四级阅读理解.ppt

ReadingComprehension Shirley Overview IntroductionVocabularyReadingskillsConclusion Introduction 大纲要求领会式掌握4500词复用式掌握2500词常用词组 Introduction WholePaperStructureReadingPartconsists 1 3time35 Fastreading15minutesReadindepth10minutesCarefulreading15minutes Introduction Astovocabulary灵活运用能力Quiz Vocabulary Howtomemorizewords phrases Fallasleep Half hearted Forinstance SmallTalk Sentenceinterpretation Longsentenceanalysis Structure 考点分析1 动词非谓语形式Johnregretted tothemeetinglastweek A notgoingB nottogoC nothavingbeengoingD notobegoing Structure 考点分析2 虚拟语气Itwasessentialthattheapplicationforms backbeforethedeadline A mustbesentB wouldbesentC besentD weresent Structure 考点分析3 倒装句 强调句Solittle aboutmathematicsthatthelecturewascompletelybeyondme A IknowB IknewC doIknowD didIknow Structure 4 固定句型 名词从句 定语从句 独立主格结构等 I dratherhavearoomofmyown howeversmallitis than aroomwithsomeoneelse A toshareB tohavesharedC ShareD sharing Structure Strategies1 先看选择项 后看题句Itisoftheutmostimportancethatyou hereontime A beB shallbeC aretobeD mustbe Structure Strategies2 用排除法选答案Becausethefirstpairofpantsdidnotfitproperly heaskedfor A anotherpantsB otherspantsC theothersonesD anotherpair strategies 3 结构判断法 hedoesgetannoyedwithhersometimes A AlthoughmuchhelikesherB MuchalthoughhelikesherC AshelikeshermuchD Muchashelikesher strategies 4 逆向思维法Theownerandeditorofthenewspaper theconference A wereattendingB weretoattendC istoattendD aretoattend 重点语法归纳 时态 语态虚拟语气 条件式和命令式非谓语动词 不定式 动名词和分词各类从句倒装 一致关系 虚拟语气 if引导的虚拟条件句的用法如下 时间if条件句的谓语形式主句的谓语形式现在过去时would could might 动词原形 过去过去完成时would could might 现在完成式将来wereto 动词原形would could might should 动词原形 虚拟语气 命令式虚拟语气可归纳如下1 wish后宾语从句的虚拟语气Williamwishesnowthathe EnglishinsteadofFrenchwhenhewasinhighschool A havestudiedC hadstudiedB studiesD studied答案是C 命令式虚拟语气 2 在ifonly感叹句中IfonlyI whatyouwanted A knewC hadknownB knowD haveknown答案是C 命令式虚拟语气 3 在wouldrather sooner 后的that从句中I dratheryou thoseimportantdocumentswithyou A don ttakeC won ttakeB didn ttakeD nottake答案是B 命令式虚拟语气 4 在asif asthough从句中Sheactsasifshe theonlypersonaffectedbytheruling A isC wouldbeB wereD willbe答案是B 命令式虚拟语气 5 在It s high about time后的that从句中 谓语动词一般用过去式 Isn titabouttimeyou todosomework A beginC shouldbeganB havebegunD began答案是D 命令式虚拟语气 6 在suggest等动词及其相应名词之后的that从句中advise agree ask command decide demand desire insist maintain move order propose recommend request require rule suggest urge etc 命令式虚拟语气 Thedoctorsuggestedthatyourbrother hisrighthand A avoidtouseB hasavoidedusingC avoidusingD avoidedtouse答案是C 命令式虚拟语气 常见的相应名词有 advice command agreement decision demand desire motion proposal recommendation request requirement suggestion idea order plan policy wish etc 命令式虚拟语气 Ourdemandisthatanotherexperiment A shallbemadeC mustbemadeB willbemadeD bemade 命令式虚拟语气 7 在Itis was 形容词后的that从句中这类形容词有 advisable appropriate essential necessary possible preferable proper 等 命令式虚拟语气 It sadvisablethattheSportMeets owingtothebadweather A mustbeputoffB beputoffC couldbeputoffD oughttoputoff 命令式虚拟语气 8 用在以lest forfearthat和incase所引导的目的状语从句中 这时谓语动词多用should加动词原形构成 如 Takeanumbrellawithyouincaseitshouldrain 带上雨伞吧 以防下雨 其他情况的虚拟语气 1 公式化的句子中的虚拟语气 用动词原形 不和主语保持人称 时态和数的一致 或 may 动词原形 经常倒装 构成的谓语来体现 如 公式化的句子 Godblessyou Mayyouenjoyyourholiday Longlivepeace Comewhatmay