地质专业英语论文.doc

地质专业英语结课论文题目：Chinese geology disaster characteristic 系 别专 业学生姓名学 号2012年12月18日Geological disaster refers to a natural or man-made factors formed under, of human life and property, environmental damage and loss of the geological phenomenon.Such as the collapse, landslide, debris flow, ground fissure, soil erosion, land desertification and marsh, soil salinization, and earthquake, volcano, geothermal and etc.Our country geology disaster characteristics and laws.China is located in the circum Pacific tectonic zone and Himalayan tectonic belt storage site, the subduction of the Pacific plate and India plate northward to the Asian plate collision makes mainland China under the main earth force.In the India plate and the Asian plate collision boundary has the worlds tallest Himalayas and the Tibetan Plateau uplift, compression, caused by the subduction of the Pacific plate resulted in the eastern North China, northeast the crust to the autumn, formation of Songliao Plain in North China and the settlement.These two kinds of active tectonic zone convergence and East West High low relief contrast, not only formed a China tectonics and topography of the underlying contour, but also the formation of geological hazards in China a wide range of underlying causes.From the aspect of space: the geological hazards in China regional spatial distribution has thing partition, north-south dissimilitude, sub zone into the characteristics of the network.From west to East, West to the mountain plateau, high altitude, cutting depth, crustal movement strong, structure, complex formation, dry climate, strong weathering rock crushing, therefore, with the development of earthquake, freezing and thawing, debris flow, desertification and other geological disasters.Central to the plateau transition zone, plain, the topography is steep, cutting sharp, complex formation, severe weathering, active faults, so the main earthquake, collapse, debris flow, development of landslide, soil erosion, land desertification, ground deformation, loess collapsibility, mine disasters such as the geological disaster.The eastern plain and coastal and continental shelf, gently rolling landscape, humid climate and abundant precipitation, the main development of earthquake, ground deformation, collapse, slide, flow, and disasters, coastal disasters, salinization, cold soak field and other geological disasters.From north to south, the Yinshan Mountains, Tianshan, Kunlun Mountains, Qinling Mountains, and other great mountain ranges across the Chinese mainland, along these mountains, landslide, sliding, flow, soil erosion, geological disaster.Their interphase region, land desertification, salinization, and soil erosion of loess collapsibility, ground deformation and collapse, slide, flow, karst collapse and severe geological disasters.China is located in the eastern part of Asia, the Pacific Ocean, monsoon climate significantly, has obvious latitude and longitude zonation, coupled with a vast territory.Complex terrain, with various climate types, therefore such as rain, flooding and drought, hail, frost and temperature in many adverse climate factors often become varied geological disaster inducing factors.In the northwest, North and northeast, climate drought little rain, years with great difference, wind erosion and desertification, violent, desertification, desertification, land freezing disaster development seriously.In the warm and humid Eastern, southern region, especially in the southwest mountainous area, rainfall and concentrated, collapse, slip flow, frequent occurrence of disasters.In the eastern plain area, soil salinization, swamp, and other geological disasters are widely distributed in Cold Waterlogged fields.From the aspect of time: China is the most populous country in the world, thousands of years of human activity, the history without stop war, especially in the last decades of rapid economic development and population growth rate, the natural demands are increasing, the natural environment is more and more strong interference.The irrational human economic activities also makes the geological disasters increasing.In the East, mid area, due to the large number of extraction of groundwater and exploitation of mineral resources, leading to groundwater resources balance condition damage and rock tectonic stress state changes, induce and exacerbate the ground settlement, ground subsidence, ground fissure, saline land, swamp, landslide, sliding, flow, mine disasters such as the geological disasters and the harm.In the west, due to excessive exploitation of land, grassland, forest and water resources, accelerate soil erosion, land desertification and other disasters, development, collapse, landslide and debris flow, disaster also subsequently grow in quantity.In all of the geological disasters, in addition to the earthquake disaster, landslide, sliding, flow disaster is the most serious, with its wide distribution, occurrence and damage resistance, has the nature of concealment and easy chain disaster features, each year caused enormous economic losses and casualties.In addition, land desertification, land subsidence and soil and water loss in gradual geological disaster development is rapid, harm is more and more big, become worrisome geological disaster.翻译：地质灾害是指在自然或者人为因素的作用下形成的，对人类生命财产、环境造成破坏和损失的地质现象。如崩塌、滑坡、泥石流、地裂缝、水土流失、土地沙漠化及沼泽化、土壤盐碱化，以及地震、火山、地热害等。 我国地质灾害发生的特点规律。中国地处环太平洋构造带和喜玛拉雅构造带聚汇部位，太平洋板块的俯冲和印度板块向北对亚洲板块的碰撞使中国大陆承受着最主要的地球动力作用。在印度板块与亚洲板块的碰撞边界上产生了世界上最高的喜玛拉雅山脉，并使青藏高原受压隆起，东部因太平洋板块俯冲造成了华北、东北地壳向东拉张，形成华北和松辽沉降大平原。这两种活动构造带汇聚和西高东低的地势反差，不仅形成了中国大地构造和地形的基本轮廓，同时也是形成我国地质灾害种类繁多的根本原因。 从空间上来说：我国地质灾害的区域空间分布具有东西分区、南北分带、亚带成网的特点。从西向东看，西区为高原山地，海拔高，切割深度大，地壳变动强烈，构造、地层复杂，气候干燥，风化强烈，岩石破碎，因而主要发育有地震、冻融、泥石流、沙漠化等地质灾害。中区为高原、平原过渡地带，地形陡峻，切割剧烈，地层复杂，风化严重，活动断裂发育，因而主要发育地震、崩塌、泥石流、滑坡、水土流失、土地沙化、地面变形、黄土湿陷、矿井灾害等地质灾害。东区为平原及海岸和大陆架，地形起伏不大，气候潮湿且降雨量丰富，主要发育地震、地面变形、崩、滑、流、河湖灾害、海岸灾害、盐碱化、冷浸田等地质灾害。从北向南看，阴山，天山、昆仑，秦岭、南岭等巨大山系横贯中国大陆，沿这些山系，崩、滑、流、水土流失等地质灾害严重。它们的相间地带，土地沙化、盐碱化、黄土湿陷及水土流失、地面变形及崩、滑、流、岩溶塌陷等地质灾