高考英语作文技法.doc

表示罗列增First/second/then/next/after that/finally/another/For one thing for anotherOn (the) one handon the other hand/Besides / whats more / furthermore / moreover / also/Especially / In particular表示时间顺序now/ at present/ recently/after/afterwards/ after that/ after a while/ in a few days/at first/ in the beginning/ to begin with/later/next/finally/immediately/ soon/suddenly/all of a sudden/at that moment/as soon as/the moment/form now on/ from then on/at the same time/meanwhile/till/ notuntil/before/after/ when/while/as during表示解释说明in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, in fact, actually表示转折关系but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on the other hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all,表示并列关系or, and, also, too, not only but also, as well as, both and, either or, neithernor表示因果关系because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to, due to, therefore, as a result (of), sothat, suchthat表示条件关系as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless表示让步关系as, even if, even though, whether or, however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when,whom)表示举例for example, for instance, such as, take for example表示比较be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to),just like, just as,表示目的for this reason,for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to,表示强调in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all表示概括归纳in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion掌握常用句型： 1为了实现他的梦想,他学习非常努力。 He worked very hard in order to realize his dream.2.她拼命干活以便到六点时把一切都准备就绪。She worked hard in order that everything would be ready by 6 oclock.3.他们太累了,除了伸懒腰什么都做不了了。They were all so tired that they could do nothing but yawn.4.天气非常冷,以致于街上一个人都没有。It was such a cold day that there was nobody on the street.5他宁愿听他人讲而不愿自己说。He would rather listen to others than talk himself.6.他宁愿在精心准备后去做报告。He prefers making speeches after careful preparation.7.比起女人，男人总是宁可在家睡觉也不愿花那么多时间来购物。Compared with women, men always prefer to sleep at home rather than spend so much time shopping.8. 在短短的三年的时间里她不但完成了所有课程，而且还获得了博士学位。In just three years, she had not only finished all the lessons, but also received her doctors degree.9. 如果考试过关,你可以买一个MP3或去云南玩.You could either buy an MP3 or go to Yunnan for a visit if you pass the exam.10.他是一个无聊的人,既不爱娱乐,也不爱读书。He is a boring man. He likes neither entertainment nor reading.11.他善良又乐于助人。He was kind as well as helpful.12这个小孩活泼又可爱。The child is active and funny as well.13.你看见桌子上有两只笔吗?一支是红的,另一支是黑的.Have you seen two pens on the desk?One is red,the other is black.14每个人都很忙，有些在读书，有些在写作。Everyone is busy in classroom. Some are reading, others are writing.15.我们所做的可以让世界更美丽。What we do will make the world more beautiful.16.直到他告诉我发生的事，我才了解真相。I didnt know the truth until she told me what happened.17他夸夸其谈好像什么事都知道。He talks a lot as if he knows everything.18假装不懂规则是行不通的。Its no use pretending that you didnt know the rules.19. find it + adj to do我觉得作听力时有必要作笔记。I find it necessary to take down notes while listening.20. It is + time since我已经有两年没见他了。It is two years since I last met him.21. It is + time when我到电影院时已经八点钟了。It was 8 oclock when I got to the cinema.22. It is + time before不久我们就会再见面的。I wont be long before we can meet again.23. It isthat我最珍视的是友谊。It is friendship that I value most.24. It is + n / adj + that / to do每个人都必须懂得如何使用计算机It is a must that everybody should know how to use computers.核心句型:开头1. The arguer may be right about , but he seems to neglect (fail) to mention (take into account) that fact that 2. As opposed to (Contrary to) widely (commonly/generally) held (accepted) belief (ideas/views), I believe (argue that3. Although many people believe that , I doubt (wonder) whether the argument bears much analysis (close examination). 4. The advantages of B outweigh any benefit we gained from (carry more weight than those of / are much greater than) A. 5. Although it is commonly (widely / generally) held (felt / accepted / agreed) that , it is unlikely to be true that 6. There is an element of truth in this argument (statement), but it ignores a deeper and more basic (important / essential) fact (reason) that 7. It is true that (True, / To be sure, / Admittedly,), but this is not to say (it is unlikely / it doesnt follow / it doesnt mean / it wont be the case) that 8. The main (obvious / great) problem (flaw / drawback) with (in) this argument (view / remark) is that it is ignorant of (blind to) the basic (bare) fact that 9. It would be possible (natural / reasonable) to think (believe / take the view) that, but it would be absurd (wrong) to claim (argue) that 10. In all the discussion and debate over, one important (basic) fact is generally overlooked (neglected). 