therebe用法总结.doc

there be用法总结There be 结构是英语中陈述事物客观存的常用句型,表示有,其确切含义是存在there 作为引导词,本身没有意义,用动词be的某些形式作为谓语动词,它的主语是用一些表示泛指或不定特指的名词词组,动词be和 主语的数必须一致。句子最后通常为表示地点和时间的状语。因此要表达某个地方或某个时间存在什么事物或人的时候常用There be + 名词+ 地点(时间)这一句型。例如: There is a great Italian deli across the street. 穿过街道,有一家大的意大利熟食店。 There are some students in the dormitory. 在宿舍里有一些学生。 一、There be 结构中的主谓一致 1.当动词be后所接的名词是单数可数名词或不可数名词时,be 应该取单数is;当其后所接的名词是复数的可数名词时,be用复数are。 Theres a man at the door. 门口有个人。 There is some apple juice in the bottle. 瓶子里有些苹果汁。 There are some strangers in the street. 大街上有一些陌生人。 2.如果There be 后面是几个并列名词做主语时,动词be的形式和最靠近它的那个名词保持数的一致。 There is an ashtray and two bottles on the shelf. 架子上有一只烟灰缸和两个瓶子。 There are two bottles and an ashtray on the shelf. 架子上有两个瓶子和一个烟灰缸。 二、There be 结构中的时态 1.There be 句型中动词be可以有一般现在时、一般过去时、将来时和完成时。 There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试。 There were fabulous wildflowers in the hills last spring. 去年春天,山中有极美的野花。 There will be a fine day tomorrow. 明天将是一个晴天。 There have been several private schools in our area this year. 今年,我们这里已经有好几所私立学校了。 2.There be 句型可以和各种助动词、情态动词连用。 There may be a cigarette in that box. 那只盒子里或许有支香烟。 There must be some cakes on the table. 桌子上一定有些蛋糕。 There used to be a hospital there before the war. 战前,那里曾经有家医院。 3.There be 句型也可以和这样一些的谓语动词连用:be going to 、seem to 、appear to 、used to、be likely to 、happen to . There seem to be a few trees between me and the green. 在我与草坪之间好像有一些树。 There is gong to be a meeting tonight. 今天晚上有个会议。 There is likely to be a storm. 可能有一场暴雨。 There happened to be a bus nearby. 碰巧附近有辆公交车。 There appears to have been a nasty accident. 似乎发生了一起严重事故。 4.there be 结构中除可以用be 外,还可以用其它动词。例如: There came a scent of lime-blossom. 飘来一阵菩提树的花香。 Once upon a time there lived a king in China. 从前中国有一个国王。 三、There be 句型的否定句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和反意疑问句 1.There be 句型的否定句有两种构成方式,一种是将否定副词not放在be 之后,如: There isnt a box in the room. 房间里没有盒子。 There arent any pens on the desk. 课桌上没有钢笔。 There hasnt been any rain for a week. 一周没下雨了。 There wont be a meeting today. 今天没有会议。 另一种是在主语前加上不定代词no , 如: There is no water in the bottle. 瓶子里没有水。 There are no pictures on the wall. 墙上没有图画。 There will be no one at home tomorrow morning. 明天上午不会有人在家。 There might be no money left。 或许没有剩下什么钱。 2.There be 句型的一般疑问句是将be 放在there 之前,回答时用yes或no,后接简单答语。如: Is there a cake on the table? 桌子上有块蛋糕吗? Yes,there is. / No,there isnt. 是,有。/ 不,没有。 Will there be a party tonight? 今晚有聚会吗? Yes,there will./ No, there wont 是的,有。/ 不,没有。 Have there been any letters from your mother lately? 近日你妈妈有信来吗? Yes,there have./ No, there havent. 是,有的。/ 不,没有。 3.There be 句型的特殊疑问句主要有how many和how much做引导词两种情况: How many students are there in your school? 你们学校有多少学生? How much money is there in your pocket? 你口袋里有多少钱? 4.There be 句型的反意疑问句 There is a cup on the table, isnt there? 桌子上有只杯子,是吗? There is some orange in the glass, isnt there? 杯子里有桔汁,是吗? There are a lot of letters in the mailbox, arent there? 邮筒里有很多信件,是吗? There will be a new hospital nearby, wont there? 附近要建一家新医院,是吗? 四、There be 结构的非谓语动词形式 There be 结构的非谓语动词形式是there to be 和there being 两种形式。在句中作主语、宾语和状语。 1. there being 结构起名词的作用,直接位于句首作主语,通常用it 作形式主语,并且用for引导。 There being a bus stop near my house is a great advantage.我家旁边有个公共汽车站,很是方便。 It is impossible for there to be any more. 不可能再有了。 2. there be 结构作宾语时,通常用there to be ,常作这样一些词的宾语:expect,like, mean, intend, want,prefer,hate等。 I expect there to be no argument about this. 我期望关于这件事不要再争吵了。 I should prefer there to be no discussion of my private affairs. 我宁愿不要讨论我的私事。 People dont want there to be another war. 人们不希望再有战争了。 另外,作介词宾语时,如果是介词for,只能用there to be其它介词用there being The teacher was waiting for there to be complete silence. 老师在等着大家都安静下来。 I never dreamed of there being any good chance for me. 我做梦也没想到我会有好机会。 3. 作状语的there be 形式,通常用there being结构。 There being nothing else to do ,we went home. 因为没有其他事可做,我们就回家了。 They closed the door ,there being no customers. 因为没有顾客,他们的店关门了。 五、There be 结构和have的区别与联系 1.区别点:there be 意为存在,强调某地有某物,不表示所属关系;have 表示所有关系, 强调某人或某地有某物,这是其基本用法。如: There are some trees in front of the house. 房前有些树。 Tom has many friends in China. 汤姆在中国有许多朋友。 2.相同点:在表示结构上的含有时,既可以用there be 句型,也可以用have(has) 来表示。如: 中国有许多长河。 There are many long rivers in China. China has many long rivers. 三月份有多少天? How many days are there in March? How many days has March?It的用法总结及训练笔者综观近年湖北和全国各地高考试卷和模拟试题，不难发现的it用法在英语基础知识部分考查的比较多，出现的频率也很高，学生也不是弄的非常清楚。仔细研究不难发现，it的用法涉及到的考点不外乎以下几点：1It作代词的用法（包括人称代词和非人称代词），而尤以后者出现的形式多。