变电站综合自动化 英文文献翻译.doc

变电站综合自动化它将传统的变电站内各种分立的自动装置集成在一个综合系统内实现,并具有运行管理上的功能,包括:制表、分析统计、防误操作、生成实时和历史数据流、安全运行监视、事故顺序记录、事故追忆、实现就地及远方监控并实现信息共享、不重复采集等。变电站综合自动化系统从其测量控制、安全等方面考虑,可划分为三个系统。(1)监控系统。监控系统是完成模拟量输入、数字量输入、控制输出等功能的系统,一般具有测量和控制器件,用于站内线路和变压器运行参数的测量、监视,以及断路器、隔离开关、变压器分接头等设备的投切和调整。(2)保护系统。在综合自动化系统中,继电保护宜相对独立,除输入量和跳闸要独立外,保护的启动、测量和逻辑功能也应独立,此时,保护装置需要通过串行通信接口送出的仅是某些保护动作的指示信号或记录数据;也可通过通信接口实现远方改变保护定值。此外,一般要求的故障录波及测距功能由保护系统附带完成,如有较高要求,则配置专用设备并有相应的通信接口。(3)断路器闭锁系统。变电站综合自动化系统应具有全方位的防误操作系统,以通过闭锁功能,有效地实现“五防”,从而保证电网和人身的安全。1.关于后台监控机的几个问题1.1后台监控机运行管理在实际运行中,已经多次出现了后台监控机由于人为和监控机本身等原因导致瘫痪不能工作,严重影响变电站的整体运行。为防止这种情况发生,一是要制定变电站后台监控机的运行和管理制度并严格执行,对值班人员进行约束,防止利用后台监控机玩游戏、上网,防止私自使用软盘和光盘使监控机感染病毒等。二是加强管理部门的定期和不定期检查,发现问题,立即处理,不留后患。三是设置操作系统和监控软件密码管理办法,只有管理部门和变电站站长掌握密码,普通值班人员不掌握密码,防止随意进入操作系统和启动、停运监控软件,防止使用后台监控机的软、硬件资源并遭到破坏。四是用监控软件封装操作系统,如东方电子生产的DF系列自动化系统的后台监控软件具有启动后封装操作系统的功能。监控软件封装操作系统是指当第一次启动后台监控机时,监控机自动启动操作系统后继续启动监控软件,直至启动到监控软件界面,如果停运监控软件,需要输入密码,只有掌握密码的人才能停运监控软件,进入到操作系统。目前,有一些变电站自动化系统的后台监控软件不具备这种功能,应与厂家技术人员共同解决。监控软件封装操作系统功能在防止后台监控机被别人使用和被破坏等方面是十分有效的。在选择后台监控软件时,应注意选择具有这种功能的产品。1.2后台监控机机型的选择由于后台监控机要求实时运行,处理的数据量比较大,响应速度快,而且处在强电磁环境,所以一般普通计算机无法满足要求,在选择时应选择高性能工控机。高性能工控机能够在强电磁环境工作,抗干扰性能强,能够实时运行,硬件设备工作稳定性好,能够满足变电站后台监控系统的要求。目前在一些变电站,由于后台监控机使用商用机、家用机和其它计算机,已经出现后台监控机损坏而不能工作情况。高性能工控机能够保证变电站后台监控系统的安全稳定运行。1.3后台监控机不间断电源的解决方案在一些变电站中,没有为后台监控机配置不间断电源,使用的是站用变交流电源。使用站用变交流电源存在下列弊端:一是当系统停电时,后台监控机失去电源,不能工作;二是站用变交流电压波动较大,电压质量有时不合格,有时电压高,烧毁计算机,有时电压低,计算机不能工作,不能给后台监控机提供合格的电源;三是当站用变一次熔断器熔断时,后台监控机失去电源;四是当10 kV系统接地时,站用变交流电源受到严重的谐波干扰,影响后台监控机的正常工作。所以,综自变电站后台监控系统应配备不间断电源,以防止站用电出现故障时确保监控系统正常工作,特别是在发生事故后可以保证各种信息不至于丢失。但是,配置不间断电源会增加变电站的建设成本,而且,电池的使用寿命也较短,容量也不大,故而可以采用如下方案:配置能将直流逆变成交流的逆变器,以站内直流蓄电池为逆变器的直流电源,逆变成交流后供给后台监控机使用,容量选择1 000 VA左右。配置这种逆变器,不用另外购置直流蓄电池,节省投资,而且变电站蓄电池具有容量大、寿命长、输出稳定等优点。1.4后台监控软件的备份问题后台监控机无论使用质量多好的后台计算机,都有可能损坏,所以在变电站新投产时,都应该对后台监控软件进行备份,而且这种备份工作应随变电站设备的变更及时更新。虽然有些厂家备份了某些变电站的后台监控系统软件,但是厂家毕竟是面向全国市场,其备份不太完善、可靠,因此,还是建议继电保护管理部门做好各站后台监控软件的备份工作,并妥善保管,以防不测。后台监控软件的备份可以保存在移动硬盘或者光盘上。2.保护监控系统事故和预警音响信号一些变电站的保护监控系统的事故和预警音响信号受后台监控系统的控制,当后台监控机不能工作时,事故和预警音响信号则不能发出,不能提示值班人员处理事故或故障,严重影响变电站的安全运行,对于这种情况,应与厂家联系,共同处理,将保护监控系统的事故和预警音响信号独立出来,不受后台监控系统控制,防止发生后台监控机不工作时发不出保护事故和预警音响信号情况。3.综合自动化系统的选型及定货问题目前,综合自动化系统的生产厂家很多,各厂家的软件兼容性较差,然而现行的主要定货规则是: 10kV保护与监控系统捆绑销售,即购买谁的10 kV保护就得购买谁的后台监控系统。这就造成了一个变电站的保护五花八门,不同厂家的产品接入监控系统时都要进行规约转换或者接口转换。这不仅会造成综合自动化系统运行不可靠,同时还会造成许多应具有的功能不能实现。所以,在综合自动化系统的选型及定货问题上,一个变电站最好选用同一个厂家的产品,这样做的好处在于:同一个厂家的产品的通信规约是一样的,无须增加转换环节;厂家在售后服务上也不会产生互相推诿的现象。 Substation integrated automation system is runningIt traditional substation within a variety of discrete automatic device integrated within an integrated system, and on the operation and management functions, including: tabulation, statistical analysis, prevent misuse, generate real-time and historical data stream, the safe operation of the monitororder of the accident record, recall the accident, to achieve in situ and remote monitoring and information sharing, do not repeat collection.Substation integrated automation system from the measurement and control, security and other considerations, can be divided into three systems.(1) monitoring system. The monitoring system is a complete analog input, digital input, control output of the system, the general measurement and control devices for the measurement of the line and transformer station operating parameters, monitoring, and breakers, isolation switches, transformer tap equipment such as switching and adjustment.