初中英语八种时态讲解3.doc

现在进行时一要点提示现在进行时的结构：be (am, is, are) + 现在分词（即动词-ing形式）。动词现在分词的变化规律：1. 一般情况下，动词后直接加-ing，如：working, buying, visiting, 2. 以不发音的e结尾的动词，去掉e，然后再加-ing, 如：taking, having, leaving, 3. 以辅音字母+元音字母+辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写末尾辅音字母，然后加-ing，如：stopping, running, swimming, 4. 特殊变化，如：lielying.二用法指南现在进行时的基本用法：1） 表示现在( 指说话人说话时) 正在进行或发生的动作。 We are waiting for you.2） 习惯进行：表示长期的或重复性的动作，说话时动作未必正在进行。 Mr. Green is writing another novel. (说话时并未在写，只处于写作的状态。) She is learning piano under Mr. Smith.3） 表示渐变的动词有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go, begin等。 The leaves are turning red. Its getting warmer and warmer.4） 与always, constantly, forever 等词连用，表示反复发生的动作或持续存在的状态，往往带有说话人的主观色彩。 You are always changing your mind.三. 不用进行时的动词1) 事实状态的动词have, belong, possess, cost, owe, exist, include, contain, matter, weigh, measure, continue等。I have two brothers.This house belongs to my sister.2) 心理状态的动词know, realize, think see, believe, suppose, imagine, agree, recognize, remember, want, need, forget, prefer, mean, understand, love, hate等。I need your help.He loves her very much.3 ) 瞬间动词 accept, receive, complete, finish, give, allow, decide, refuse等。I accept your advice.4) 系动词seem, remain, lie, see, hear, smell, feel, taste, get, become, turn等。You seem a little tired.四现在进行时态的否定形式是在be后加not，疑问形式是把be动词提置句首。一般过去时一要点提示一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作，动词用过去式（即动词-ed形式）,动词过去式的变化规律：1 一般动词词尾加-ed, 如：walked, looked, finished, 2 以字母e结尾的动词后加-d，如：lived, decided, noticed, 3 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，变y为i，再加-ed，如：hurried, carried, 4 以元音字母加一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词，先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed, 如：stopped, stepped。以上是规则变化，还有一些动词的过去式是不规则变化，如：dodid, havehad, bewas/were, swimswam等，参见初一下英语书后不规则动词表。二用法指南一般过去时的用法1）在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 时间状语有：yesterday, last (week, nighr, year), (an hour) ago, in 1982, just now等。 Where did you go just now?2）表示在过去一段时间内，经常性或习惯性的动作。 When I was a child, I often played football in the street. Whenever the Browns went during their visit, they were given a warm welcome.3）句型： a. It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了 该了 It is time sb. did sth. 时间已迟了 早该了 如：It is time for you to go to bed. 你该睡觉了。 It is time you went to bed.你早该睡觉了。 b. would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示宁愿某人做某事 Id rather you came tomorrow.4) wish, wonder, think, hope 等用过去时，作试探性的询问、请求、建议等。I thought you might have some. 我以为你想要一些。三.一般过去时的一些特殊用法1比较：一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去，现已不复存在。Christine was an invalid all her life. (含义：她已不在人间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life. (含义：她现在还活着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years. (含义：达比太太已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义：现在还住在肯塔基州，有可能指刚离去)2. 注意： 用过去时态表示现在含义，表示委婉语气。1）动词want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。Did you want anything else?I wondered if yo