2019高考英语新课件二轮练习精讲精练学案05.doc

2019高考英语新课件二轮练习精讲精练学案05Unit 5 Nelson Mandela- a modern hero 语言要点单元要点预览旨在让同学整体了解本单元要点 词汇 部分 词语辨析 1. fight for/against/with 2. reward / award 3. accept / receive 4. since / because / as / for 词形变化 1. cruel adj. 残暴的,残忍的 cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍 2. hope n. v.希望; 期望 hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的 hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的 3. educate vt. 教育 education n. 教育; 教育体制 educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的 重点单词 1. devote vt. 投入献身 2. vote v. 投票决定选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数 3. reward n. 报酬奖金vt. 酬谢给以报答 4. equal adj. 平等的相等的 5. advise v. 建议 重点 词组 1. be in prison 在狱中被监禁 2. out of work 失业,出问题 3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 重点句子 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 重点语法 定语从句 见语法部分 词语辨析 (旨在提供完形填空所需材料) 1. fight for/against/with 【解释】 fight for/against/with fight for 为而斗争努力争取 fight against 与作斗争 fight with 和并肩作战和打仗/打架/斗争 【练习】用正确的fight短语填空 1). We will have to _ difficulties. 2). They told the workers to _ their rights. 3). During World War II, the British _ Frenchmen against Germans. Keys: 1). fight against 2). fight for 3). fought with 2. reward / award 【解释】 award用作名词时意为奖品、奖金、奖; reward作名词时作报酬、奖励、报答讲。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). The film _ are presented annually 2). A _ was offered for the return of the passport Keys: 1). awards 2). reward 3. accept / receive 【解释】 accept (接受)表示主观上乐意接受。还表示答应、同意、认同 receive (收到,得到), 表示客观收到, 还不能断定是否接受。还表示接待、接收、欢迎 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 I _ his letter of invitation, but I didnt _ it. Keys: receivedaccept 4. since / because / as / for 【解释】 since =now that 意为由于,既然,常表示已知的或大家都清楚的原因。 because表语气最强, 经常表听者不知的原因,它能回答why的提问。 as 可和because互换,但语气不够它强,也不能回答why的提问。 for 是并列连词,与后面的分句对前一句话起到补充说明的作用,其前常有逗号隔开。 【练习】用上面所提供的辨析词的适当形式填空 1). I cant go _ Im ill. 2). _ the rain has stopped, lets go out for a walk. 3). _ Im leaving tomorrow, Ive bought you a gift. 4). It must have rained last night, _ the ground is wet. Keys: 1). because 2). Since 3). As 4). for II词性变化 旨在提供语法填空所需材料 1. cruel adj. 残暴的, 残忍的 cruelty n. 残暴, 残忍 2. hope n. v.希望; 期望 hopeful adj. 有希望的, 顺利的, 有前途的 hopeless adj. 没有希望的; 令人绝望的 3. educate vt. 教育 education n. 教育; 教育体制 educated adj. 受过教育的; 受过训练的 【练习】用括号内所提供词的适当形式填空 1) She is a highly _ woman (educate) 2) Parents should _ their children to behave well. (educate) 3 A child receives its early _ at home. (educate) 4 Many a young _ went to Hollywood. (hope) 5 Our _ for fine weather were not disappointed. (hope) 6 Most of the students are making good progress but Jeremy seems a _ case. (hope) 7) Dont be _ to animals. (cruel) 8) He saw a lot of _ in the prison camp. (cruel) Keys: 1) educated 2) educate 3) education 4) hopeful 5) hopes 6) hopeless 7) cruel 8) cruelty 重点词汇 旨在提供综合运用所需材料 1. devote vt. 投入献身 典例 1). He devoted himself entirely to music. 他将一生奉献给了音乐。 2). Mary devoted her life to caring for the sick. 玛丽献身于为病人服务。 重点用法 devote to 献身于专心于 在devote to短语中to是介词后面接名词或动词-ing。常见的类似短语还有 pay attention to注意; stick to坚持; lead to导致; preferto相比更喜欢; look forward to盼望; 练习 中译英 1). 她深爱她的孩子。 2). 我们应全力以赴地工作。 Keys: 1). She is devoted to her children. 2). We should devote all our efforts to our tasks. 2. vote v. 投票决定选举 n. 投票, 选票,表决, 得票数 典例 1). We voted Democrat in the last election. 我们在上次的选举中投了民主党的票。 2). Well listen to the arguments on both sides and then vote on it. 我们会先听取双方的论证后再作表决。 3). The votes are still being counted. 选票仍在统计中。 重点用法 vote down 投票否决投票击败 vote in 投票选出选举 vote through 表决通过 put to the vote 将付诸表决 take/have a vote on 对进行表决 vote for/against 投票赞成/反对 练习用恰当的介词或副词填空。 