太阳能光热资料汇总英文版.ppt

HowSolarHeatingSystemWorks Asolarwaterheatingsystemcomprisessolarcollectors astoragetankandinterconnectingpipework Thesolarcollectorsareusuallymountedonroofofabuildingtocapturesolarradiation Smalltubesrunthroughthesolarcollectorsandcarryliquid eitherwaterorheattransferliquidwithlowboilingpoint Theheatpipeabsorbsheatfromthesolarcollectorsandtransfersheattoincomingwater Benefitsofsolarwaterheating Hotwaterthroughouttheyear thesystemworksallyearround thoughyou llneedtoheatthewaterfurtherwithaboilerorimmersionheaterduringthewintermonths Cutyourbills sunlightisfree soonceyou vepaidfortheinitialinstallationyourhotwatercostswillbereduced Cutyourcarbonfootprint solarhotwaterisagreen renewableheatingsystemandcanreduceyourcarbondioxideemissions Ingeneral solarwaterheatingsystemsfallsinto2types ActiveandPassive CommonTypesofSolarWaterHeatingSystems Anactivesystemusesanelectricpumptocirculatewaterorheattransferfluidfromstoragetanksthroughthecollector Whereasapassivesystemreliesongravityandthetendencyforwatertonaturallycirculateasitisheated allowingwaterorheattransferfluidtomovethroughthesystemwithouttheuseofacirculatingpump Activesolarwaterheatingsystems Activesolarwaterheatingsystemsarecharacterizedaseitherdirect alsocalled openloop orindirect alsocalledclosedloop dependingonwhethertheincomingwaterisheateddirectlyinthecollectorsorindirectlyheatedviaaheatexchanger AutomaticsolarcontrollerTemperaturesensoroncollectorTemperaturesensoronstoragetankSolarcirculationpumpColdwaterinflowHotwaterrun offTemperaturesensorforadditionalheating Elementsofasolarheatingsystemforhotwater Directsolarheatingsystem Pumpscirculatehouseholdwaterthroughthecollectorsandintothehome Theyworkwellinclimateswhereitrarelyfreezes Activeindirectwaterheater Alsoknownasanactiveclosed loopsystem asolarheaterthatcirculatesafluidotherthanwater suchasdilutedantifreeze throughacollector Thecollectedheatistransferredtothehouseholdwatersupplyusingaheatexchanger Indirectsolarwaterheatersarepopularinclimatespronetofreezingtemperatures Passivesolarwaterheatingsystems Integralcollector storagepassivesystem Thermosyphonsystem Athermosyphonsystem Athermosyphonsystem alsoknownasapassivesystem doesnotrequireapumptocirculatethewaterbutinsteadreliesondensitydifferentialswherethewarmerwaterrisestothehighestpoint Forthissystemtofunctionthetankmustbemountedabovethecollector relativetothehorizontal ComparisonbetweenActiveandPassiveheatingsystems TheMainFactorsthatgovernthechoiceoftypesofsystemtobeinstalledincludetheclimaticcondition hotwaterdemand sizeofthesystemandspaceavailabilityforplacingextracomponents etc Forexample lowmaintenancedirectsystemcanbeusedinsmallerfacilitieswithlowhotwaterdemandwhereasactiveindirectsystemisusuallyinstalledinlargerfacilitieswithhigherhotwaterdemand MaintenanceandExpectedLife Themaintenancerequirementsforsolarwaterheatingsystemvarydependingonthesystemconfiguration Ingeneral solarthermalcollectorshavenomovingpartsandthemaintenancerequirementsareverylow Awell made properlymaintainedsystemshouldlast15to20yearsormore Issuestobeconsideredwheninstallingsolarwaterheatingsystem SolarCollectorsOrientation Solarcollectorsneededtobelocatedwhereplentyofsunshinestrikesitssurface Solarcollectorscanbemountedfromhorizontaltoaninclinedangle Tomaximizetheamountofannualsolarenergythatsolarcollectorscanreceive