we llgoaheadwithourplan 其他情况的虚拟语气 2 错综时间非真实条件中的虚拟语气 Ifwehadsetoutearlier wewouldn tbewallingintherain 其他情况的虚拟语气 3 在带有butfor引出的短语的句子中 Wewouldhavebeeninrealtroublebutforyourhelp 其他情况的虚拟语气 4 在带有butthat从句的句子中 butthat从句中用陈述语气 主句中用虚拟语气 如 Butthatyouhelpedhim hewouldhavefailed ifyouhadn thelpedhim 其他情况的虚拟语气 5 With或without引出的短语有时表示和事实相反的情况 此时句子中的动词要用虚拟语气 Wewouldneverhavegottherewithouttheguide ifwehadn thadtheguide 其他情况的虚拟语气 6 在otherwise或or引出的分句中 动词根据情况可用陈述语气或虚拟语气 如 6 在otherwise或or引出的分句中 Hurryup otherwise oryouwillbelate Iusedacomputer otherwise oritwouldhavetakenmemuchlongertofinishthework otherwise or ifIhadn tusedacomputer 其他情况的虚拟语气 7 在假设情况由上下文或其他方式表现出来的句子中 如 Hewouldhavegivenyoumorehelp buthehasbeensobusy Hewouldhavedonebetterundermorefavorableconditions 重点语法归纳 非谓语动词 不定式 动名词和分词 动词不定式 有些动词可用不定式作宾语 afford agree ask attempt beg begin choose claim decide demand desire expect fail fear forget hate help hesitate intend learn like love manage mean offer plan prefer refuse remember start want wish等 动名词 有些动词只能用动名词作宾语 如 admit appreciate avoid consider deny enjoy finish keep mind postpone practice suggest spend quit recall resist等 动名词 常见的后接动名词作宾语的动词短语有 approveof counton dependon giveup insiston keepon succeedin thinkabout putoff persistin relyon can thelp beusedto betteroff feellike leaveoff lookforwardto 等 Quiz 1 Thechildrenwenttheretowatchtheirontower A toerectC erectingB beerectedD beingerected2 Thespeaker forhersplendidspeeches waswarmlyreceivedbytheaudience AHavingknownB beingknownC KnowingD known 3 IwasaskedifIwouldconsider theinvitation accept 4 Ihavenoobjectionto yourstoryagain A HearingB hearC tohearD heard5 thejokebefore Ididnotfinditfunnythesecondtime A HearingB HeardC tohearD Havingheard 6 Theypreferredtostayathome A thangotothemoviesB thantogotothemoviesC ratherthangotothemoviesD ratherthantogotothemovies7 Hesaidthetablewanted A torepairB repairingC repairedD beingrepaired 8 Ifthemaidcomestoday pleasehaveher myshirts A washedB washingC towashD wash9 Theteacherdoesn tpermit inclass A smokeB smokingC tosmokeD tohavesmoke10 withtheearningsofthepastthreeyears theincomeofthecompanywasgreaterthaneverbefore compare Tobecompared comparing compared Keys 1 5DDacceptingAD6 10CBDBC 名词从句 主语从句Thatthenoonmovesroundtheearthiswellknowntoallofus Whattheyareafterisprofit Whenthemeetingistobeheldhasnotyetbeendecided Whethershewilljoinuswon tmaketoomuchdifference Whichwayismoreeffectiveisstillaquestion 主语从句 按照英语的习惯 有些句子可以把it放在句首 作形式主语 而将主语从句放在后面 Itiswellknowntoallofusthatthemoonmovesroundtheearth Ithasnotyetbeendecidedwhenthemeetingistobeheld Itwon tmaketoomuchdifferencewhethershewilljoinus Itisstillaquestionwhichwayismoreeffective 表语从句 Myquestionishowinformationisstoredinthelong termmemory Thiswasjustwhenourcompanywasbeingformed That swhywedecidedtoputthediscussionoff 同位语从句 主句中有些词义比较抽象的名词 如belief doubt evidence idea fact hope possibility thought等 可以用that或连接代 副 词引出的从句作同位语 叫作同位语从句 Thereisnodoubtthatalargenumberofpeoplebenefitfromheartsurgery ThereisthenewsthatsomeBritishcustomerswillvisitourcompany Weallknowthefactthatorganizationhelpsmemorization 重点语法归纳 倒装句1 否定意义的词位于句首引起的倒装 如 barely hardly scarcely seldom never nowhere little等 倒装句 LittledidIthinkayearagothatIcouldworkforyourcompany