(2) protection system. In the integrated automation system, the relay should be relatively independent of the start of protection, measurement and logic functions, in addition to input and trip to be independent, should be independent of the protection device through the serial communication interface to send only a some indication of protection action signal or recorded data; via the communications interface to the distance to change the protection setting. In addition, the general requirements for the fault recorder and ranging functions incidental to complete the protection system, if the higher requirements, special equipment is configured and there is a corresponding communication interface.(3) the circuit breaker locking system. Substation integrated automation system should have a full range of anti-false operating system, by locking function effectively defense, in order to ensure the safety of the grid and personal.(1) background monitoring machine1.1 background monitoring machine operation and managementIn actual operation, there have been many times the overall operation of the background monitoring machine due to man-made and the monitoring machine itself causes paralysis can not seriously affect the substation. To prevent this from happening, it is necessary to develop the substation background monitoring machine operation and management system and strictly enforced, constraints on duty to prevent the use of background monitoring machine to play games, the Internet, to prevent unauthorized use of floppy disks and CD-ROM so that the monitoring machine infection virus. The second is to strengthen the administrative department of the regular and unscheduled inspections, identify problems to be dealt with immediately and leave no troubles. The third is to set the operating system and monitoring software password management approach, management and substation owners to master password, the general staff on duty do not have a password, to prevent from intruding into the operating system and startup, shutdown monitoring software to prevent the use of background monitoring machine soft hardware resources and destroyed. Monitoring software package operating system, such as Dongfang Electronics DF Series automation system background monitoring software package the operating system has started. Monitoring software package operating system when you first start background monitoring machine, monitoring the operating system automatically starts continue to start the monitoring software, until the start to the monitoring software interface, outage monitoring software need to enter a password, only the master password of the person The outage monitoring software into the operating system. Currently, there are some of the substation automation system in the background monitoring software does not have this function, should manufacturers and technical personnel to solve. Monitoring software package operating system function is very effective to prevent background monitoring machine to be used and destroyed. Choice of background monitoring software, you should select products with this feature.1.2 choice of background monitoring modelsBackground monitoring machines require run-time processing of data than the larger, fast response, but also in a strong electromagnetic environment, so an ordinary computer can not meet the requirements, the choice should select high-performance IPC. High performance IPC in the strong electromagnetic environment, strong anti-interference performance, real-time run, the stability of the hardware devices work well, able to meet the requirements of the substation background monitoring system. In some substation background