11. There is absolutely (in fact) no (every) reason for us to believe (accept / resist / reject) that 12. Logical (Valid / Sound) as this argument and I wholeheartedly agree with it, it appears insignificant (absurd) when is taken into consideration (account). 13. To assume (suggest) that is far from being proved (to miss the point). 14. A close (careful) inspection (examination / scrutiny) of this argument would reveal how flimsy (groundless / fallacious) it is. 15. On the surface (At first thought), it (this) may seem a sound (an attractive) suggestion (solution / idea), but careful weighing on the mind (on closer analysis / on second thought), we find that 16. Too much emphasis placed on (attention paid to / importance attached to) may obscure (overlook / neglect) other facts 17. The danger (problem / fact / truth / point) is that 18. What the arguer fails to understand (consider /mention) is that 19. We dont have to look very far to see (find out) the truth (validity) of this argument (proposition). 20. However just (logical / sound / valid) this argument may be, it only skims the surface of the problem. 2 正文 1. Although the popular belief is that, a current (new / recent) study (survey / poll / investigation) indicates (shows / demonstrates) that 2. Common sense tells us that 3. The increase (change / failure / success) in mainly (largely / partly) results from (arises from / is because of) 4. The increase (change / failure /success) in is due to (owing to / attributable to) the fact that 5. Many people would claim that 6. One may attribute (ascribe / owe) the increase (decrease / change) to , but is not by itself an adequate explanation. 7. One of the reasons given for is that 8. What is also worth noticing is that 9. There are many (different / several / a number of / a variety of) causes (reasons) for this dramatic (marked / significant) growth (change /decline / increase) in . First, Second, Finally, 10. There is no evidence to suggest that 11. Why are (is / do / did) ? For one thing, For another, 12. Another reason why I dispute the above statement is that 13. It gives rise to (lead to / bring / create) a host of problems (consequences). 14. There are numerous reasons why , and I shall here explore only a few of the most important ones. 15. It will exert (have / produce) profound (far-reaching / remarkable / considerable / beneficial / favorable / undesirable / disastrous) effect (influence) on 16. A multitude of factors could account for (contribute to / lead to / result in / influence) the change (increase / decrease / success/ failure / development) in 17. In 1999, it increased (rose / jumped / shot up) from 5 to 10 percent of the total (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 18. By comparison with 1998, it decreased (dropped / fell) from 10 to 5 percent (to 15 percent / by 15 percent). 19. It account for 15 percent of the total. 20. There were 100 traffic accidents in April, and increase of 5 percent in a five-month period. 21. By 1999, only (less than / more than / almost / about / over / as many as) three quarters (40 percent of / one out of five / one in four) college population (graduates / housewives) as against (as compared with) last year (1998) preferred to (liked) 3 结尾 1. From what has been discussed above (Taking into account all these factors / Judging from all evidence offered), we may safely draw (reach / come to / arrive at) the conclusion that 2. All the evidence (analysis) supports (justifies / confirms / warrants / points to) a(n) unshakable (unmistakable / sound / just) conclusion that 3. It is high time that we place (lay / put) great ( special / considerable) emphasis on the improvement (development / increase / promotion) of 4. It is high time that we put an end to the deep-seated (unhealthy / undesirable / deplorable) situation (tendency / phenomenon) of 5. We must look (search / all / cry) for an immediate action (method / measure), because the present (current) situation (phenomenon / tendency / state / attitude) of , if permitted (allowed) to continue (proceed), will surely (certainly) lead to (result in) the end (destruction / heavy cost) of 6. There is no easy (immediate / effective) solution ( approach / answer / remedy) to the problem of , but might be useful (helpful / beneficial). 