Neverbeforehasourcountrybeensorapidlydevelopingasitistoday 倒装句 2 否定意义的短语位于句首于引起的倒装atnotime从不 从来没有bynomeans决不 决不是innocase决不innoway决不undernocircumstance决不 倒装句 invain徒劳nolonger不再 已不nomore不再 也不noteventhen甚至连 也不notforamoment从不notuntil直到 才onnoaccount决不 倒装句 Undernocircumstancesshallwediscontinuetheworkwe vebegun Innowaycantheorybeseparatedfrompractice 倒装句 3 一些短语性连词引起的倒装notonly but also 不仅 而且nosooner thanhardly scarcely when一 就 倒装句 Hardlyhadhesaidanythingbeforeheleft Scarcelyhadshefallenasleepwhenaknockatthedoorawakenedher NosoonerhadAnnearrivedtherethanhefellin 倒装句 4 only 状语位于句首引起的倒装 如 Onlythendidthedoctorrealizethathispatientneededmoney Onlywhenyouadjustdownyourpricetosomeextentcanweconcludethebusiness 倒装句 5 so nor neither引起的倒装 如 RichardcanspeakJapanese Socanhissister Hedidn tsayanything Nor Neither didhisassistant 倒装句 7 强调性倒装 如so hence nowhere thus等副词位于句首以示强调时 Herecomesthebus Theregoesthebell Thenfollowsthefashionshow 倒装句 7 句子成分前提引起的倒装为强调句子中的某一成分 如表语 宾语或状语等 常将该成分提前置于句首 造成倒装 如 Theharderyouwork thegreaterprogressyouwillmake 倒装句 8 as引导的让步状语从句TryasImight Icouldn liftthestone 倒装句 9 省略连词if的虚拟条件句中的倒装若虚拟条件句中含有were或had should等助动词或情态动词时 连词if可被省略 省略后 主句不变 if从句的主谓要颠倒 将were之类的词提至句首 形成倒装 倒装句 Hadtheynotbeenworkingsohard theywouldnothaveachievedsomuch 平行结构 见资料 一致关系 真题练习 1 Jackwishesthathe businessinsteadofhistorywhenhewasinuniversity A studiesB studyC hadbeenstudyingD hadstudied2 Whilecrossingthemountainarea allthemencarriedgunslest bywildanimals A shouldbeattackedB hadbeenattackedC mustbeattackedD wouldbeattacked 真题练习 3 Thebankisreportedinthelocalnewspaper inbroaddaylightyesterday A robbedB tohavebeenrobbedC beingrobbedD havingbeenrobbed4 Hesaidthatthedrivermusthavehadanaccident otherwisehe bythen A wouldhavearrivedB musthavearrivedC shouldarriveD wouldarrive 真题练习 5 Idon tmind thedecisionaslongasitisnottoolate A youtodelaymakingB yourdelayingmakingC yourdelayingtomakeD yourdelaytomake6 Theroomisinterriblemess it cleaned A can thavecleanB shouldn thavebeenC mustn thavebeenD wouldn thavebeen Vocabulary 考点分析词类相同词义不同的词或词组 多义词 同义词 近义词 近形词 短语动词 即动词 小品词 固定搭配 包括名词 介词 名词 形容词 动词 名词等 1 词类相同词义不同 The ofbloodalwaysmakeshimfeelsick A formB viewC LookDsight 2 近义词 Althoughtheyplanttreesinthisareaeveryyear thetopsofsomehillsarestill A blankB hollowC vacantDbare 3 同根词 Thefootballgamecomestoyou fromNewYork A livelyB aliveCliveD living 4 近形异义词 Wemust ourforestsandwoodlandsforfuturegenerations A reverseB reserveCconserveD convert 5 固定搭配 Inrecentyearsmuchmoreemphasishasbeenput developingthestudents productiveskills A ontoB inC overDon Vocabulary 应试技巧1 根据词的固定搭配选择答案 记住介 副词的本意是关键 Heisindifferent hardshipsanddangers A ofB inCtoD at Vocabulary get使getsth acrossgetintogetthroughgetovergetalonggetawaygetsb downgetdownto Vocabulary 应试技巧2 通过区别同义或近义词 本质区别最重要 Inthetheatretheactorsarevery tothereactionoftheaudience A sensibleBsensitiveC emotionalD positive Vocabulary 应试技巧3 根据上下文的逻辑含义以及主从句之间的关系选择答案Thenightwasso thatnotasoundcouldbeheard AquietB darkC beautifulD dangerous Vocabulary 应试技巧4 根据常识选择答案MarkTwainwasnottheauthor srealname itwasa A nicknameBpseudonymC SurnameD sign Vocabulary e g Adarksuitis toalightoneforeveningwear A favorableB suitableCpreferableD proper Vocabulary 应试技巧5 采用排除法选择答案Whenhefoundthathiscarwasstolen hewasmadwith A delightBwra