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CONTENTSAbstract. .1Introduction.3Chapter 1 The Reason Huck and Jim Run Away For Freedom.61.1 The Reason Huck Leave for Freedom.61.2 The Reason Huck Leave for Freedom. . . 10Chapter 2 The Psychological Level Represented by the Major Roles.122.1 Huck Child Psychology and Performance. .122.2 Jims Adult Psychology and Performance.15Chapter 3 The Reason That the Major Roles Get Freedom. . . .17 3.1The Reason That Huck Get Free Freedom . .17 3.2The Reason That Jim Obtain Freedom. .22Conclusion.28Notes.30Bibliography.31Acknowledgements.32The Pursuit of the Freedom of Major Roles in The Adventures of Huckleberry FinnWu Yulong(Foreign Language Department, Hunan City University, Yiyang, Hunan 413000, China)Abstract:This paper probes into The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in three part. The first part discusses the reasons why Huck and Jim run away for freedom. It mainly talks about the social confinement and Hucks fathers control over Huck and the cruel Slavery pressed on Jim. The second part discusses Huck and Jims psychology their represented during the adventure, it mainly analyzes Hucks children psychology and Jims adult psychology. The last part discusses the reasons why Huck and Jim can obtain freedom successfully. For Huck, it mainly analyzes Hucks cleverness, consideration, and patience, and his rational, decisive quality; and for Jim, it mainly analyzes Jims good character, Huck and Miss Watsons function and the effect come from the anti-slavery movement in American society.Key Words: freedom; Huck; confinement; Jim; slavery摘 要：本文分别从三个部分来探讨了哈克贝利费恩历险记中主人公对自由的追求。第一部讨论哈克与吉姆逃跑的原因，主要分析了文明社会对哈克的束缚及哈克父亲对他的控制和奴隶制对吉姆的压迫。第二部分讨论两人在追求自由之旅中所表现出来的心理层次，主要分析了哈克的儿童心理和吉姆的成人心理。第三部分讨论了哈克与吉姆成功获得自由的原因。对于哈克，主要分析了他自己的聪明，深思熟虑，有耐心，理智且果断的自身特点对他获取成功的帮助；对于吉姆，主要分析他自己的良好品行，哈克与沃声小姐的作用及反奴隶制运动的影响。关键词: 自由；哈克；束缚；吉姆，奴隶制IntroductionMark Twain (1835-1910) is the founder of American critical realism literature and is also the great master of the world-famous short stories whose original name is Samuel Langhorne Clemens. During his life, Mark Twain writes many famous books. In 1884，Mark Twains representative works Adventures of Huckleberry Finn appeared. Although it is the continuance of Adventures of Tom Sawyer, they have qualitative differences between them. In a sense, Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is no longer the “children books”. Mark Twain had become the literary giant and enjoyed popularity from America to Europe. For Lincoln abolished the slavery by an order, and Mark Twain collapsed the slavery thought by his works Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, so he was called American “Lincoln on the literature”, and his legendary character praised by all the public. Adventures of Huckleberry Finn：A somewhat messy, slightly dirty young boy in castoff, ill-fitting clothing and bare feet. His face, much dirtier is also bright, but the expression is inquisitive and confident rather than smug, with a touch of wonder mixed with slyness. He may be carrying a fishing pole, but he is probably not doing anything in particular. Keith Neilson, Preface of the Adventures of Huckleberry FinnAs is described above we could find that the boy is Huckleberry Finn who comes from Mark Twains famous novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. In this novel, Huck is a teenager boy full of adventurous spirit, and he is also a social outcast (until he acquires some money), liar, thief, child of nature, and natural rebel. In order to pursue the personal freedom, he escaped from the “civilizing” society with a runaway slave, and journeyed on the Mississippi River for a long time. Therefore, if we want to analyze Hucks development process, we should have a general understanding about the novel Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. However, in the early period of its publishing, Huckleberry Finn had not always occupied its present high place in the canon of American literature. But today everybody believes that it is the masterpiece or the most worthy book to read in the world 1iterary history. Whats more, a lot of famous persons gave it the high praise in the history. In 1935, Hemingway made his often quoted statement that praised Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: “all modem American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called Huckleberry Finn, all American writing comes from that”. And then in Lionel Trillings often anthologized introduction to Rinehart edition (1948), he calls Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, “one of the worlds great books and one of the central documents of American culture”. And after Adventures of Huckleberry Finn published, There are many domestic and international researches on Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in different points of views. Studies From the behavior of the figure, some scholars classified Huck act as escapist behavior, it is behavior that not meet the face of the problem, but run away to avoid the confinement, but not solve the problem in fact. The other representative study is probe the topic from the angle of racial equality.Chapter1 The Reason Huck and Jim Run Away For FreedomIn this chapter, we will focus on studying the reason why Huck and Jim run away. In order to understand the freedom theme better, it is important to make clear the cause of the event of running away. In the novel, Huck and Jim are come out from different groups, so the study of the flee reason also different. Huck, as a white, running away for freedom mainly because he cant stand the confinement of the civilized society. For Jim, he flee because Miss Watson was going to sell him and at the same time, he cant stand the press of the cruel slavery anymore. 