振弦式传感器论文基于振弦式传感器的压力检测系统的研.doc

振弦式传感器论文：基于振弦式传感器的压力检测系统的研究与设计【中文摘要】在大型土木工程的安全监测中,压力作为一个重要的参数,其检测方法一直备受重视。通过对各种结构所受压力的实时检测,对于保障其健康、降低事故发生率有重要的意义。由于振弦传感器具有输出信号稳定、易检测等诸多优点,本文选用振弦式传感器,设计了一套电路结构简单、可靠性好、测量精度较高的压力检测系统。本文首先对常用的压力传感器进行了比较,阐述了选用振弦传感器的依据,分析了传感器的结构和工作原理,总结了振弦传感器压力检测中影响测量精度的主要因素,并提出了相应的解决措施。重点对传感器的激振方式进行了研究和优化,采用了反馈式的激振新方法,设计了合理的信号处理电路。本系统采用分布式采集方式,由数据采集系统、传感器组成,每一个数据采集系统可挂接多路传感器,能实现多点检测,选用了真正能独立工作的片上系统C8051F340单片机为处理器,设计了激振电路、测频电路、显示电路、串口通信接口等硬件电路。同时,本文也设计了完整的下位机软件,使硬件能正常的实现其检测功能。软件设计采用模块化的编程思想,C语言编写,结构清晰,容易移植,方便维护和升级。最后,针对电子电路系统中存在的干扰问题,在系统的硬件和软件上均进行了抗干扰设计,保证系统能正常地运行。通过一个多月的调试,本系统各个部分能正常的工作,测试结果表明,其测量精度有一定提高,运行较为稳定。此系统体积小,成本低,接口通用,适用于大多数振弦传感器,具有一定的工程应用价值。【英文摘要】In the security monitoring of large civil engineering, As an important parameter, the methods of pressure measurement have always been paid great attention. It has an important significance for protecting their health and reducing the accident rate, through monitoring the pressure of various structures on real-time. Because of the advantages of vibrating wire sensors such as output signal stability, easy to detect and so on, a pressure measurement system was designed which has a simple hardware structure with good reliability and high accuracy by vibrating wire sensor in this paper.Firstly, the paper compare with common used pressure sensors, explain the basis of selecting the vibrating wire sensor, analyze its structure and working principle, summarize the foremost factors that influence the measuring accuracy of vibrating wire sensors, propose some corresponding improved methods.The exciting methods of vibrating wire sensor are studied and optimized mainly, a new exciting method based on feedback is used and a rational signal processing circuit is designed in the paper. The system is a distributed data acquisition system, which consists of data acquisition system and sensors. Every data acquisition system could mount many sensors and achieve multi-point detecting. Choose system on a chip C8051F340 that real work independently as MCU, design a vibrating wire sensor excitation circuit, a frequency measurement circuit, a display circuit,serial communication interface circuits and so on. At the same time, also design complete lower computer software that enable the hardware to achieve its normal function. The software is programmed in C language that has clear structure and is easy to transplant, maintain and upgrade with modular programming idea. At last, anti-jamming designs of hardware and software is made in the system to ensure it works properly for interference problems that exist in the electronic circuit system.After more than a month debugging, all parts of this system work properly. The experiment results indicate that the system has very good measurement accuracy and a stable and reliable performance. The characteristic of this system are small cubage, low cost, general interface and used by almost vibrating wire sensors, which has some value in engineering.【关键词】振弦式传感器 压力检测 数据采集 C8051F340【英文关键词】vibrating wire sensor pressure measurement data acquisition C8051F340【目录】基于振弦式传感器的压力检测系统的研究与设计摘要6-7Abstract7第1章 绪论10-141.1 引言101.2 本文研究的目的和意义10-111.3 压力检测的研究动态及发展趋势11-131.4 本文所做的工作13-14第2章 振弦式传感器的工作原理14-222.1 传感器的基本知识142.2 压力传感器的选取14-162.3 振弦传感器的结构和工作原理16-202.3.1 振弦传感器测量压力的理论依据17-192.3.2 振弦传感器的类型19-202.4 影响振弦传感器测量精度的因素20-212.5 本章小结21-22第3章 压力检测系统总体设计22-293.1 系统实现的功能223.2 系统的结构22-233.3 系统通信组网方式23-283.3.1 RS-485通信243.3.2 CAN总线24-253.3.3 无线数据传输253.3.4 光纤通信25-273.3.5 不同通信方式的比较27-283.4 本章小结28-29第4章 数据采集系统的硬件设计29-444.1 微控制器单元的设计29-314.1.1 CPU的选取304.1.2 最小系统设计30-314.2 激振模块设计31-354.2.1 振弦传感器激振方式31-334.2.2 本文激振方式33-354.3 测振模块设计35-394.3.1 滤波电路的设计36-374.3.2 放大电路和信号调理电路37-384.3.3 测频模块的设计38-394.4 显示模块设计39-404.5 通信模块设计40-424.6 通道选择模块设计424.7 电源模块设计42-434.8 本章小结43-44第5章 系统软件设计44-595.1 系统控制程序设计44-585.1.1 初始化程序45-465.1.2 激振模块程序设计46-485.1.3 测振模块程序设计48-505.1.4 显示模块程序设计50-555.1.5 通信