如何写出英语作文得分的.doc

书面表达高分策略 以前,英语作文评分的依据是根据要点和语言准确度而定。但是从2001年起实行的高考评分标准强调了内容要点,语言的多样性、连贯性和得体性, 鼓励学生尝试语言表达的多样化和复杂化。因此要写成一篇较有水准的英语作文,除了要点和语言准确度以外,还必须在语用、语法结构以及表达的多样性和灵活性上有所表现。句子单一、缺乏生气的文章,哪怕没有任何错误也不可能得高分,相反,“有些许错误,但是为了使用较复杂结构或较高级词汇所致”,给分档次仍在最高档(2125分)。那么,英语作文如何才能得高分呢?下面我们从词汇到篇章结构来讲讲如何写出高分的作文。一、 运用较高级的词汇，闪耀得分亮点 较高词汇的选择和运用，不仅能为文章增色，而且能体现出作者综合运用语言的能力。在解答书面表达题时，尽可能运用较高级词汇是增添得分亮点的一个有效途径。首先，应明确较高级词汇并非都是指课本上从未出现过的词语，更不是在备考的有限时间里刻意去背大量的课外词汇。这里较高级的词汇，指的是那种能够化平淡为不凡，给评卷人一种与众不同的印象的词语。如：1.Li Hua likes to help others and he is liked by all the people around him.2. Li Hua is always ready to help others and he is popular with the people around him.,and he is well received by the people around him.因此，同学们应有意识地运用一些词组、习语来代替一些单词，突破普通用词的同（近）义词或反义词，有些是通过构词法变化而来的。以下是常见的一些运用较高级词汇的例子，请大家作比较。1.A new building is being built in our school. A new building is under construction in our school.2. This picture makes me think of those who succeed in poor conditions. This picture reminds me of those who succeed in unfavourable conditions.3. It is our duty to use water wisely by recycling water in our daily life.It is everyones responsibility to make good use of water,such as recycling water in our daily life.4.We all miss you and thank you for what you did for us. We all miss you and are very grateful for what you did for us.5. I advised him to stop smoking,but he didnt take my advice.I advised him to stop smoking,but he turned a deaf ear to me.6. Our class is a happy family,which is made up of 22 boys and 18 girls. Our class is a happy family,which consists of 22 boys and 18 girls.7. The mother, who loves her children very much,works hard day and night. The mother, who is devoted to her children,works hard day and night.8.Im not free now,because I have a lot of work to do.I am as busy as a bee, because I have endless work to do.以上每组中的第二个句子运用了较高词汇进行表达，使句子的表现力得到加强。这些较高词汇并不复杂，同学们在进行书面表达的训练是有意识加以运用就行。另外有一类较高级词汇，由于他们难以记忆，因此常被忽视，但是掌握一些难度较大的词汇的用法，并将其运用到书面表达中，对提升书面表达的档次是很有帮助的。如：1. You can see a lot of high buildings here and there in our city.Our city is dotted with numerous high buildings.后一句变换了句式，而且采用了较高级词汇，更具增分的因素。2.Im looking forward to hearing from you soon.I would appreciate it if you would send me a reply at your earliest convenience.(写作任务)据报道，现代人由于工作忙碌，很多人无暇读书。请你根据以下要求写一篇英语短文。 1. 谈读书的好处（至少两点） 2.号召人们多读书。（100字左右）词汇准备：many/a lot of /a great number of/quite a few be reported to do sth spend.doing sth /devote .to doing sthbe busy /be as busy as a bee/endless make friends with/keep sb company be compared togood friends/loyal friendsbetray/turns ones back upon sbin poor /unfavourable conditionsprovide sb sth/equip sb with sthmake a difference参考范文：Quite a few people are reported to devote little time to reading because of their endless work.A man, in my opinion, may usually be known by the books he reads as well as by the company he keeps.A good book is often compared to a loyal friend,who never turns his back upon us when we are in unfavourable conditions. Besides, books provide a great deal of valuable information we need and they introduce us into the best society.The more we read,the more we are equipped for life. Read more today,and we will make a difference in our life tomorrow.二、 丰富句式表达，提升得分亮点在书面表达中仅仅做到运用高级词汇表达这一点还不够，还要注意句式表达的多样化，综合运用简单句、并列句、复合句、倒装句等来丰富书面表达的句式，以提升得分档次。（一）简单句的运用 简单句简洁明了地表达了写作的内容，但如果能适当地变换主语，则简单句也会表现出不同的效果。如：1.We sawa series of bad harvests in this area during those few years 2.Those few years saw a series of bad harvests in this area. 1. Our hometown has changed greatly in the past few years. 2. Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past few years.使用被动句使表达更符合英语表达习惯，显得得体、地道，比较1. Because we can divide the work among several people,we can do the work efficiently.2.As the work can be divided among several people,it can be done efficiently.In order to achieve this goal,no-smoking signs will be put up in all indoor public places.也可以把状语置于句首,试比较:1.My brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle the other day.2. The other day my brother and I went to the cinema by bicycle.巧妙地使用同位语，是简化句子，优化句子结构的有效途径之一,比较1.Im Li Hua. Im chairman of the student union of Yucai Middle School and our school is close to your university.2.Im Li Hua， chairman of the student union of Yucai Middle School ，which is close to your university.用with或without引导的短语可以使句子简洁明了而表达的内容又丰满形象。