theyshouldbeideallytiltedatlatitude around37 inJinan ofthelocationonasouth facingroof Itisalsonecessarytoavoidobstructionssuchasbuildingsortrees etcthatcouldpreventsolarcollectorsfromsolarcollectorsgettingadequateexposuretosolarradiation TypesofSolarCollectors Flat plateSolarCollectors Flat platecollectorsarethemostcommonsolarcollectorsforuseinsolarwater heatingsystemsinhomesandinsolarspaceheating Aflat platecollectorconsistsbasicallyofaninsulatedmetalboxwithaglassorplasticcover theglazing andadark coloredabsorbingplate Solarradiationisabsorbedbytheabsorbingplateandtransferredtoafluidthatcirculatesthroughthecollectorintubes Sketchofflat platecollector Directflowevacuatedtubecollectors Theseconsistofagroupofglasstubesinsideeachofwhichisaflatorcurvedaluminumfinattachedtoametal usuallycopper orglassabsorberpipe Thefiniscoveredwithaselectivecoatingthatabsorbssolarradiationwellbutinhibitsheatloss Theheattransferfluidiswaterandcirculatesthroughthepipes oneforinletfluidandtheotherforoutletfluid HeatpipeevacuatedtubeCollectors TheVacuumSolarTubeabsorbsthesolarenergyandtransferintotheheatenergy thenpassittotheheatpipe whichtransfertheheattotheworkingmedia Thereisnowaterinthevacuumtube sothetubewillnotbreakinwater itissteadyandcredibleandcanbecombinedwiththearchitectureperfectly Itcanbecombinedwithexistingpipelineandevenoperateintheeventofoccasionaltubebreakages FlatplatecollectorsVSEvacuatedtubecollectors Cheaper Moreefficient Longerservicelife Nofreeze Easyinstallation Betterperformanceincloudydays Climatelimitation Morereliable FlatplatecollectorsareGood EvacuatedtubecollectorsareBetter VacuumSolarTube WhatIsSolarCollectorTube Thevacuumsolarcollectortubeisasimpleandeffectiveenergyconverter whichabsorbsthesolarenergyandconvertsitintoheatforuseviatheselectiveabsorbingcoating Eachevacuatedtubeconsistsoftwoglasstubesmadefromextremelystrongborosilicateglass Theoutertubeistransparentallowinglightraystopassthroughwithminimalreflection Theinnertubeiscoatedwithaspecialselectivecoatingwhichfeaturesexcellentsolarradiationabsorptionandminimalreflectionproperties Thetopofthetwotubesarefusedtogetherandtheaircontainedinthespacebetweenthetwolayersofglassispumpedoutwhileexposingthetubetohightemperatures This evacuation ofthegassesformsavacuum whichisanimportantfactorintheperformanceoftheevacuatedtubes Inordertomaintainthevacuumbetweenthetwoglasslayers abariumgetterisused Duringmanufactureoftheevacuatedtubethisgetterisexposedtohightemperaturewhichcausesthebottomoftheevacuatedtubetobecoatedwithapurelayerofbarium ThisbariumlayeractivelyabsorbsanyCO CO2 N2 O2 H2Ofromthetube thushelpingtomaintainingthevacuum Thesilvercoloredbariumlayerwillturnwhiteifthevacuumiseverlost BasicSpecificationsofEvacuatedtube All glassevacuatedsolarcollectortubes Production pull seal 拉封 innertube outertube rinsing 清洗 deionizedwater drying 烘干 140 30minutes coating 镀膜 onetarget threetarget sealing 封口 fuse annealing 退火 eliminatestress evacuating 排气 1hour P 3 0 x10 3Pa firing 烤消 getter extraair packing 包装 cartonwithfoam inspection 质检 Coating 镀膜 Coatingmethod 磁控溅射镀膜 One targetcoating 单靶镀膜 blue red black Three targetcoating 三靶镀膜 blue black red Coatingtypes Double target 双靶镀膜 Ti tube purple Coatinglayers absorptionlayer SS ALN reflectionlayer copper anti reflectionlayer ALN Indictorsofevacuatedcollectortubesperformance Absorptionrate Emissionrate Coefficien