Lesson 1pub talk and the King27s English讲稿.doc

Lesson 1 Pub Talk and the Kings English Contents Part One: Warm-up Part Two: Background Information Part Three: Text Appreciation Part Four: Language Study Part Five: Extension Part OneWarm-up . Video Watching . Brainstorming . Discussion . Learning Objectives . Video Watching Watch the video clip and describe it.UK Queens Christmas Speech.mp4 What are the characteristics of the Queens English? Compare the difference between Queens English and the pub English. . BrainstormingMake some predictions about the text to be learned. . Discussion What is the criteria for judging a good conversation? Why is conversation an activity only of human beings? How to make a good conversation? What is a pub friend? Whats the function of a pub to the English peoples life? . Learning Objectives1. To be acquainted with the knowledge of the development of English.2. To know what is Kings English and its history.3.To learn to use words to describe spoken English.4.To appreciate the language features.5.To learn to write a story about a language.6. To know the writing of an exposition. Part TwoBackground Information . About the Author . The History of English . History of English Pub IV.Alexandre Dumas and The Three Musketeers V. Thomas Carlyle . About the Author Henry Fairlie (1924-1990) British journalist for The Spectator, which he joined in 1955. Before that he had been a feature writer for The Observer 1948-50, and a political editorial writer for The Times 1950-54. He was also a regular contributor to The New Republic from the mid-1970s until his death in 1990. He relocated to the United States in 1965 to avoid a British libel suit, for having called his onetime lover a whore on television. . About the Author He was Best known for coining the term The Establishment in his column in The Spectator on 23 September, 1955. Fairlie wrote: By the Establishment, I do not only mean thecentres of official powerthough they are certainlypart of itbut rather the whole matrix of officialand social relations within which power is exercised.The exercise of power in Britain (more specifically, in England) cannot be understood unless it isrecognized that it is exercised socially. . About the Author He wrote five books, most notably The Kennedy Promise, an early revisionist critique of the US presidency of John F. Kennedy. In 2009, Yale University Press published Bite the Hand Feeds You: Essays and Provocations, an anthology of his work edited by Newspaper correspondent Jeremy McCarter. The native people in Britain Celt (language)2. Roman Conquest 43 AD, ruled for 400 yearsLatin (language)3. In 449 Angles, Saxon, and Jutes from Northwest of Germany , conquered the most part of England old English (language)4. 9th century Scandinavian conquest Danish (language)5. 11th century Norman Conquest for 400 years French (language)6. British people conquered the conquest again. English won its recognition. . The History of English Five Events that Shaped the History of English 1. The Anglo-Saxon Settlement 2. The Scandinavian Settlements 3. The Norman Conquest 4. Standardization：the Great Vowel Shift 5. Colonization and Globalization . The History of English A Timeline of the History of the English Language III. History of English Pub A pub (public house) is a drinking establishment fundamental to the culture of Britain. In many places, especially in villages, a pub can be the focal point of the community. The writings of Samuel Pepys describe the pub as the heart of England. III. History of English Pub During the Middle Ages the pub sign came into existencethe earliest versions being green bushes set upon poles to indicate the sale of beer, stemming from the earlier Roman tradition of vines being displayed to advertise wine. By 14th century, more abstract names were common. III. History of English Pub Alcohol has been drunk and served throughout the British Isles in one form or another since the Bronze Age. The origins of the pub began to appear during the Roman colonization of Britain. Places where travelers could obtain rest and refreshment sprang up along the new road networks. These Roman taverns remained even after the withdrawal of the Romans from Britain. III. History of English Pub During the 16th and 17th centuries these establishments primarily sold beer and ale until the first half of the 18th century when the so-called “Gin Graze” took hold, esp. among the poorer classes as the production of gin(杜松子酒) had increased to six times that of beer. The 1751 Gin Act forced gin makers to sell gin only to licensed premises and put drinking establishments under the control of local magistrates. In the 19th century, the Wine and Beerhouse was introduced to restrict the hours Public Houses could sell alcohol. The Licensing Act 2003 repealed the previous licensing laws for England and Wales, taking responsibility away from magistrates and placing it in the hands of local councils. Alexandre Dumas (18021870) best known for his historical novels of high adventure which have made him one of the most widely read French authors in the world. His works includeThe Count ofMonte Cristo;The Thre Musketeers; Twenty Years After The Three Musketeers is set in the 17th century.The novel recounts the adventures of a young man called dArtagnan after he leaves home to travel to Paris, and then he joins the Musketeers of the Guard. His friends are: Athos, Porthos, and Aramis.They are inseparable friends who live by the motto: tous pour