托福语法alittlelittle和afewfew的用法总结.docx

托福语法：a little/little和a few/few的用法总结今天为大家整理了托福语法中a little/little和a few/few用法，希望同学们在托福口语和写作中准确应用。a little/little(形容词)用在不可数名词之前：a little salt/little salt一点盐/没有多少盐a few/few(形容词)用在复数名词之前：a few people/few people有几个人/没有几个人这四种形式也都能用做代词使用，或单独使用或与of连用：-Sugar?-A little，please.-要糖吗?-请给一点儿。Only a few of these are any good.这其中只有几个用得着。a little，a few(形容词和代词)a little指少量或者说话人认为少的量; a few指小数目或者说话人认为小的数目。把only放在a little/a few之前，是为了强调说话人认为该数量的确很小。(考试大!)Only a few of our customers have accounts.我们的顾客中只有少数人是记账的。但是把quite放在a few之前就大大增大了这个数量：I have quite a few books on art.我有不少关于艺术的书。(许多书)little和few(形容词和代词)little和few意为很少或没有，几乎具有否定意义：There was little time for consultation.几乎没有时间商量。Little is known about the side-effects of this drug.这种药物有些什么副作用，现在还不大清楚。Few towns have such splendid trees.有这么好看的树木的城市不多。little和few的这种用法主要限于书面英语(可能由于在日常会话中little和few容易被误认为是 a little/a few)。因此，在日常会话中little和few通常由hardly any替代，也可以由动词否定式+much/many替代：We saw little.我们没有看到什么。相当于：We saw hardly anything./We didnt see much.我们几乎什么都没有看到。Tourists come here but few stay overnight.有游客到这里来，但很少有人过夜。相当于：Tourists come here but hardly any stay overnight.有游客到这里来，但几乎没有人在这里过夜。但如果little和few由so，very，too，extremely，comparatively，relatively等词修饰，就可以较自由地使用。fewer(比较级)也可以更自由地使用。Im unwilling to try a drug I know so little about.我不乐意服我知之甚少的药。They have too many technicians，we have too few.他们的技术员太多，而我们的又太少。There are fewer butterflies every year.蝴蝶的数量每年都在减少。a little/little(副词)1 a little可以：(a)与动词连用：It rained a little during the night.夜里下了一点儿雨。They grumbled a little about having to wait.他们为要等候抱怨了几句。(b)与具有“令人不快的”意义的形容词和副词连用：a little anxious有点儿着急a little annoyed有点儿不耐烦a little unwillingly有点儿不情愿地a little impatiently有点儿不耐心地(c)与形容词和副词的比较级连用：The paper should be a little thicker.这纸应该再厚一点儿。Cant you walk a little faster?你不能走得快一点儿吗?在(b)中可以用 rather来代替a little。 rather也可以用于比较级之前，但a little更常用一些。在英语口语中a bit可以在上述例子中用以替代a little。2 在比较正式的文体中，little主要同better或more连用：His second suggestion was little(=not much) better than his first.他的第二个建议比第一个好不了多少。He was little(= not much) more than a child when his father died.他父亲去世时，他差不多还是个孩子。在正式的英语中，little可用在某些动词如 expect，know，suspect，think等之前：He little expected to find himself in prison.他几乎没有料到自己会进监狱。He little thought that one day他几乎从不曾想过有一天注意像little-known和little-used这样的形容词的用法：a little