1.1 The Reason Huck Leave for FreedomThe first reason cause Hucks run away for freedom is the “civilizing” society confinement. Before he get the gold coin and adopted by Widow Douglas, Huck is both lovely and naughty, with childlike innocence and unpretending goodness behind the appearance of a vagabond, he is a boy have the biggest freedom, no man restrict him , he can do whatever he want to do as his own will: Huckleberry Finn, son of the town drunkard. Huckleberry was cordially hated and dreaded by all the mother of the town, because he was idle and lawless and vulgar and bad, and because all their children admired him so, and delighted in his forbidden society, and wished they dared to be like him,and all the respectable boys envied Hucks gandy out cast condition. Everyday, Huckleberry come and went, at his own free will. He sleeps on doorsteps in fine weather and in empty hogsheads in wet. He dis not have to go to school or to church, or call any being master or obey anybody; he could go fish or swimming when and where he chose, and stay as long as it suited him, nobody forbade him to fight; he could sit up as late as he pleased; he never had to wash, nor put on clean clothes; he could swear wonderfully.52-53 But after Widow Douglas adopted Huck as her son-in-law, everything had changed: Hucks free lost, there are many rules the Widow Douglas demanded that he must abbey, “She makes me get up just at the same time every morning; she makes me wash, they comb me all to thunder; she wont let me sleep in the woodshed; Igot to wear them blamed clothes that just smothers me, Tom, they dont seem to any air git throughem, somehow; and they are so rotten nice that I cant set down, nor lay down, nor roll around anywhers; I haint slid on cellar door for well; it pears to be years; I got to got to church and sweat and sweatI hate them ornery sermons! I cant chaw. the wider eats by a bell; she goes to bed by a bell; she gits up by a belleverything is so awful regular a body cant stang it.” “Tom, it dont make no difference, I aint everybody, and I cant stand it, Its awful to be tied up so: and grub comes too easyI dont take no interest in vittles, that way, I got to ask to go to a-fishing; I got to ask to go in a-swimmingdernd if I haint got to do everything. Well, Id got to talk so nice it wasnt no comfortId got to go up in the attic and rip out a while, every day, to git a taste in my mouth, or Id a died, Tom, the wider wouldnt let me smoke; she wouldnt let me yell, she wouldt let me gape, nor stretch, nor scratch, before talksThen with a spasm of special irritation and injury “and dad fetch it, she prayed all the time! I never see such a woman! I had to shove, TomI just had to, and besides, that schools going to open, and Id a had to go to itwell, I wouldnt stand that, Tom.289-291So because Widow Douglass “civilizing” society confinement, Huck had turned up missing once, though he had bravely bore the miseries three weeks. But at last, Tom find him and managed persuade him get back to Widow Douglas. So this is the first reason that make him after free: to run out of the “civilizing” society confinement. And after Hucks father come to the stage, another confinement come out.The second important reason cause Huck to pursuit freedom is that his father controlled him, Huck lost personal freedom. Personal freedom also known as physical freedom. Refers to the rights of citizens shall be inviolable. Personal freedom is one of the most basic rights of citizens. Narrow sense refers only to citizens of the personal freedom of the body free from infringement, which limits citizens from unlawful imprisonment, arrest or custody rights. Broad personal freedom but also closely associated with personal dignity and inviolability of citizens, civil liberty and privacy of communication protected by law, etc. In the novel, Huck was under his fathers custody, obviously, Huck lost his personal freedom of narrow sense. He had been locked in a cabin and cant go to anywhere, and everyday he had to getting a cowhiding, and the beat from his father was worse day by day. “But by and by pap got too handy with his hickry, abd I couldnt stand it. I was all over welts.” Once he locked Huck in and was gone three days, this makes Huck feel dreadful lonely and fear. And one time, Huck almost lost his life, for his father suddenly got wild one day, and chased Huck with a clasp knife, saying he would kill Huck, at last, his father got too tired and stop and fall sleep, only by Huck fat running he saved himself. This series event make Huck come out the idea to run away from the cabin and his fathers control and ill-treat. For the two reasons, when Huck managed run away from his fathers cabin, he not get back to the Widow Douglas, because its the place full of “civilizing” society confinement, under the Widow Douglas, wherever he turned, the bars and gackles of civilization shut him in and bound his hand and foot. And before he get away from the cabin, one time, when his father tell to him that thered be another trial to get Huck away from his father and will give Huck back to Widow Douglas, this new frightened Huck, because he didnt want to go back to the widow any more to be so cramped up and sivilized, though there is no ill-treat. And in his fathers cabin he can behavior as his own will, but he should stand ill-treat and there is no personal freedom, everyday he was locked in the cabin. So he decided run away from both Widow Douglas and his father, or run away the “civilizing” society confinement and his fathers control to pursuit his freedom as he own before adopted by Widow Douglas. And then starts his adventure.1.2 The Reason Jim Run Away for FreedomFor Jim, there some also some reasons that make him run away to pursuit freedom. The direct reason is that his master want to sell Jim to Orleans. And the root reason is