un, un pour tous“=All for one, one for all V. Thomas Carlyle Thomas Carlyle (1795-1881) Famous English essayist and historian. After graduating from the University of Edinburgh, he rejected the ministry, for which he had been intended, and determined to he a writer. In 1826 he married Jane Welsh, a well-informed and ambitious woman who did much to further his career. They moved to Jane s farm at Craigenputtoeh where they lived for 6 years. During this time he produced Sartor Resartus (1833-1834), a book in which he first developed his characteristic style and thought. This book is a veiled sardonic attack upon the shams and pretences of society, upon hollow rank, hollow officialism, hollow custom, out of which life and usefulness have departed. V. Thomas Carlyle Carlylese, a peculiar style of his own, was a compound of biblical phrases, colloquialisms, Teutonic twists, and his own coinings, arranged in unexpected sequences. One of the most important social critics of his day, Carlyle influenced many men of the younger generation. Part ThreeText Appreciation . Text Analysis Introduction to Exposition Theme of the Text Text Organization Further Understanding . Writing Devices Language Style Rhetorical Devices . Sentence Paraphrase . Text Analysis Introduction to Exposition Pub Talk and the Kings English is a piece of exposition (informative writing). Exposition is to put forth an idea or suggestion and expound on it. The purpose or intention of the writer of the exposition is to inform or explain. . Text Analysis Exposition is the most common kind of writing, for it is applicable to anything which challenges the understanding, for example, the definition of a term, the structure of a lab, the meaning of a historical event, the significance of a political system, etc. . Text Analysis The writer of an exposition generally makes a statement (thesis) of the central thought or of his purpose first. The thesis can be supported and developed in a variety of ways. The following are some of the approaches usually used in writing: definition, identification, illustration, comparison, contrast, analogy, analysis. . Text Analysis 1. Conversation is an activity of human beings, and a good conversation is not for making a point. Conversation in a pub has a charm of its own 2. English has fought for centuries to be recognized and we should be proud of Kings English. . Text AnalysisText Organization (loose structure) Part 1 (Paras. 1-3): Introduction: The writer puts forward the theses: conversation is the most sociable of all human activities and bar conversation has a charm of its own. Part 2 (Paras. 4-11): Development 1: The charm of conversation is that there is no fixed topic. Example: the Kings English Australia the Saxon peasantscultural humiliation-revolt. . Text Analysis Further Understanding1. The major theme of this essay is _. A. pub talk in Kings English B. conversation is universal C. the charm of bar conversation D. the history of Kings English2. The style of this piece of exposition is _. A. ironic B. informal C. formal D. sarcastic . Text Analysis3. The author likes bar conversation because _. A. it is casual and not for making a point B. it will not use the Kings English C. it is usually formal and serious D. it is interesting and argumentative4. “The Kings or Queens English ” came into use in the _. A. 15th century B. 16th century C. 17th century D. 18th century . Text Analysis5. The best conversationalists are those _. A. who are trying to make a point B. who are trying to talk sense C. who are to ready lose D. who are prepared to win . Writing DevicesLanguage Style 1. Effective use of verbs The effective use of verbs is a way to strengthen the impression. e.g. meander, leap, sparkle, glow, slip, slide, etc. . Writing Devices Language Style 2. Effective use of allusion(典故) An allusion is a reference to a person, place, or event that bears an association to the topic of a discourse so as to impress the reader. e.g. “They are like the musketeers of Dumas who,” “Is the phrase in Shakespeare?.When Mistress Quickly I in The Merry Wives of Winsor says of her master” . Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: SimileDefinition: A simile is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common. Simile is almost always introduced by the following words: like, as, asas, as it were, as if, as though, be something of, similar to, etc. . Writing Devicese.g. 1. They are like the musketeers of Dumas who, although they lived side by side with each other, did not delve into each others lives or the recesses of their thoughts and feelings. (Para. 3) The Elizabethans blew on it as on a dandelion clock, and its seeds multiplied, and floated to the ends of the earth. (Para. 14) . Writing DevicesRhetorical Devices: MetaphorDefinition: Metaphor is a figure of speech where comparison is implied. It is also a comparison between two unlike elements with a similar quality. But unlike a simile, this comparison is implied, not expressed with the word “as” or “like”. . Writing Devicese.g. The charm of conversation is that it will go as it meanders or leaps and sparkles or just glows . (Para.2) (comparing the conversation to a stream which meanders and leaps & the fire which glows and sparkles.)2. Suddenly, the alchemy of conversation took place. (Para.6) ( comparing the sudden change of the topic in the conversation to the miraculous alchemy)3. The glow of the conversation burst into flames. (Para.6) (comparing the conversation to a