1). The suggestion was voted by a large majority. 2). Shall we take a vote the question? 3). The issue was put the vote. 4). Was the vote or the matter? Keys: 1). through 2).on 3). to 4). for; against 3. reward n. 报酬奖金vt. 酬谢给以报答 典例 1). He worked hard but without much reward. 他工作很努力但是报酬很少。 2). He rewarded me with a prize. 他用一个奖励来报答我。 重点用法 in reward (for) 作为对的报酬、报答 give a reward to sb. for sth. 为给某人报酬、赏金 reward sb. for (doing) sth. 因报答、奖赏某人 reward sb. with sth. 用报答、奖赏某人 练习 中译英 1). 她的善良没有得到任何回报。 _ 2). 她向他报之以一笑。 _ Keys: 1). She got nothing in reward for her kindness. 2). She rewarded him with a smile. 4. equal adj. 平等的相等的 典例 1). Women demand equal pay for equal work. 女性要求同等工作获同等报酬。 2). All people are born equal. 人人生来平等。 重点用法 be equal to 与相等 be equal with 与平等 练习 中译英 1). 一单位酒精等于半品脱啤酒。 _ 2). 他们认为在上帝眼中穷人和富人是平等的。 _ Keys: 1). One unit of alcohol is equal to half a pint of beer. 2). They believe that in the sight of God the poor are equal with the rich. 5. advise v. 建议 典例 1). I have advised you on that subject. 在那个问题上我给过你建议. 2). Christie advises us to practise oral English as often as possible. Christie建议我们要尽可能多练口语. 3). I advise that you (should) not eat fruit that isnt ripe. 我建议你不要吃那些没有熟的水果. 重点用法 advise sb. on sth. 就给某人出主意 advise +n. /pron. 建议 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人干 advise (ones) doing sth. 建议某人干 advise + (that) sb. (should) do advice n. 建议意见 a piece of advice 一条建议 go to sb. for advice = ask sb. for advice 向某人寻求建议征询某人的意见 give advice to sb. on sth. 就对某人提供建议 follow sbs advice = take sbs advice 接受某人的建议 练习 中译英 1). 我建议换个方式。 _ 2). 我们建议他们应该及早开始。 _ Keys: 1). Id advise taking a different approach. 2). We advised that they should start early/advised them to start early. 重点词组 旨在提供综合运用所需材料 1. be in prison 在狱中被监禁 典例 1). He fought for the black people and was in prison for thirty years. 他为黑人而战且坐过三十年牢。 2). He has been in prison for five years for stealing. 因为偷东西, 他曾在监狱呆过5年. 短语归纳 putin prison = sendto prison = throw into prison 把投入监狱 The car thieves have been put in prison. 那些偷车贼都被关进监狱了。 练习 用be, put, send, throw的恰当形式填空。 1). The lawyer finally the murderer into prison. 2). The robber in prison for several years. 3). The thief begged the guard for not him to prison. 4). Last year, the man in prison for stealing a car. Keys: 1). threw 2). has been 3). sending 4). was put 2. out of work 失业,出问题 典例 1). Jim has been out of work for several months. 吉姆已经失业几个月了。 2). Marys cell phone has been out of work for several days, which brought her a lot of inconvenience. 玛丽的手机坏了好几天了这给她带来了很多不便。 短语归纳 in work 有工作 out of breath 上气不接下气 out of patience 不耐烦 out of use 没用了 out of date 过时 out of order 次序颠倒出故障 out of control 失控 out of danger 脱离危险 out of shape 变形 Out of sight, out of mind. 眼不见, 心不烦。 练习用适当的介词短语填空。 1). Although my computer is date now, but its still use. 2). After fours operation, the patient has been danger. Keys: 1). out of; in 2). out of 3. lose heart 丧失勇气或信心 典例 1). He failed many times, but he didnt lose heart. 他失败了许多次但他并没有失去信心。 2). No matter what you do, never lose heart. 不管你做什么千万不要失去信心。 短语归纳 lose ones job 失业 lose ones balance 失去平衡 lose ones breath上气不接下气 lose ones heart (to sb/sth) 爱上 lose ones life 丧生; 遇害 lose face 丢脸; 受屈辱 练习 中译英 第 51 页 共 55 页 1). 不要失去信心一切都会好起来的。 _ 2). 她喜欢上了一位年轻士兵。 _ Keys: 1). Dont lose heart, all will turn out well. 2). She lost her heart to a young soldier. V 重点句子 旨在提供句子结构等所需材料 1. We were put in a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the Government. 我们被置于这样一种境地或者是被迫承认我们低人一等或者是与政府作斗争。 解释 这是一个主从复合句in which引导定语从句修饰先行词position。 