参考 deathofasalesmanppt知识交流.ppt

DeathofaSalesman 推销员之死 byArthurMiller 戏剧第二组丁楠 ArthurMiller October17 1915 February10 2005 wasanAmericanplaywrightandessayist AprominentfigureinAmericantheatreandcinemaforalmost100years writingawidevarietyofdramas includingcelebratedplayssuchasTheCrucible AViewfromtheBridge AllMySons andDeathofaSalesman whicharestudiedandperformedworldwide ArthurMillerwasborninNewYork Hisfatherwasaladies wearmanufacturerandshopkeeperwhowasruinedinthedepression ThesuddenchangeinfortunehadastronginfluenceonMiller Miller splaysoftendepicthowfamiliesaredestroyedbyfalsevalues PovertywillhavealastingeffectInsecurityofmodernexistence I IntroductiontoArthurMiller ArthurMiller阿瑟 米勒 MarilynMonroe玛丽莲 梦露 HisMajorWorks DeathoftheSalesman 推销员之死 AllMySons 全是我儿子 制造商凯勒在二战期间向美国空军出售残次部件 导致21名飞行员机毁人亡 后他又将罪责推给合伙人 当他得知遇难的飞行员中有自己的儿子时 受到良心谴责 终于愧疚自杀 TheCrucible kru sibl 炼狱 以1692年塞姆勒镇发生的驱巫冤案为素材 表现黑暗宗教势力与普通人良心的斗争 戏剧公演时正值美国麦卡锡主义猖獗时期 该剧影射和抨击了非美活动调查委员会审讯共产党人的事件 米勒因政治思想进步而遭该委员会传讯 但毫不畏惧 并借古讽今创作了该剧 II DeathofASalesman II DeathofASalesman DEATHOFASALESMAN 1949 broughtMillerinternationalfame andbecomeoneofthemajorachievementsofmodernAmericantheatre ItrelatesthetragicstoryofasalesmannamedWillyLoman whosepastandpresentaremingledinexpressionisticscenes Lomanisnotthegreatsuccessthatheclaimstobetohisfamilyandfriends Thepostwareconomicboomhasshakenuphislife Heiseventuallyfiredandhebeginstohallucinateaboutsignificanteventsfromhispast Linda hiswife believesintheAmericanDream butshealsokeepsherfeetontheground Decidingthatheisworthmoredeadthanalive Willykillshimselfinhiscar hopingthattheinsurancemoneywillsupporthisfamilyandhissonBiffcouldgetanewstartinhislife CriticshavedisagreedwhetherhissuicideisanactofcowardiceoralastsacrificeonthealtaroftheAmericanDream TheFamilyMembersinDeathofASalesman WillyLoman AsixtyyearoldsalesmanlivinginBrooklyn WillyLomanisagregarious mercurialmanwithpowerfulaspirationstosuccess However afterthirty fiveyearsworkingasatravelingsalesmanthroughoutNewEngland WillyLomanfeelsdefeatedbyhislackofsuccessanddifficultfamilylife Althoughhehasadutifulwife hisrelationshipwithhisoldestson Biff isstrainedbyBiff scontinualfailures Asasalesman WillyLomanfocusesonpersonaldetailsoveractualmeasuresofsuccess believingthatitispersonalityandnothighreturnsthatgarnersuccessinthebusinessworld BiffLoman Thethirty fouryearoldsonofWillyLoman BiffwasastarhighschoolathletewithascholarshiptoUVA buthedidnotattendcollegeafterfailingahighschoolmathcourseandrefusingtoattendsummerschool HedidthisprimarilyoutofspiteafterfindingoutthathisfatherwashavinganaffairwithawomaninBoston Sincethen Biffhasbeenacontinualfailure stealingandevenspendingtimeinjail Despitehisfailuresandangertowardhisfather Biffstillhasgreatconcernforwhathisfatherthinksofhim andtheconflictbetweenthetwocharactersdrivesthenarrativeoftheplay LindaLoman Thedutiful obedientwifetoWillyandmotherofBiffandHappy LindaLomanistheonepersonwhosupportsWillyLoman despitehisoftenreprehensibletreatmentofher Sheisawomanwhohasagedgreatlybecauseofherdifficultlifewithherhusband whosehallucinationsanderraticbehaviorshecontendswithalone Sheisthemoralcenteroftheplay occasionallysternandnotafraidtoconfronthersonsabouttheirpoortreatmentoftheirfather HappyLomanTheyoungerofthetwoLomansons HappyLomanisseeminglycontentandsuccessful withasteadycareerandnoneoftheobviousmarksoffailurethathisolderbrotherdisplays Happy however isnotcontentwithhismorestablelife becausehehasneverriskedfailureorstrivenforanyrealmeasureofsuccess Happyisacompulsivewomanizerwhotreatswomenpurelyassexobjectsandhaslittlerespectforthemanywomenwhomheseduces BenWilly solderbrother BenlefthomeatseventeentofindtheirfatherinAlaska butendedupinAfrica wherehefounddiamondminesandcameoutofthejungleattwenty oneanincrediblyrichman AlthoughBendiedseveralweeksbeforethetimeatwhichtheplayisset