in the range of 520 cm) and compacted municipal solid waste. The composition of waste used in the experiments is given in Table 1.2 Results and discussionA change from anaerobic to partial aerobic environment took place in semi-aerobic landfill, resulting in an increased carbon conversion during in situ aeration, occuringwith the aerobic degradation of organic compounds and their release into gas phase (mainly as carbon dioxide) (Pohland and Yousfi, 1994). As a result, the highest concentration of COD was 26,486 mg/L in the test, which was considerably lower than that in anaerobic landfill (Kjed