安全系统工程培训课件.ppt

SafetyEngineerin g NASA sillustrationshowinghighimpactriskareasfortheInternationalSpaceStation Safetyengineeringisanengineeringdisciplinewhichassuresthatengineeredsystemsprovideacceptablelevelsofsafety Itisstronglyrelatedtoindustrialengineering systemsengineering andthesubsetsystemsafetyengineering Safetyengineeringassuresthatalife criticalsystembehavesasneeded evenwhencomponentsfail 常用术语 危险 hazard安全 safe事故 accident风险 risk灾害 disaster系统 system可靠性 reliability安全分析 safetyanalysis安全评价 safetyevaluation Accidentcausationmodels事故致因理论Safetymanagement安全管理Physicalconditions物质条件Lossprevention损失预防Topmanagement高层管理人员Humanerrors人因失误Hazardcontrol危险控制Corporateculture企业文化Riskingtaking冒险行为 Safetyofficer安全官员Safetycommittee安全委员会Unionizedcompany集团公司Safetyprinciple安全规则Statusreview状态审查Supervisorylevel监督层Implementplan执行计划Hazardidentification危险辨识Safetyperformance安全性能 Systemsengineeringisaninterdisciplinaryfieldofengineeringandengineeringmanagementthatfocusesonhowtodesignandmanagecomplexsystemsovertheirlifecycles Atitscoresystemsengineeringutilizessystemsthinkingprinciplestoorganizethisbodyofknowledge Issuessuchasrequirementsengineering reliability logistics coordinationofdifferentteams testingandevaluation maintainabilityandmanyotherdisciplinesnecessaryforsuccessfulsystemdevelopment design implementation andultimatedecommissionbecomemoredifficultwhendealingwithlargeorcomplexprojects SystemEngineering Systemsengineeringdealswithwork processes optimizationmethods andriskmanagementtoolsinsuchprojects Itoverlapstechnicalandhuman centereddisciplinessuchasindustrialengineering mechanicalengineering manufacturingengineering controlengineering softwareengineering electricalengineering cybernetics organizationalstudiesandprojectmanagement Systemsengineeringensuresthatalllikelyaspectsofaprojectorsystemareconsidered andintegratedintoawhole Thesystemsengineeringprocessisadiscoveryprocessthatisquiteunlikeamanufacturingprocess Amanufacturingprocessisfocusedonrepetitiveactivitiesthatachievehighqualityoutputswithminimumcostandtime Thesystemsengineeringprocessmustbeginbydiscoveringtherealproblemsthatneedtoberesolved andidentifythemostprobableorhighestimpactfailuresthatcanoccur systemsengineeringinvolvesfindingelegantsolutionstotheseproblems Systemcharacteristics Unity 整体性Relativity 相关性Objective Goal Function 目的性和功能性AdaptabilitytotheEnvironment 环境适应性Dynamic 动态性Systemhasitsownorder 有序性 Classificationofsystem NaturalandHuman MadeSystem自然系统和人工系统PhysicalandConceptualSystem实体系统和抽象系统StaticandDynamicSystem静态系统和动态系统ControlandBehaviorSystem控制系统和行为系统OpenandClosedSystem开放系统和封闭系统 Systemengineeringmethod EngineeringlogicEngineeringanalysisStatisticaltheoryandprobabilitytheoryOperationsresearch Systemengineeringprinciple 系统原理整分合原理反馈原理弹性原理封闭原理能级原理动力原理激励原理 SystemprinciplePrincipleofintegral divisionFeedbackprincipleElasticityprincipleClosureprincipleEnergylevelprincipleDynamicprincipleIncentiveprinciple SafetySystemEngineering 1 Featuresofsafetysystem系统性开放性确定性与非确定性有序与无序的统一体突变性或畸变性 SystematicnessOpennessCertaintyanduncertaintyUnityoforderanddisorderSuddenorabnormaldegeneration 2 SafetySystemEngineeringDefinition 安全系统工程是运用系统工程方法 识别 分析 评价系统寿命周期中的危险性 根据其结果调整工艺 设备 操作 管理 生产周期和投资等因素 控制可能发生的事故 使系统处于最佳安全状态 Definition Safetysystemengineeringisamethodofusingsystemengineeringtoidentify analyzeandevaluatethehazardsinthelifecycleofasystem Accordingtotheresults itadjuststheprocess equipment operation management productioncycle investmentandotherfactorstocontrolthepossibleaccidents sothatthesystemisintheoptimalsecuritystate Threesubsystems HumansubsystemsMachinesubsystemsEnvironmentsubsystem 3 Researchobjectofsafetysystemengineering Thesethreeinterrelated mutuallyconstrained interactivesubsystemsconstituteanorganicwholeofa human machine environment system Analysis evaluation control human