monitoring machine business machines, home machine and other computers, there have been background monitoring machines damaged but does not work. High-performance IPC to ensure a safe and stable operation of the substation background monitoring system.1.3 background monitoring machine uninterruptible power supply solutionsUninterruptible power supply in some of the substation, there is no background monitoring machine configuration, using the station with variable AC power supply. Station with variable AC power supply of the following drawbacks: First, when the system power outage, background monitoring machine loses power, does not work; stand with a variable AC voltage fluctuations, voltage quality is sometimes fail, sometimes high-voltage, burned computer Sometimes low voltage, the computer does not work, can not give the background monitoring machine to provide qualified power; background monitoring machine loses power station with variable time fuse fuse; four 10 kV system ground station with variable AC power subject to serious harmonic interference, affect the normal work of the background monitoring machine. Therefore, integrated substation background monitoring system shall be equipped with an uninterruptible power supply to prevent the station power failure to ensure the normal work of the monitoring system, especially in the event of an accident can guarantee that all kinds of information are not lost. However, the configuration of uninterruptible power supply will increase the construction cost of the substation, and shorter battery life, capacity is not large, therefore you can use the following programs: Configure the DC inverse can be turned into exchanges inverter station DC-DC power supply, battery for the inverter inverse become AC supply background monitoring machine use, the capacity to select about 000 VA of 1. The configuration of this inverter without additional purchase of a DC battery, saving investment, and the substation battery with large capacity, long life, and output stability.1.4 background monitoring software backupBackground monitoring machine regardless of the quality of more than a good background computer are likely to damage, so in the substation put into operation, should be backed up on the background monitoring software update, and this backup should be done with the changes of the substation equipment. Although some manufacturers have backed up the background of some of the substation control system software, manufacturers, after all, is for the national market, their backup is less than perfect, reliable, therefore, it is recommended that the relay protection management department to do the work of the stations the background monitoring software backup and safekeeping, in case of emergency. Background monitoring software backup can be saved in the removable hard disk or CD-ROM.Protection monitoring system incidents and warning audio signalSubstation protection monitoring system incidents and warning audio signal by the control of the background monitoring system, accident and warning audio signal can not be issued when the background monitoring machine does not work, can not be prompted to duty personnel to deal with an accident or malfunction, seriously affect the safety of the substation run, in this case, should contact the manufacturers to jointly deal with the monitoring system will protect the accident and warning audio signal independent, free from background monitoring system to control and prevent the occurrence of background monitoring ma