类似的名词还有situation, stage, case等作先行词时可用where引导定语从句 Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 拓展 介词+关系代词which在定语从句中充当时间、地点、原因状语相当于关系副词when, where和why。 He is the boss of the restaurant where = in which we often have lunch. Today when = on which the product will be put into use will come soon. The reason why= for which he was late for school was unbelievable. 练习 中译英 1). 你能想起让你尴尬的情形吗 _ 2). 他迟到的原因令人难以置信。 _ Keys: 1). Can you think of a situation where you once felt embarrassed? 2). The reason why(= for which) he was late for school was unbelievable. 2. Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。 解释当only修饰状语位于句首时句子采用部分倒装的结构, 将助动词或系动词提前放在主语前。 Only then did we decide to answer violence with violence. 只是在那时我们才决定以暴力对暴力。 Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息. Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 练习 中译英 1). 昨天他父亲才把真相告诉他, 这对他真是个令人吃惊的消息。 _ 2). 他只有靠大声喊才能使河对岸的人们听到他的声音。 _ Keys: 1). Only yesterday did his father tell him the truth, which was a big surprise to him. 2). Only by shouting was he able to make people on the other side of the river hear him. 单元自测 模块 1完形填空 阅读下面短文掌握其大意然后从2130各题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最正确选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 字数214 完成时间14分钟 难度* On Keeping a Diary in English Keeping a diary in English is one of the effective ways to improve our English writing ability. Compared with other forms of writing, it is 21 and takes less time. It can help us to develop the habit of thinking in English. If we 22 to this practice, gradually, well learn how to express ourselves in English. In keeping a diary in English, we certainly 23 up against a lot of difficulties. In the first place, it often happens that we have trouble finding 24 words and phrases to give 25 to our mind. Secondly, there are many idiomatic ways of saying things in Chinese. And it is extremely 26 for us to put them into English properly. Surely, there are some other 27 we may come across in keeping a diary in English. As far as I am concerned, my suggestion is that we should always have a(n) 28 and a Chinese-English dictionary within easy 29 . Whenever something beats us, we can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary. We can also 30 to English teachers for help, if necessary. In short, I believe that it is of great use to keep a diary in English for the development of our writing skills. 21. A. longer B. shorter C. thicker D. better 22. A. insist B. stick C. contribute D. refer 23. A. run B. bring C. come D. turn 24. A. approximate B. appropriate C. appreciative D. approachable 25. A. idea B. advice C. expression D. explanation 26. A. easy B. hard C. good D. bad 27. A. roadblocks B. methods C. ways D. objects 28. A. pen B. backpack C. eraser D. notebook 29. A. hand B. sight C. reach D. ability 30. A. run B. turn C. fly D. oppose 答案 21B下文提到需要更少的时间所以应该是比较短而不是更长或者更厚这里没有比较质量问题所以不可能是更好。 22B考察动词短语。根据意义应该用stick to表示坚持。insist on坚持contribute to对有贡献refer to参考谈到涉及。 23A. 考察动词短语。run up against遭遇困难)bring up抚养come up against面对遭到的反对。 24B根据上文提到的写英语日记的困难应该是在找合适的词语时会有困难。 25C. 写英语日记的目的是为了提高写作技巧提高自我表达能力因此应该是在找合适的词语进行自我表达。 26B这段话的大意是在谈论写英语日记的困难或者会遇到的问题所以可确定答案是hard 27A. roadblocks障碍。从上文和there are some other可以看出这里是说还有其他的困难障碍重要的信息词是other。 28D. 从下文We can put it down in our notebook and then consult our dictionary可以直接找到信息。 29C. 根据句子的意义和搭配within (ones) reach 可以确定选项。 30Bturn to sb for help向某人求助。 2语法填空 阅读下面短文按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求在空格处填入一个适当的词或使用括号中词语的正确形式填空并将答案填写在答题卡标号为31-40的相应位置上。 