heoftenappearsinWilly shallucinations carryingavaliseandumbrella BenrepresentsthefantasticsuccessforwhichWillyhasalwayshopedbutcanneverseemtoachieve HowardWagner Thethirty sixyearoldsonofFrankWagner WillyLoman sformerboss Howardnowoccupiesthesamepositionashislatefather AlthoughWillywastheonewhonamedHoward HowardisforcedtofireWillyforhiserraticbehavior Howardispreoccupiedwithtechnology whenWillymeetswithhisnewboss hespendsmostofthemeetingdemonstratinghisnewwirerecorder Bernard BernardistheonlysonofCharley Lowman snextdoorneighbour HeisintelligentandindustriousbutlacksthegregariouspersonalityofeitheroftheLomansons ItisthisabsenceofspiritthatmakesWillybelievethatBernardwillneverbeatruesuccessinthebusinessworld butBernardproveshimselftobefarmoresuccessfulthanWillyimagined Asagrown up heisalawyerpreparingtoargueacaseinfrontoftheSupremeCourt DeathofaSalesman theAmericanDream DeathofaSalesmanisconsideredbymanytobethequintessentialmodernliteraryworkontheAmericandream atermcreatedbyJamesTruslowAdamsinhis1931book TheEpicofAmerica Thisissomewhatironic giventhatitissuchadarkandfrustratedplay TheideaoftheAmericandreamisasoldasAmericaitself thecountryhasoftenbeenseenasanemptyfrontiertobeexploredandconquered UnliketheOldWorld theNewWorldhadnosocialhierarchies soamancouldbewhateverhewanted ratherthanmerelyhavingtheoptionofdoingwhathisfatherdid MillerhadanuncertainrelationshipwiththeideaoftheAmericandream Ononehand Bernard ssuccessisademonstrationoftheideainitspuristandmostoptimisticform Throughhisownhardworkandacademicsuccess Bernardhasbecomeawell respectedlawyer Itisironic however thatthecharactermostobviouslyconnectedtotheAmericandream whoboaststhatheenteredthejungleatageseventeenandcameoutattwenty onearichman actuallycreatedthissuccessinAfrica ratherthanAmerica ThereisthepossibilitythatBencreatedhisownsuccessthroughbruteforceratherthaningenuity TheotherdoubtcastontheAmericandreaminDeathofaSalesmanisthattheLomanmen despitetheircharmandgoodintentions havenotmanagedtosucceedatall MillerdemonstratesthattheAmericandreamleavesthosewhoneedabitmorecommunitysupport whocannotadvocateforthemselvesasstrongly inthedust WhoKilledWillyLoman WillyLoman sdeathasasocialtragedyWillyLoman sdeathasapersonaltragedy WillyLoman sdeathasasocialtragedy WillyLomanisthevictimoftheAmericandream Histragedyiscausedbyhisfaithinaccomplishingit whichmeanssuccessthroughworkinghardandobtainingother sacceptancebypopularpersonality whichmakeshimbelieves amancanendupwithdiamondshereonthebasisofbeingliked DaveSinglemanOnceinhisyouth hehasseenamannamedDaveSinglemanwhoisabletostayinhishotelroom wherehetelephonesbuyersandsalesatremendousamountofmerchandisewithoutevenleavinghisroom WhenDaveSinglemandiesattheageofeight four buyersandsalesmenfromalloverthecountrycometohisfuneral DaveSinglemansetsaperfectexampleofbeingsuccessfulasasalesman AllWilly slifehasbeenspentintryingtoimitatethisperson BenThesuccessofhisbrotherBenalsocontributessignificantlytohisfirmfaithintheAmericandream Benisapersonwhopossessesnothingbutheentersthejunglewhenheisseventeen andwhenhecomesoutattwenty oneheisrich ItstrengthensWilly sfaith TheGreatDepressionAsamiddle classfamily theLomanscouldnotgetridoftheinfluenceofthepowerfulGreatDepression whichalmostmadethewholecountryintoadisastrouseconomicdesperation AstheGreatDepressiondeepened theAmericandreamhadbecomeanightmare Whatwasoncethelandofopportunitywasnowthelandofdesperation Whatwasoncethelandofhopeandoptimismhadbecomethelandofdespair Socialsystem Puritans sbelief personalvaluesarebasedonmaterialsucess Soifyouarenotsuccessful youarenothingDarwin Theoriginofspecies ThesurvivalofthefittestAmericaassocietyofthestrongExploitativeIndifferentHoward No butit sbusiness kid andeverybody sgottapullhisownweight Kid Ican ttakebloodfromastone