2作形式主语3作形式宾语4用在固定搭配中5与强调句（此种结构考查的次数最多，应该引起我们平时备考的足够重视）现将其常见用法归纳如下： 一、.it作人称代词1.it的最基本用法是作代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复:Ningbo is a beautiful city, isnt it?They watched the train until it disappeared in the distance.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子):Is this your dog？No, it isnt.3.也可指抽象事物:It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that-I want to stay. -Your father wont like it.二、.非人称代词itit有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、日期、距离、价值、度量、温度、环境等，称为非人称的it：1.指天气：It is a lovely day, isnt it? It is a bit windy.2.指时间: It was nearly midnight when she came back. 3.指环境: It was very quiet in the caf. 4.指距离：It is half an hours walk to the city centre. 5指日期：Whats the date toda? Its the eleventh,October.6指季节：It is summer now.7指度量：It is about 20 pound/kg8.指价值：- Whats the cost of the dictionary?-It is sixty-three.9 Its 35 centigrade now. So I feel hot.三、it的其他用法1.表示谁在做某事的句子： (作不定的形式主语)-Who is it? -Its me. Who is it there? Its I (me/you/he.).I thought it was Mary, but it was not she.Her face lighted when she saw who it was. 2.用来泛泛的指某件事： (有时泛指一般情况)-So you are going to be married this time？-When is it？ It doesnt matter. It is a shame, isnt it?How is it going?(情况怎样）Its your turn to be on duty.It says in the newspaper that.3.it用在一些词组中，it 没有特别的意思The last trains gone.Come on, well foot it.(来，咱们步行吧。）四、作形式主语，替代不定式，ing形式或主语从句作形式主语替代主语从句1. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear. 4. It is important ( necessary， right， strange， natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 2. It is said (reported/ learned/believed/thought/known/told/hoped.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命令） It is suggested that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours. 3. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为是（正是）的时侯 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed. It is time you bought a new car.It is (high ) time you made up your mind.It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型要和上一个句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换常译为是第一（二）次。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 4.It is a pity ( a shame /an honour/a good thing/a fact,/a surprise/. ) that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ It is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 5. It happens (seems， looks， appears ) that. 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems that he will be back in a few days. 看来 作形式主语替代不定式1. . It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， cruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so. . It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) come to the party. 2.It takes sb. . to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为做要花费某人。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 作形式主语替代ing形式It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no good learning English without speaking English. Its useless trying to argue with Shylock.五、作形式宾语，代替不定式，ing形式，宾语从句。We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语it；2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days.The Internet makes it easier for companies to keep in touch with customers.六、.it的重要句型 1.强调句 It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who . 该句型是强调句型。将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father. It was yesterday that I met her in the street.It is you that /who are wrong.I think it was Jack said this.(其中省略了who 或that)What is it you want me to do?(it 后省略了that)It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famous film star until she took off her dark glasses.2. It is . since .。 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died. It is years since I enjoyed myself so much.3. It is . when .。 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为当的时候，是 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 4. It be . before . 该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long， not long ， 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为之后。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 5. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。It doesnt matter if they are old. 6. It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. It looks as if it hasnt been washed following the instructions.配套练习1。.Complete the sentences,paying attention to the structures of them and the use of it.1._(据报道)that dozens of children died in the accident.2._(真遗憾)that he cant swim at his age.3._(很可能)that they will beat us tonight.4._（看来）that he enjoys pop songs very much.5._（仍然是一个问题）when we shall have our sports meet.6._(还不确定)whether he can attend this conference or not.7._（不要紧/没关系）whether we go together or separately.8.Its up to you _（决定是否接受这项工作）。