machine environment systemsecurity canreallysolvethesystemsafetyissues 4 Researchcontentsofsafetysystemengineering Thebasictaskofsafetysystemsengineeringistopredict evaluateandcontrolhazards Theanalysisprocesscanbesummarizedasfollows Systemsafetyanalysis identificationandforecastinghazards Risk safety evaluation includinghuman machine material craft environment organization etc Comparison Comprehensiveevaluation Optimizethedecisionoftheplan Themaintechnicalmeanscanbesummarizedassystemsafetyanalysis systemsafetyevaluationandsafetydecision makingandaccidentcontrol SystemSafetyAnalysis Throughthesystemsafetyanalysis youcanidentifythedangeroussourcesinthesystem analyzethepossibledangerousstates estimatetheprobabilityoftheaccident thepossibledamageandtheseverityoftheconsequences bymodifyingthesystemdesignorchangethecontrolsystemtoruntheprogram maincontent InvestigateandanalyzethevariousdangeroussourcesandtheirrelationsinthesystemConductinvestigationandanalysisofsystem relatedenvironmentalconditions equipment personnelandotherrelevantfactorsAnalyzemeasuresthatcantakeadvantageofappropriateequipment procedures processesormaterials controloreradicateaparticularhazardsourceInvestigatingandanalyzinghazardcontrolmeasuresandthebestwaytoimplementthesemeasuresInvestigationandanalysisofdangeroussourcesthatcannotbeeradicatedtoloseorreducethepossibleconsequencesofcontrolInvestigationandanalysisofsafetyhazardsinordertopreventinjuryandlossifthehazardisoutofcontrol Commonmethod 预先危险性分析 PHA 安全检查表分析 SCA 故障模式及影响分析 FEMA 危险和可操作性研究 HAZOP 事件树分析 ETA 事故树分析 FTA 系统可靠性分析 原因 后果分析 CCA PreliminaryHazardAnalysisSafetyChecklistAnalysisFailureModeandEffectAnalysisHazardandOperabilityAnalysisEventTreeAnalysisFaultTreeAnalysisSystemReliabilityAnalysisCauseCensequenceanalysis Classification Induction Qualitativeanalysis Quantitativeanalysis Deduction PreliminaryHazardAnalysis PHA 是在每项工作活动之前 对系统存在的危险类型 来源 出现条件 到事故后果及相关措施 作一概略分析 总之 即在行动之前作一安全分析 以避免考虑不周造成的各种损失 1 MaincontentofPHA 识别危险的设备 零部件并分析其发生的可能性和条件 Identifydangerousequipment partsandanalyzethelikelihoodandconditionsoftheiroccurrence 分析系统中各子系统 各元件的交接面及其相互关系与影响 Analysisofthesubsystemsinthesystem thecomponentsoftheintersectionandtheirrelationship 分析物质危险性 MSDS 相关的检测 Analysisofmaterialhazards分析工艺过程危险性 含装置存在的危险性 Analyzetheprocesshazard includingthepresenceofthedevice 人 机关系 操作 维修等 Human machinerelationship环境条件危险性分析 Riskanalysisofenvironmentalconditions防护措施和安全保障分析 Protectionmeasuresandsafetyandsecurityanalysis 2 advantages 分析工作在行动之前 可以及早排除 降低和控制危险 Earlyelimination reductionandcontrolofhazards 系统开发 设计 制造 安装 检修等过程的分析结果 可以作为应遵循的注意事项和指导方针 Guidelines可为制定标准和规范提供必要资料 可以作为安全教育的教材 Safetyeducation GeneralstepsPreliminaryHazardAnalysisincludingthreestages preparation review andtheresultssummary 确定系统对象 资料调查收集 系统功能分解 分析辨识危险 确定危险等级 制定措施 实施措施 Determinethesystemobject Datacollection Systemfunctiondecomposition Analysisandidentificationofhazards Determinethehazardlevel Developmeasures Implementingmeasures 分析 辩识危险Dangerousandharmfulfactors Inherentrisk Occupationaldisease Riskofstorage 1 SafetyAnalysisofHouseholdWaterHeater 热水器用煤气加热 装有温度和煤气开关连锁 当水温超过规定温度时 连锁动作将煤气阀门关小 如果发生故障 则由泄压安全阀放出热水 防止事故发生 为了防止煤气漏出和炉膛内滞留煤气 在热水器内设有燃气安全控制系统 由长明火 热电偶和电磁阀组成 由于长明火存在 即使溢出煤气也不会发生爆炸 若长明火灭了 热电偶起作用 通过电磁阀将煤气关闭 防止事故发生 Waterheaterheatingbycoalgas Itequippedwithtemperatureandgasswitchchain whenthewatertemperatureexceedsthespecifiedtemperature thechainactionwillclosethegasvalve Ifthefaultoccurs accidentspreventedbythehotwaterreleasefrompressurereliefvalve Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention thegassafetycontrolsystemislocatedoutsidetheheater Inordertopreventgasleakageandfurnacegasretention Gassafetycontrolsystemconsistsofeverlastingfire thermocoupleandelectromagneticvalve Duetotheexistenceofeverlastingfire explosionwillneverhappenevenifthegasleak Ifthefire