Hardy and Tess托马斯·哈代简介和作品赏析复习过程.ppt

ThomasHardy 1840 1928 Contents PartIHardy slife ThomasHardywasbornatHigherBockhampton DorsetonJune2 1840 wherehisfatherworkedasabuilder Fromhisfatherhegainedanappreciationofmusic andfromhismotheranappetiteforlearningandthedelightsofthecountrysideabouthisruralhome ChildhoodHardywasfrailasachild anddidnotstartatthevillageschooluntilhewas8 OneyearlaterhetransferredtoanewschoolinthecountytownofDorchester At16hewasapprenticedtoalocalarchitect AdulthoodHardylatermovedtoLondontoworkasanarchitect Hebeganwriting buthispoemswererejectedbyanumberofpublishers AlthoughheenjoyedlifeinLondon Hardy shealthwaspoor andhewasforcedtoreturntoDorset PicturesofHardy MarriageFirst in1874 EmmaGifford sister in lawofavicar diedin1912Second in1914 FlorenceDugdale hissecretary awomanalmost40yearsyoungerthanhim DeathAfterhisfirstwife sdeath Hardywasstrickenwithguiltandremorse buttheresultwassomeofhisbestpoetry expressinghisfeelingsforhiswifeof38years ThomasHardydiedonJan 11 1928athishouseofMaxGateinDorchester HewishedtobeburiedbesideEmmainStinsfordchurchyard buthiswisheswereonlypartlyregarded HisbodywasinterredinPoet sCorner WestminsterAbbey andonlyhisheartwasburiedinEmma sgraveatStinsford DidYouKnow ArumourhaspersistedsinceHardy sdeaththatitisnottheauthor sheartthatwasburiedbesideEmma hiswife ThestorygoesthatHardy shousekeeperplacedhisheartonthekitchentable whereitwaspromptlydevouredbyhiscat Apparentlyapig sheartwasusedtoreplaceHardy sown Truth Fiction Wewillprobablyneverknow Hardy slife 1870 HardytravelledtoSt Juliottoplantherestorationofthelocalparishchurch herehemetEmmaLaviniaGifford 1879 HardyatworkonTheTrumpetMajor 1881 HardymovedtoWimborne 1874 ThomasHardymarriesEmmaGifford 1883 theHardysmovedtoDorchester decidingtobuildahousethere 1896 HisgrowingfinancialindependenceledHardytoreturntohisfirstlove poetry 1912 EmmaHardydied 1884 HardywasworkingonTheMayorofCasterbridge 1914 marriedtoyoungFlorenceDugdale 1928 HardydiesatMaxGate Question WhatishispositiononthehistoryofEnglishLiterature OneofthemostimportantnovelistsintheVictorianEraandthefirstimportantpoetinthe20thcentury Englishpoetandregionalnovelist whoseworksdepicttheimaginarycounty Wessex Dorset Inmanyrespects Hardywastrappedinthemiddlegroundbetweenthenineteenthandtwentiethcenturies betweenVictoriansensibilitiesandmoremodernones andbetweentraditionandinnovation PartIIHardy sworks Hardy scareeraswriterspannedoverfiftyyears HisearliestbooksappearedwhenAnthonyTrollope 1815 82 wrotehisPalliserseries andhepublishedpoetryinthedecadeofT S Eliot sTheWasteLand Hardy sworkreflectedhisstoicalpessimismandsenseoftragedyinhumanlife Question Whatarehisrepresentativeworks firstnovelaboutcountrylife firstpublishednovel firstmasterpiece TheWessex ThomasHardywasborninDorset aruralregionofsouthwesternEnglandthatwastobecomethefocusofhisfiction TheWessexofThomasHardy snovelsandpoems AboutWessex 1 nameofaplace2 naturalsceneryofWessex3 writingstyleoflocal color4 figuresinWessex5 imaginativeWessex WessexPoems WessexPoems 1898PoemsofthePastandPresent 1901TheDynasts PartFirst 1904TheDynasts PartSecond 1906TheDynasts PartThird 1908Time sLaughingstocks 1909SatiresofCircumstance 1914MomentsofVision 1917LateLyricsandEarlier 1922HumanShows 1925WinterWords 1928 Wessexnovels InhisWessexnovels thereisanapparentnostalgictouchinhisdescriptionofthesimpleandbeautifulthoughprimitiverurallife whichwasgraduallydeclininganddisappearingasEnglandwasmarchingfastintoanindustrialcountry Andwiththosetraditionalcharactershewasalwayssympatheticandmournsovertheirfailureandmisfortune Hardy sworkreflectedhisstoicalpessimismandsenseoftragedyinhumanlife TheMayorofCasterbridge Hardy sMajorworks Poetry 1898 Hardypublishedhisfirstbookofverse WessexPoems1902 TheDynasts indramaticblankverse waspublished1914 AChangedManandOtherTaleswaspublished Novels 1871 