字数147 完成时间9分钟 难度* Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is 31 mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in many ways. The simple reason for this is 32 there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas, more 33 (disagree) in interest, and more groups and organizations 34 different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in 35 (mix) societies. 36 these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many ways, there are 37 (few) occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because 38 seems to be the same. And 39 conditions may not be satisfactory, 40 are at least customary and doubtless. 答案 31a 32that 33disagreements 34with 35mixed 36All 37fewer 38everything 39although 40they 本文讲的是不同种类的人融合在一起的社会较人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会变化更快 31a指一种有各种不同人的混合型社会。 32that在 the reason forwhyis that句型中习惯上用that引导表语从句。 33disagreements在there are后与ideas并列一定是名词且也要用复数表示不同意见。 34with指具有不同信仰的群体或组织。 35mixed因societies与mix是被动关系用动词的ed形式作定语表示混合的。 36All指上述提到的所有这些因素都会促使社会变化。 37fewer指在人们在许多方面具有相似观点的社会较在不同人混合的社会里人们觉得有必要改变的机会更少。 38everythingeverything在原因状语从句中作主语表示一切、所有事情。 39a1though/ though由前后两个分句的逻辑意义可知填表示尽管虽然的连词。 40they指前面的conditions。 3阅读理解 阅读以下短文从每题所给的A、B、C和D项中选出最正确选项并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。 词数308 难度 * 时间6 分钟 Electrical devices (仪器) could soon use power made by human energy. Scientists say they have developed an experimental device that produces electricity from the physical movement of a person walking. British scientist Max Donelan and other scientists in Canada and the United States developed the device. The device connects to a persons knee. As the person walks, the device captures energy each time the person slows down. To do this, the device helps with the slowing down movement of the leg. The movements of the walking person push parts of a small machine that produces electricity. Using the device, an adult walking quickly could produce thirteen watts of electricity in just a minute. Donelan says walking at that speed could produce enough power to operate a laptop computer for six minutes. There are several possible uses for the device. Developers say it could help people who work in areas without electricity to operate small computers. The device could also be used in hospitals to operate heart pacemakers (起搏器). It could even be used to assist in the movement of robotic arms and legs. The experimental version of the device weighs about one and a half kilograms, but it is too costly for most people to buy. But the researchers hope to make a lighter, less costly version. An improved version should be ready in one year. The developers hope the device will one day help developing countries. Nearly twenty-five percent of people around the world live without electric power. A similar product was invented in 2005 by Larry Rome of the University of Pennsylvania. He created a bag carried on a persons back that also produces power from walking. The knee device does not produce as much electricity as the bag. But the bag requires the walker to carry a load of twenty to thirty kilograms. 41. The second paragraph mainly talks about _. A. who developed the device B. how the device works C. several possible uses for the devices D. how much electricity the device can produce 42. What is the disadvantage of the experimental version of the device? A. It is too heavy for the walker to bear. B. It is too complex for people to use. C. It will slow down ones walking speed. D. It is too dear for most people to afford. 43. Compared with the device designed by Larry Rome, this new device _. A. produces power without adding more loads to the walker B. can produce more power in a