fire.) . Writing Devices4. The conversation was on wings. (Para.8) (comparing the conversation to a bird flying and soaring.)5. think ourselves back into the shoes of the Saxon peasant. (Para.11) (comparing into the shoes to in anothers position.)6. I have an unending love affair with dictionaries. (Para. 17) (comparing his keen interest in dictionaries to having a love affair.)7. the Kings English slips and slides in conversation. (Para. 18) (comparing the casual mistakes in the spoken English to careless slides in walking.) . Sentence Paraphrase1. And it is an activity only of humans. (Para. l) And conversation is an activity which is found only among human beings (animals and birds are not capable of conversation) .2. Conversation is not for making a point. (Para. 2) Conversation is not for persuading others to accept our idea or point of view. In a conversation we should not try to establish the force of an idea or argument.3. In fact, the best conversationalists are those who are prepared to lose. (Para. 2) In fact a person who really enjoys and is skilled at conversation will not argue to win or force others to accept his point of view.4. Bar friends are not deeply involved in each others lives. (Para. 3) People who meet each other for a drink in a pub arenot intimate friends for they are not deeply absorbed or engrossed in each others lives. That would settle it; but conversation does not need to be settled; it could go ignorantly on. (Para. 6) By looking up reference books one could settle the right or wrong of an argument. The reference books would prove or refute the allegation of the speaker that “the Kings English” is a term of criticism.However, there is no need to decide who is right or wrong in a conversation: It could go on without anybody knowing who is right or wrong.6. They are cattle in the fields, but we sit down tobeef. (Para. 9) These animals are called cattle when they are aliveand feeding in the fields, but when we sit down at the table to eat, we call their meat beef. The word beef comes from the French word boeuf.7. The new ruling class had built a cultural barrier.his own language. (Para. 11) The new ruling class, by using French instead of English, made it difficult for the English to accept or absorb the culture of the rulers. barrier: originally, a fortress, stockade, etc. for defending an entrance or a gate; a thing that prevents passage or approach; obstruction, as a fence, wall, etc; here it means anything that holds apart, separates, or hinders. e.g. The racial barrier; barriers to progress8. .English had come royally into its own. (Para. 13) The English language received proper recognition and was used by the king once more. come into ones own: to receive what properly belongs to one, especially acclaim or recognition royally: The King of England now spoke English (not French), so the term the Kings English became appropriate. English received the recognition of the King, too.9. The phrase has always been used a little pejoratively and even facetiously by the lower classes. (Para. 15) The phrase, the Kings English, has always been used disparagingly and jokingly by the lower classes. The working people very often make fun of the proper and formal language of the educated people.10. The rebellion against a cultural domination is still there. (Para. 15) There still exists in the working people, as in the early Saxon peasants, a spirit of opposition to the cultural authority of the ruling class. 11. There is always a great danger, as Carlyle put it, that “words will harden into things for us.” (Para. 16) There is always a great danger that we might forget that words are only symbols and take them for things they are supposed to represent. For example, the word dog is a symbol representing a kind of animal. We mustnt regard the word dog as being the animal itself.12. and the Kings English, like the Anglo-French of the Normans, is a class representation of reality. (Para. 16) The term the Kings English“ or the Anglo-French used by the Norman rulers only represents the language used by the ruling class (or the king). It represents the language used by a certain class.13. The Kings English is a model a rich and instructive one but it ought not to be an ultimatum. (Para. 17) The Kings English sets up an excellent standard for us to imitate, for we can gain a lot of useful knowledge or information by studying it, but people shouldnt be forced to accept it.14. So we may return to my beginning. (Para. 18) The writer realizes he has been digressing from his subject by discussing the Kings English at length, so he comes back to his central theme conversation.15. .but one suspects that the great minds were gossiping and judging the quality of the food and the wine. (Para. 19) But we suspect that great minds also liked gossiping and commenting on the quality of the food and the wine. This supposition is supported by the example given in the next sentence.16. .the only difference between her cook and the supreme chef, Brinvilliers, lay in their intentions. (Para. 19) The only difference between Mme. Deffands cook and the supreme chef Brinvilliers lay in their intentions and attitudes, i.e. how they treated their cooking. 17. The bother about teaching chimpanzees how to talk is that they will probably try to talk sense and so ruin all conversation. (Para. 21) A biting satirical sentence, deriding people who ruin good conversation by trying to talk sense. They behave just like chimpanzees which have been ta