HardypublishedthesensationnovelDesperateRemedies1872 UndertheGreenwoodTreewaspublished1873 APairofBlueEyeswaspublished1874 FarFromtheMaddingCrowdwaspublished 1875 TheHandofEthelbertawaspublished1878 TheReturnoftheNativebeganinserial1880 TheTrumpet Majorbeganinserial1882 TwoonaTowerwaspublished1885 TheMayorofCasterbridgewasfinished 1891 TessoftheD Urbervillesbeganitsserialrun1894 Life sLittleIronieswaspublished1895 JudetheObscurewaspublishedinbookform1897 TheWell Belovedwaspublished Stories 1865 HowIBuiltMyHouse Hardy sfirstpublishedworkandfirstshortstory appearedinChamber sJournal 18March 1883 TheThreeStrangerswaspublished1887 TheWitheredArmwaswritten AccordingtoHardy sownclassification hisnovelsdivideintothreegroups Novelsofcharactersandenvironment 人物与环境小说TessoftheD Urbervilles德伯家的苔丝JudetheObscure无名的裘德FarfromtheMaddingCrowd远离尘嚣ThereturnoftheNative还乡TheMayorofCasterbridge卡斯特桥市长UnderthegreenwoodTree绿荫树下Thewoodlanders林地居民 RomancesandFantasies 传奇与幻想APairofBlueEyes一双蓝眼睛TheTrumpet Major号兵长AGroupofNobleDames一群贵妇人TwoonaTower塔上两个人 NovelsofIngenuity 别出心裁小说TheDesperateRemedies计出无奈TheHandofEthelberta埃塞尔伯塔的手Otherworks WessexPoems最后一朵菊花 docTheDynasts Discussion CharacteristicsofThomasHardy sNovels ThedominantthemeofHardy snovelsisthathumanbeingsarehelplessvictimsofhisfate chanceandenvironment HardybelievesthateverythingintheuniverseisdeterminedbytheImmanentWillwhichispresentinallpartsoftheuniverseandisimpartiallyhostiletohumanbeings Thereforeitisuselessforhumanbeingstostruggleagainsthisfateorenvironment Thispessimisticviewsoflifeperhapsaccountsforthetragicendingsofmanyofhisnovels SomecriticspointoutthatHardy snovelsaretheproductsofthecombinationofnaturalismandsymbolism Hardyisveryskillfulindescribingnature Inhiswriting natureisfulloflife colour moodandmystery MostofHardy scharactersareordinaryworkingpeoplewhodoubttheirownpositionandsocialproblems Thestructureofhisnovelsisalwayscompact theplotiscomplicatedandthestoryisinteresting Lovingtherightpersonatthewrongtime Havingthewrongpersonwhenthetimeisright Andfindingoutyoulovesomeonerightafterthatpersonwalksoutofyourlife Thestory Thenovelcentersaroundayoungwomanwhostrugglestofindherplaceinsociety Whenitisdiscoveredthatthelow classDurbeyfieldfamilyisinrealitythed Urbervilles thelastofafamousbloodlinethatdatesbackhundredsofyears themothersendshereldestdaughter Tess tobegmoneyfromrelationswiththeobviousdesirethatTesswedtherichMr d Urberville Thusbeginsataleofwoeinwhichawealthymancruellymistreatsapoorgirl TessistakenadvantageofbyMr d Urbervilleandleaveshishouse returninghometohavetheirchild whosubsequentlydies Throughouttherestofthisfascinatingnovel Tessistormentedbyguiltatthethoughtofherimpurityandvowstonevermarry SheistestedwhenshemeetsAngel thecleversonofapriest andfallsinlovewithhim Afterdaysofpleading TessgivesintoAngelandconsentstomarryhim AngeldesertsTesswhenhefindstheinnocentcountrygirlhefellinlovewithisnotsopure Tessisabandoned andfinallydriventomurderforwhichsheishanged Characterstructure Tessofthed UrbervillesRisingAction Tess sfamily sdiscoverythattheyareancientEnglisharistocracy givingthemallfantasiesofahigherstationinlife Tess saccidentalkillingofthefamilyhorse whichdriveshertoseekhelpfromthed Urbervilles wheresheisseducedanddishonored Tessofthed UrbervillesClimax Tess snewhusbanddiscoversherearlierseductionbyAlecanddecidestoleaveher goingofftoBrazilandnotansweringherletters andbringingTesstodespair Tessofthed UrbervillesFallingAction Tess slast ditchdecisiontomarryAlec whoclaimstoloveher Angel sreturnfromBraziltodiscoverTessmarriagetoherformerseducer andhismeetingwithTess Tess smurderofAlecandshort livedescapewithAngelbeforebeingapprehendedandexecuted TheRiverFroom TessoftheD Urbervilles Bramhurst TessoftheD Urbervilles TheRiverFroom TessoftheD Urbervilles TheBlackmoorVale TessoftheD Urbervilles Discussion theThemesofTess