2018中考语法讲解与练习14——主谓一致.doc

2018中考语法讲解与练习14主谓一致英语语法是英语的重要部分，在中考的选择题、语法填空、改错、造句以及作文都会涉及，本套练习从既有讲解又有练习，是复习的好资料，提分的好助手。语法讲解：一、主谓一致三原则 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。 1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student. 汤姆是个好学生。 They often play football on the playground. 他们经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now. 我们一家人现在正吃午饭。 Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book. 这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。例如： Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football. 不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、 主谓一致常考题型 1. 单数名词(代词)，不可数名词作主语时，谓语用单数形式，复数名词(代词)作主语，谓语用复数形式。The desk is Toms. 这张桌子是汤姆的。 Some water is in the bottle. 一些水在瓶子里。 The students are playing football on the playground. 这些学生正在操场上踢足球。 2. many a+单数名词作主语，意义虽为“许多”，但谓语要用单数形式。Many a student has been to Shanghai. 许多学生到过上海。 3. more than one+单数名词作主语，谓语用单数。More than one student has ever been to Beijing. 不止一个学生曾经去过北京。 4. 表示时间，价格，重量，数目，长度，数学运算等的词或短语作主语时，这些通常作一个整体概念，谓语用单数形式。例如： Two months is a long holiday. 两个月是一个长假。 Twenty pounds isnt so heavy. 2 0英镑并不太重。 Ten miles isnt a long distance. 1 0英里并不是一段很长的距离。 Five minus four is one. 5减4等于1。 5. 主语是each/every+单数名词+and(each/every)+单数名词时，谓语动词用单数。Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每个男孩和女孩都有一个座位。 Every man and every woman is at work. 每个男人和女人都在工作。 6. one and a half+复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。 One and a half hours is enough. 一个半小时足够了。 7. 动词不定式，动名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。To see is to believe 眼见为实。 Doing eye exercises is good for your eyes. 做眼睛保健操对你的眼睛十分有益。 8. a/an+单数名词+or two 作主语，谓语动词用单数。A student or two has failed the exam. 一两个学生考试不及格。 9. 当主语部分含有with，together with，along with，as well as，besides，except，but，like等介词或介词短语时，谓语动词用单数形式；但“名词+as well as+名词”时，谓语动词一般应与第一个名词一致。Mike with his father has been to England. 迈克同他的父亲去过英格兰。 Mike,like his brother,enjoys playing football 迈克像他的哥哥一样喜欢踢足球。 The students as well as the teacher were present at the meeting.10. 由and连接的两个单数名词作主语时，一般用复数形式，但and所连接的并列主语是同一个人，事物，或概念时，谓语动词用单数。这两种情况区分如下：a/the+单数名词+and+单数名词，指的是同一个人或物；a/the+单数名词+and+a/the+单数名词，指两个人或物。The writer and teacher is coming. 那位作家兼教师来了。(作家和教师指同一个人) The writer and the teacher are coming. 作家和老师来了。(作家和老师是两个人) 11. people,police等集体名词作主语，谓语动词用复数形式，family,class,group,team等集体名词作主语，若指一个整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，若指一个具体成员时，谓语动词复数形式。 People here are very friendly. 这儿的人很友好。 His family isnt large. 他家的人不多。 My family all like watching TV. 我们一家人都喜欢看电视。 12. 不定代词somebody, someone, something, anybody, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing作主语，谓语动词用单数， Is everyone here today. 今天大家到齐了吗？ Something is wrong with him. 他有毛病。 Nobody was in. 没有人在家。 13. each, either, neither, another, the other 作主语，谓语动词用单数。Each of them has an English dictionary. 他们每人都有一本英语词典。 Neither answer is correct. 两个答案都不正确。 14. 以s 结尾的名词本身不表示复数意义，谓语通常用单数形式，如news, maths, physics等， No news is good news. 没有消息就是好消息。 Maths is very popular in our class 在我们班数学很受欢迎。 15. 由bothand连接两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；由or, eitheror， neithernor, not onlybut also, notbut,连接两个名词或代词作主语时，根据就近原则决定谓语动词形式。Either my wife or I am going.Neither you, nor I, nor anyone else knows the answer.Not only you but also he is ready to leave.如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.16. 如果主语是由“a series of, a kind of, a portion of+等+名词”构成时，动词一般用单数形式。 A series of pre-recorded taps has been prepared for language laboratory use. 但a variety of, a number of +名词复数，动词要用复数形式; .而the number of +复数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数。 On exhibition there are a great variety of consumer goods.The number of the students is over eight houndred17以here，there开关的句子，若主语在两个或两个以上，谓语动词通常与临近的主语一致 There is a book and three pens on the desk. Here are some books and paper for you. 18. the+形容词表示一类人时，谓语动词用复数形式，表示抽象概念时，用单数形式. The poor are very happy,but the rich are sad. The beautiful lives forever. 美是永存的。 三肯定与否定一致 下列形容词、副词、代词从肯定句变成否定句时须作相应的变化。 Weve had some(money). We havent had any(money). I was talking to someone. I wasnt talking to anyone. They sometimes visit us. They rarely (never, seldom)visit us. He has arrived already. He hasnt arrived yet. Li is coming too. Li isnt coming either. Both of us are going. Neither of us are going. He likes both of them. He doesnt like either of them.