She finally came to a river with red flowers and green grass on both sides.1.There was only half an hour to go before the train left.I had to take a taxi to go to the railway station.2. With only half an hour to go before the train left.I had to take a taxi to go to the railway station.1.The driver escaped and didnt stop, he left the old man lying on the road.2.The driver escaped without stopping, leaving the old man lying on the road.非谓语动词的运用1.The young man couldnt help crying when he heard the bad news.2.Hearing the bad news, the young man couldnt help crying.To reach the goal, I must first try my best to pass the College Entrance Examination and enter a good university.Around 540 million people are affected by second-hand smoke,causing 100,000 deaths a year.Deeply moved by her efforts,we tried our best and won first prize in the contest.此外，独立主格结构是较为正式的表达方式，也是获取高分的重要手法1.After they had done everything, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.2. Everything done, they sat in the yard chatting with the elderly people.(写作任务)随着经济的快速发展，中国这个曾被称为“自行车王国”的国度，因汽车拥有量过多而导致城市交通拥挤当前，全社会为回归自行车而出谋划策。请你就此写一篇120词左右的英语短文，并谈谈你的看法（参考范文）With the fast development of our national economy,more and more people in China have a car of their own,causing heavy traffic in cities. China, which was known as the bicycle kingdom, has seen the sharp decrease in bicycles on the road. People try to avoid public transportation delays by using their own cars, but this in turn creates further problems. Will the bicycle kingdom be a thing of the past? Much to our delight, measures have taken to encourage people to ride bicycles instead of driving private cars. Though it may be some time before the situation improves, I do hope that this environmentally friendly means of transportation will once again be more popular in our country.(二) 并列句的运用 常用的并列连词有and,so, or,but,for等。在书面表达中，根据句子之间的关系，适当地选用并列句来替代简单句。The tree you planted yourself is growing well,and the whole class has decided to name it Sue Wood.Show your respect and never interrupt others till they have finished talking.1. He wont be able to pass the exam without our help.2.We must help him with his lessons,or he wont be able to pass the exam.(三)复合句的运用定语从句的使用使句子结构更紧凑、语言更流畅，句式更高级。试比较：1.We are now living in the information age.In this age,TV, cellphones and the Internet are widely used.2. We are now living in the information age,when/in which TV, cellphones and the Internet are widely used.1.The teacher spoke English throughout the class.That was totally different from teh lessons I had taken before.2. The teacher spoke English throughout the class,which was totally different from teh lessons I had taken before.名词性从句的使用主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句和同位语从句的合理使用可以使表达更紧凑。1. Li Yue did a lot of things for our class.She has been awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week”.2.Li Yue has been awarded the title of “Star Student of the Week” for what she did for our class. 1. We had to stand there to catch the offender.2. What we had to do was to stand there, trying to catch the offender.1.Jennifer will come to the party on time.Thats definite.2.There is no doubt that Jennifer will come to the party on time.状语从句的使用1. In the morning class the next day,the English teacher came to me.At that time I was reading the text aloud.2. In the morning class the next day,the English teacher came to me while I was reading the text aloud.（四）倒装句的使用合理使用倒装句，改变句子的结构，是的句子的要点更加突出，是丰富句式表达的一种途径。1. A big tree grows between he two neighboring buildings.2. Between he two neighboring buildings grows a big tree.1. I went to bed at 11:30.2. Not until 11:30 did I go to bed.(四)强调句的使用也可以增加表达效果1.The dog has saved my little sister bravely.2.It is the dog that has saved my little sister bravely. (五)省略句的运用是表达简洁明了1.While you are crossing the street, you should be careful.2.While crossing the street, you should be careful.（六）it 句型的运用1.That we will find a cure for cancer in the near future is my belief.2. It is my belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the near future.1. My friend John said that he didnt want to join the club,and then left the room.2. Having made it clear that he didnt want to join the club, My friend John left the room.总之，要有选择性地使用合适的句式表达，为了能自如地变换句式，建议在练习中加强一句多译的能力。