TheinjusticeofexistenceChangingIdeasofSocialClassinVictorianEnglandMenDominatingWomen Themes TheInjusticeofExistenceUnfairnessdominatesthelivesofTessandherfamilytosuchanextentthatitbeginstoseemlikeageneralaspectofhumanexistenceinTessofthed Urbervilles ChangingIdeasofSocialClassinVictorianEnglandTessofthed Urbervillespresentscomplexpicturesofboththeimportanceofsocialclassinnineteenth centuryEnglandandthedifficultyofdefiningclassinanysimpleway MenDominatingWomenOneoftherecurrentthemesofthenovelisthewayinwhichmencandominatewomen exertingapoweroverthemlinkedprimarilytotheirmaleness Discussion ThecharactersofTessD Urbervilles AnalysisofTessD Urbervilles Tessisayoungwomanwhotendstofindherselfinthewrongplaceatthewrongtime Tessisasimple innocentandfaithfulcountrygirl Shefinallybecomesthevictimofthemodernsociety Tess ButTessisalsoastrongwomanthroughoutthenovel Shestandsupforherselfandrefusestocrumbleunderpressure ShechastisesherselfforherweaknessafterhersexualescapadewithAlec Sheclaimsthatthisindiscretionisamomentofweakness Tess sfighttothemoribundsociety 腐朽社会 WhenAlecrequiresTessstayathisside Tessrespondshimfirmly Never never ImadeupmymindassoonasIsaw whatIoughttohaveseensooner andIwon tcome ThisprovethatTessresistwithmoribundsocialevilforce Shewouldn twaitimpatientlytosaveherselffromsocietyfully shewouldratherrelyonherowneffortstobeimpracticalonevilforceunderthefoot 2 Tess sresistancetothetraditionalmoralconcept Onherweddings night Tessdaresayingherownpastbold butbetweensheandtraditionalresistanceofmoralconcept shebelieveswhetherawomanispureornot isnottolookchastity themoreimportantthingisthesoulandquality Tesshasnotbeendefeatedaftersufferingmisfortune 3 Tess sresistancetotheunfortunatemarriage sheagainandagainaskAngel Ithought Angel thatyoulovedme me myveryself IfitisIyoudolove Ohowcanitbethatyoulookandspeakso Itfrightensme Havingbeguntoloveyou Iloveyouforever inallchanges inalldisgraces becauseyouareyourself Iasknomore Thenhowcanyou Omyownhusband stoplovingme ThisproveTess sunfortunatefightofmarriage Shethinksthelosingofthevirgin schastitydoesnotmeanlosingthepurityofthelove Conclusion Inaword Tesshasshownapowerfulwoman simagetocommonpeoplewithherunyieldingspiritofrevolt She tothemoribundsociety traditionaloldmorals hypocriticalreligion capitalistmarriagesystem hascarriedonthestrongestrevealingandcriticism Herkindheartedenlightenment nobleemotion strongpersonality andherresistanceinimbuingallrootedintheheartsofthepeopleforever worthsavoring AngelClare AfreethinkingsonbornintothefamilyofaprovincialparsonanddeterminedtosethimselfupasafarmerinsteadofgoingtoCambridgelikehisconformistbrothers Angelrepresentsarebelliousstrivingtowardapersonalvisionofgoodness AngelClare HisloveforTessmaybeabstract asweguesswhenhecallsher DaughterofNature or Demeter 希腊谷物女神得墨特尔 Tessmaybemoreanarchetypeoridealtohimthanafleshandbloodwomanwithacomplicatedlife Angel sidealsofhumanpurityaretooelevatedtobeappliedtoactualpeople TessoftheD urbervilles isThomasHardy smostfamousnovel UnderHardy spen theheroineTessiscreatedasanattractiveandwarm heartedpurewoman whohasthequalityofenduranceandself sacrifice TesshaslongbeenregardedasthemostexceptionalwomancharacterinEnglishliteraryhistory However thelifeofthispurewomanistragic Sheisfirstlyseduced thenabandonedandfinallydriventomurderforwhichsheishanged Whatisresponsibleforhertragicfate Whatisthereasonforapurewomantobecomeamurderer Wecouldn thelpthinkingoverthesequestionsagainandagain FromthetragicstoryofTess shortlife wecanseeinadeepersensethatitisthecapitalistsocietyofthetimethathasruinedher LivinginasocietyoverwhelmedbycapitalistLaw religionandstateapparatus Tess apoorpeasant inevitablyleadsatragiclifeandfinallygoestohercollapse WhokilledTess Discussion Thepoverty Alec swickedness Angel sconventionalideas Tess scharacter thecruelsocialenvironment Thereasono