注意：so/neither+助动词+名词/代词结构中须用倒装语序。 My wife like classic music very much and so do I. She doesnt like jazz and neither do I.练习：1、Next Saturday there _ going to _ a flower show in the park which we visited last month.Ais; be Bis; have Cwas; be Dwas; have2、Whats on the desk?There _ a dictionary and some flowers.The flowers are very beautiful.Aare Bis Cwas Dwere 3、There _ a dog and some cats in the picture.Aare Bis Cwill Ddo4、Will the foreigners have any problems talking with Chinese people in China?I dont think so.Now _ the young _ the old are learning to speak English.Aneither; nor Beither; or Conly; except Dnot only; but also5、Not only you but also everyone here _ watching football matches.Alikes Blike Cis like 6、Mr. Smith, together with his wife, _ coming soon.A. are B. is C. were D. does7、Two months _ a long time. We can visit our grandparents during the vacation. A. am B. is C. are8、Everyone in England Christmas. A. enjoy B. enjoying C. will enjoy D. enjoys9、The tickets of the film Zootopia are hard to get. The film makes both adults and children _. A. becoming positive B. become positive C. to become positive10、Neither my wife nor I myself _ able to teach my daughter to sing English songs.A. has been B. is C. are D. am11、Not only the teacher but also the students enjoying the film at that momentA. are B. is C. were D. was12、The teacher said that the earth _around the sun.A. went B. goes C. will go D. going13、Our teacher told us in class the earth around the sun. A. traveling B. to travel C. travels D. traveled14、Jim often _ to the library on weekends. He likes reading books.A.will go B.is going C.goes D.went15、The supermarket is far from Marys house . So she _ only once a week. A. goes shopping B. has been there C. was shopping D. has gone there16、-Who is that lady? -Shes Miss Green. She us music, and she is so good. A. taught B. teaches C. will teach D. is teaching17、Both you and I _ wrong.A. was B. am C. were D. is 18、I like that music, but the lyrics _ good enough.A. arent B. are C. isnt D. is19、Not only they but also I_interested in football. Messi is my favourite star. A. be B. am C. is D. are 20、His legs are very long and they _ under the desk.A. not fit B. dont fit C. arent fit D. doesnt fit 21、There _ fresher air and greener trees. A. are B. is C. was22、Three years _ a long time to be cut off from contact with your friends. A. are B. were C. is D. be23、A group of boys and girls _ dancing in the park. Ais Bare Cbe Ddid24、“I think neither this book nor that one mine.” he said.A. are B. is C. were D. was25、Nobody except Tom and Mary _ in the classroom.The other students are watching the basketball game on the playground now.Aam Bis Care Dwas26、_ my father _ my mother is busy at work, so I have to look after myself.ABoth; and BNeither; norCNot only; but also DEither; or27、What can you see in the picture?I can see a farm.And there _ many animals on it .Ahas Bis Chave Dare28、Many a student _ that mistake before.Ahad made Bhas been made Chave made Dhas made29、Six months _ too long for a child living alone. Aare Bis Cwait Dwaits30、No one who can play well _ here now.Either of you _ the chance to win. Ais; has Bis; have Care; has Dare; have31、The police _ that the criminal _ on the run. Areport; is Breport; are Creports; is Dreports; are32、The singer and actor _ a wonderful performance. Agive Bgives Cis Dare33、When and where to build the new factory_ yet.Ais not decided Bare not decided Chas not been decided Dhave not been decided34、There _ two football matches in the gym（体育场）next weekAwill be going to Bwill haveCis going to be Dare going to be35、Everyone in our class_Aenjoys to swim Benjoy to swim Cenjoys swimming Denjoy swimming36、The rest of the students _ not allowed to leave the classroom at that time.A. are B. is C. was D. were37、-Our school is beautiful!-It will be more beautiful if more trees and grass _ by us.Aplant Bplants Cis planted Dare planted参考答案一、选择题1、A2、B3、B4、D5、A6、B7、B8、D9、B 10、D11、C12、B13、C14、C15、A16、B17、C18、A19、B20、B 21、B22、C 23、B24、B25、B26、C27、D28、D29、B30、A31、A32、B33、C34、D35、C36、D37、D 2018年中考资料介绍英语部分1. 中考词汇辨析122组 2.中学英语词组大全3.初中必背的英语重点词组句型4.中考英语词组必考必备5.中考英语各种题型的解题技巧6