如：1. If you work hard, you will make progress.2. Work hard, and you will make progress.3. Working hard,you will make progress.4. It is certain that with more effort, youll make progress.5.Only when you work hard will you be able to make progress.It is reported in the newspaper that talks between the two countries are making progress.As is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. What is reported in the newspaper is that talks between the two countries are making progress. The accident is reported to have occurred on the first day in February.三、 合理运用过渡词语，确保行文连贯流畅 写好了每个句子,并不一定就是一篇好文章,因为作为一篇文章,还必须行文连贯。那么,如何使文章行文连贯呢?这就要求我们在组成篇章时,要用好过渡性词语,过渡性词语就像是我们组装机械时使用的润滑剂一样,起着润滑的作用。常用的过渡词语主要有:并列递进:and, also, as well as, besides, in addition, whats more, furthermore, moreover,whats worse,whats better,more importantly, to make matters worse,worse still etc.转折:but, yet, however, although,though, nevertheless, in spite of, after all, etc.因果:because, as, for, since, for this reason, because of, so, therefore, thus, as a result/consequence,consequently, etc.对比:or, otherwise, like, unlike, on the contrary, by contrast， while, on the other hand, instead of, etc.总结:in all, in brief, on the whole, in short, in general, in a word, to sum up, in conclusion, in summary,etc. 用于开头的过渡： as you know, as you can imagine, as you can see form the picture, to begin with，above all等 表示解释说明： such as, for example/ instance, in other words,that is (to say), namely, for one thing.for another thing等eg. I think it is a kind of win-win activity. For one thing,I can help take care of the children. For another thing, I can improve my English, make more friends, and enrich my life during the summer vacation. 表示观点：personally, in ones opinion/ view ,from my point of view, as far as Im concerned等 表示事实陈述： as a matter of fact, in fact, actually,to tell (you )the truth,Frankly speaking【写作任务】假设你是高三学生李华，你校决定从下个月起对垃圾实行分类处理。请你根据以下内容用英语给全校同学些一封倡议书。1.一些垃圾，如塑料、电池等对环境有害；2. 纸张、矿泉水瓶等可回收利用，一节省资源和资金；3. 号召同学们参与到这一活动中来。（120个字，可适当增减细节）Dear fellow students, Every day people throw away a lot of rubbish. Some of the rubbish rots away over a long period of time. _ _ Li Hua【参考范文】Dear fellow students, Every day people throw away a lot of rubbish. Some of the rubbish rots away over a long period of time.However rubbish like plastic and batteries dont break down easily, causing damage to the environment. Therefore, how to get rid of this kind of rubbish is becoming a big problem. A decision has been made that from next month on all the rubbish in our school should be separated and sorted into plastics,glass and paper. As we know, some rubbish, such as paper and mineral water bottles, can be recycled, which is beneficial to environment protection. Besides, money and materials will be saved. Dear fellow students , it is high time that we did something to make our earth a better place to live in. Lets start right now and begin with sorting the rubbish.四、 以情动人，表情达意显不凡俗语说：“文似看山不喜平”。因此除了以上技能外，如果能采用一些情感性词语、结构或语句等来增强文章的情感性，达到以情动人，无疑会增加文章的得分亮点。（一）运用情感性的词汇某些副词（always,never,so only obviously, fortunately,fairly,rather,much too, more than etc）或副词短语（without doubt, without hesitation, of course, above all, on the contrary, in low spirits, thanks to）及情感类动词（shock,confuse, puzzle, frighten, inspire, astonish）都具有较强的情感色彩，恰当地使用可以增加文章的色彩。eg. If there is anything I can do for you, I would be more than glad to help.However, when we reached the top, we were shocked to see litter here and there, such as bottles and banana peels.(二)选用情感的结构to ones surprise/joy/astonishment/ satisfaction/delight/regret/relief/ amazement/annoyance,有时前面还可以加上muchUsually John would be late for meetings. But this time, much to my surprise, he arrived on time.情感性插入语，如： whats better, whats worse,worse still, Im sure/afraid “A is to B what C is to D”比喻结构,如：Air is to us what water is to fish. There is no doubt that we should take measures to keep air and water clean. （三）采用情感性语句疑问句，感叹句，强调句在书面表达中都能体现作者的情感。How is everything with you lately?You can hardly imagine how excited I was at that time,because we hadnt met each other since graduation.Something is just such little things that make a big difference.四、其他体现情感的表达方式（一）运用特定的时态He is always telling lies.always,constantly, continually等用于现在进行时，可表达亲切、惊讶、责备、不满、厌恶等感情色彩。（二）运用虚拟语气 如:Therefore, its high time we did something about it.【写作任务】假设你叫李华，你的外籍教师Sally 结束了在你校为期一年的工作并于上周五回国。你原