the unjust slavery. In the novel, Jim is a nigger and a slaver of Miss Watson. But Miss Watson is not a good master, she treats Jim poor rough, pecks on Jim all the time. And as a slaver, Jim only can stand it. But one day, Jim got news that Miss Watson will sell him to another place Orleans, and she will get eight hundred dollars, but to Jim, its an unfortunate thing, he will apart with his family, apart with his wife and his daughter and son. So after get the news, Jim run away from the Miss Watson. And the root reason Jim run away is American slavery in this time. After Jim run away from Miss Watson, though he avoid the fate to be sell, Jim is still an slaver, he cant change his slaver identity. So he plan go to free states to obtain free, For the slavery in the south of American is crucial. Under the slave system in South American, the blacks are under very cruel exploitation and oppression. The heavy labor, inhuman living conditions, and destructed and abused by the supervisor, make a robust black takes only 6,7 years working in the plantation, then exhausted his physical, become disabled, or die very soon. So Jims run away for freedom became a sure thing. Chapter2Chapter2The Psychological Level Represented by the Major RolesDuring the adventure of Huck and Jim pursuit of freedom, Huck often showed his children psychology, for example, his naughty and curiosity and dependent thought. In the early stage, he was seriously effect by the wrong and unjust slavery thinking, and because of this, he often play tricks on Jim instead of respecting Jim. All of this showed Hucks immature and children psychology. And for Jim, there are many plot reflect Jims adult psychology, for example, his great love and his family viewpoint and strong will power. 2.1 Huck Child Psychology and PerformanceHucks child psychology can clearly see in his attitude on Jim. Hucks attitude on Jim can reflect his immature psychology. At first, having undergone the course of twists and turns, Huck rescues Jim from all kinds of dangerous situations, and in this course Huck himself also experiences the complex journey of spiritual. In the novel, Huck as a white boy, living in the white society where the slavery is very popular, is easy to accept the conventional notions: the slave is naturally humble who does not have the equal position with the white. The white master can dominate his slaves as pleasure as he can. He is also taught that the slavery is good and right. If some one finds the runaway slave, he should report the slave immediately. On the contrary, if some one helps the slave to flee, he will “go to hell”. All these notions make up the key of the social moral principles in that period, and they also become the “conscience standard of the social members which influences Hucks minds deeply. What is more, in his adventurous journey with Jim, Huck often shakes his beliefs, thus, the writer believes that the reason completely stems from this. In Chapters8, Huck first meets with Jim on the Jacksons Island, he swears never to report Jim, despite that “people would call me allow down Abolitionist and despise me for keeping mum”. In the following journey, it is the promise that makes Huck suffers great anxiety. Because in his journey with Jim, frequently, there is the biggest decision he has to make: whether or not to tell on Jim. What is more, as the development of the plot, Hucks conscience is in a torturing dilemma. On the one hand, out of the moral appreciation to Miss Watson who ever helps him and the demand of the social standard, Huck should tell on Jim and returns Jim to his master. However, on the other hand, the similar experiences and survival crisis join their life together. Both of them must break off the relationship with the social members and escape from human-beings hypocrisy and the unfair things in the society. So Huck starts to be confronted with the moral dilemma and his heart is full of the sense of crisis. Nevertheless, his sense of living crisis has surpassed the moral test. So in the early time, Huck does not take Jim as an equal “person” as him. Although they are good friends, Huck still looks down upon Jim like other white Southerners, and he often play a tricks on Jim. In Chapter 15, he cheats Jim that what happens in the fog is a dream. But Jim has realized that Huck plays a trick on him. He is angry and it seems that his emotion has been deeply hurt by Huck. Therefore, Jim says to Huck that what do they stanfor? I gwyne to tell you. When I got all wore out wid work, en wid de callinfor you, en went to sleep, my heart wuz mos broke bekase you wuz loss, en I didnk yer no mo what become er me en de raf. En when I wake up en fine you back agin, all safe en soun, de tears come en I could a got down on my knee en kiss yo foot Is so thankful. En all you wuz thinking bout wuz how you could make a fool uv ole Jim a lie. Dat truck dah is trash; en trash is what people is dat puts on de head er dey frens en makesem ashamed.After hearing what Jim has said, Huck feels so mean and ashamed; he “could almost kissed his foot to get him to take it back.” So Huck works himself up to go and apologize to Jim that he will never play a trick on him again. This is the first time that he conquers himself on the notion towards the slaves. What is more, Huck makes an important step on breaking with the conventional forces and prejudice. It indicates that Hucks attitude towards Jim has greatly changed. From then on, he begins to take Jim as a “Person” who has the same position and dignity with him. In the following process of flight, he gradually understands Jim further. Huck finds that Jim is such a kind-hearted person who takes care of him like a father. Therefore, in Hucks mind, Jim is not only a person but also a good person. For this, eventually, Huck cuts off the social pr