WillyLoman sdeathasapersonaltragedy DishonestJealousInabilitytofacerealityHoldingfalsevalues Dishonest Linda becauseIlovehim Heisthedearestmanintheworldtome andIwon thaveanyonemakinghimfeelunwantedandlowandblue Lindalovesherhusbandandevenrespectshim inspiteofallhisdifficulties SheconstantlybelievesinWillyandisevenreadytorejecthersonsforthismanwhodreamssuchstrangeillusions Buttoawifelikethis Willyisstilldishonest Heplaysaroleofanabsentloverintheirmarriage Hedevelopsaguiltyrelationshipwithawoman MissFrances andWillyhasgiventhiswomanmanystockings Onthecontrary Lindaalwaysmendsstockings SothestockingsareusedasasymbolofWilly sguilt WillyisjealousofCharley ssuccess WhenWillyisfiredbyHoward Charleyoffershimajob ButWillyrefuseshim FromthesewecouldfindWilly sjealousyandhisfalsepride Charleyhelpshim Healsosetsgoodexamplesforhim IfWillycouldlistentohim thenhemightstillbealiveandliveanotherlife Buthetreatsthisimpactinadifferentway Herefuseshishelp andhegoesfurtherandfurtherfromtherealityandthehappylifewhichCharleylivesandheprobablyalsocouldlive Jealous OtherPersonalities Self centered self importantWhydoyougetAmerican cheese whenIlikeSwiss Ithoughtyouwouldlikeachange Idon twantachange IwantSwisscheese WhyamIalwaysbeingcontradicted Arrogant extravagantIneverhavetowaitinlinetoseeabuyer WillyLomanishere That salltheyhavetoknow andIgorightthrough Knocked emcoldinProvidence slaughtered eminBoston Self willedandobstinateBlindlyambitious distorted Inabilitytofacereality ThestoryistoldpartlythroughthemindandmemoryofWillyLoman whichimpliesWilly sinabilitytofacereality Heisdominatedbyhisillusions whichresultsinthelosingofhismanyopportunitiestobesuccessful HehastheillusionthathecouldbeassuccessfulasthesalesmannamedDaveSinglemansohegivesuphisopportunitytogotoAlaskawithBentomakeafortunebyothermeans HehastheillusionthatheisbetterthanCharleysohecannotworkforCharley Thistimeheloseshislastchancetosucceedortobealive Inabilitytofacereality Illusionabouthisownsuccess liesabouthowwell likedheisinallofhistownandNewEngland IllusionabouthissonsWilly Becauseyougotagreatnessinyou Biff Yougotallkindsofgreatness Refusetoacknowledgethefact thatheisinfactabettercarpenterthanasalesman continuestolivealifeoflies memoriesanddream Biff AcarpenterisallowedtowhistleWilly EvenyourgrandfatherisbetterthanacarpenterGototheWest Beacarpenter enjoyyourself Noawarenessofwhathappentohim Falsevalues Tobewell likedandtohavepersonalattractivenessWhenhetalkswithBiff hesays themanwhomakesanappearanceinthebusinessworld themanwhocreatespersonalinterest isthemanwhogetsahead Belikedandyouwillneverwant NoonecantellhimwhattodoHebelievesthathecannotbebossedaroundandthatheistooimportanttofallunderanyone sauthoritybuthisown HeteachesBiffandHappynottotakeordersfromanyone Falsevalues Willyphilosophy successisbasedonappearance popularity notbybeinghard working studiousBernardcangetthebestmarksinschool betwhenyougetsoutinthebusinessworld y understand youaregoingtobefivetimesaheadofhim That swhyIthankAlmightyGodyou arebothbuiltlikeAdonises Becausethemanwhomakesanappearanceinthebusinessworld isthemanwhogetsahead Beliefinmaterialismandcommercialismbutnotspiritualism DaveSingleman Ben fortune diamonmine Willy Boys boys Listentothis ThisisuncleBen agreatman Tellmyboys Ben Ben Why boys whenIwasseventeenIwalkedintothejungle andwhenIwastwenty oneIwalkedout AndbyGodIwasrichWilly totheboys YouseewhatIbeentalkingabout Thegreatestthingcanhappen Conclusion WillyLomanisclearlyavictimofwhathedevotedlyadheresto thecapitalistsystemanditsvalues Personalitytypeisdestiny Histragiclifeisalsovictimizedbyhisownflawsinhischaracter SummaryWilly sfateisinevitableHistragedyisanunbreakabletrapWillyisvictimofhisownbeliefandsociety TheoriginanddevelopmentofAmericanDream TheAmericanDreamconsistsofagenuineanddeter