9.It is important _（我们学英语）.10.It is kind _（你们帮助我）.11.It took me five days _（解决这个问题）.12.Its no use _（与她争论）.(Suggested answers:1.It was reportedIt be+p.p.(known,thought,told,believed,hoped)+that-clause2.It is a pityIt be+n.(an honour,a good thing,a fact,a surprise)+that-clause3.It is likelyIt be+adj.(wonderful,true,important,surprising,clear)+that-clause4.It seemsIt seems/appears/happens+that-clause5.It is still a questionIt be+n.+wh-/how-clause6.It is uncertainIt be+adj.(not decided,uncertain)+wh-/how-clause7.It doesnt matterIt doesnt matter(Its no wonder;It doesnt make too much difference)+wh-/how-clause8.to decide whether to take the job or notIts up to sb.to do sth.9.for us to learn EnglishIt be+adj.(difficult,easy,hard,important)for sb.to do sth.10.of you to help meIt be+adj.(kind,nice,brave,clever,stupid)of sb.to do sth.11.to solve the problem.It takes(took)sb.to do sth.12.arguing with herIts no use(no good,useless)doing sth.)2。it can be used in some other structures to express time.Lets do another exercise on the screen.Complete the sentences1._(已经有三年了)since his father passed away.2._(不久)the police arrived.3._(已经八点了)when we got home.4._（该的时候了）she wrote a letter to her boyfriend.5._(这是第一次)that these Europeans have visited the Great Wall.6._（我们该）to go to school.(1.It is/has been three yearsIt be+some time+since2.It was not long beforeIt be(not)+long(days,weeks,months)before3.It was already eight oclockIt be+definite time+when4.It is(high)time(that)It be(high)time+(that)5.It is the first timeIt be+the first(second,third)time+that-clause6.It is time for usIt be time for sb.to do sth.)3。.Correct mistakes if there are any.1.It is he that I want to see.(him should be used instead of he,)2.It is I who is leaving for London next week.(is after who should be replaced by am to agree with I in person and number.)3.It was on Tuesday when Mrs Smith came.(when should be replaced by that to give special emphasis to the adverbial of time.)4。.look at the sentences on the screen.Id like you to translate them into Chinese.(in these sentences,it has no special meaning.)1.It is my turn.(轮到我了)2.Lets call it a day.(今天就到这里吧。)3.If the teacher sees you doing that,you will catch it.(如果老师看到你这么做，你就会挨批评。)4.Go ahead,well make it in the end.(继续干吧，我们最终会成功的。)5.-I will study hard in the future.-Thats it.(-今后我会努力学习的。-这就对了。)6.Take it easy.(别着急。)5。.Choose the best answers:1.Is_necessary to complete the design before National Day?A.this B.that C.it D.he2.She heard a terrible noise,_brought her heart into her mouth.A.it B.which C.this D.that3.Toms mother kept telling him that he should work harder,but _didnt help.A.he B.which C.she D.it4._is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A.There B.This C.That D.It5.I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have_?A.it B.those C.one D.them6.-Why dont you take a little break?-Didnt we just have _.A.that B.this C.one D.it7.I dont think _ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.A.this B.that C.its D.it8.-He was nearly drowned once.-When was _?-_was in 1998 that he was in middle school.A.that;It B.this;This C.this;It D.that;This9.The weather turned out to be very good,_was more than we had expected.A.what B.which C.that D.it10.Was _ that I saw last night at the concert?A.it you B.not you C.you D.that yourself(15 CBDDC 610 CDABA)配套练习2：【知识过关】it用法演练Task1 单项选择(32分)1.It took us over an hour _ along the street.A. walk B. to walk C. walking D. walked2.I think it a great honour _ to visit your country.A. to invite B. inviting C. having invited D. to be invited3.Many people now make_ a rule to buy cards for their friends before Christmas.A. themselves B. it C. that D. this4. _ is very clear to everyone that hes round and tall like a tree.A. This B. What C. That D. It5.In the United States, bus travel doesnt cost much as train travel,_ ?A. dont they B. does it C. do they D. doesnt it6.Someone is at the door, who is_ ?A. this B. that C. it D. he7.-It is raining cats and dogs.- _. .A. So it is B. So is it C. Neither it is D. Neither is it8.-My home is in that tall building over there.- _ ?A. Can it see B. Can see it C. Can be seen it D. Can it be seen9. _ raining hard for 3 hours without stopping.A. It is B. It was C. It has been D. It had been10.-Has the boy got his bicycle now?-Yes, the police gave_. .A. him to him B. it to it C. it to him D.