7. No easy method (solution / recipe / remedy) can be at hand (found / guaranteed) to solve (resolve / tackle) the problem of , but the common (general / public) recognition of (realization of / awareness of / commitment to) the necessity (importance / significance) of might be the first step towards change (on the right way / in the right direction). 8. Following these methods (suggestions) may not guarantee the success in (solution to), but the pay-off will be worth the effort. 9. Obviously (Clearly / No doubt), if we ignore (are blind to) the problem, there is every chance that 10. Unless there is a common realization of (general commitment to), it is very likely (the chances are good) that 11. There is little doubt (no denying) that serous (special / adequate / immediate /further) attention must be called (paid / devoted) to the problem of 12. It is necessary (essential / fundamental) that effective (quick / proper) action (steps /measures / remedies) should be taken to prevent (correct / check / end / fight) the situation (tendency / phenomenon). 13. It is hoped (suggested / recommended) that great (continuous / persistent / sustained / corporate) efforts should be make to control (check / halt / promote) the growth (increase / rise) of 14. It is hoped that great efforts should be directed to (expended on / focused on) finding (developing / improving) 15. It remains to be seen whether, but the prospect (outlook) is not quite encouraging (that rosy). 16. Anyhow, wider (more) education (publicity) should be given to the possible (potential / grave / serious / pernicious) consequences (effects) of 17. To reverse (check / control) the trend (tendency) is not a light task (an easy job), and it requires (demands / involves / entails) a different state of main towards (attitude towards / outlook on) 18. For these reasons, I strongly recommend that 19. For the reasons given above, I feel that爱心主题：的词汇总结如下emotional strength 情感的力量the noblest of human emotions人类最高尚的情感no thought of gain不计得失the lamp of love爱心之灯help the victims of natural disasters支援自然灾害受害者donate whatever they can倾囊相助help their needy fellow citizens 帮助有需要的同胞be ready to give a helping hand 随时准备伸出援手 常用套语Kindly favor us with an early reply. 请早日赐复。Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated. 如能及时回复，将不胜感谢。We look forward to hearing from you soon. 早日回复。We are expecting your prompt reply. 急盼回复。Please have the kindness to answer this letter quickly. 请早日回信。Kindly let us have your reply at your earliest convenience. 请在您方便时尽早赐函。We would appreciate it if you could respond right away. 如能即刻回复，将不胜感谢。精彩句子Ask not what your country can do for you, ask what you can do for your country. ”不要问国家能为你做什么，而要问你能为国家做什么。Love is emotional strength, which can support us no matter how dark the world around us becomes.爱心是情感的力量，不论我们周围的世界多么黑暗，爱心都能支撑我们。People all over the country do not hesitate to donate whatever they can be it money or goods to help their needy fellow citizens.全国人民毫不犹豫地倾囊相助不管是钱还是物帮助那些有需要的同胞。The best way to show love is to help people who are more unfortunate than we are.表达爱心的最好方式是帮助比我们更加不幸的人。The darker the shadows of sorrow become, the more brightly the lamp of love shines.悲伤的阴影越黑暗，爱心之灯的光芒就越闪亮。优秀段落 A culture of one nation may become international, which is beneficial for all mankind. Since China has opened its doors widely to the outside world, many people from different countries want to visit China. They will come to accept and love Chinese culture as a whole. In addition, Chinese culture should be shared generously with foreign people, who show great interest in it. Meanwhile, as more and more foreigners come to China, they bring aspects of their own culture to share with the Chinese people. In this way, people from various nations in the world will be able to acquire a better understanding of each other and live peacefully together.一个国家的文化可能成为世界文化，这对全人类都有益。由于中国已经向外界敞开了国门，许多来自不同国家的人都希望来看一看中国。他们会开始接受并喜欢整个中国文化，中国文化应该大大方方地让感兴趣的外国人分享。与此同时，随着来中国的外国人越来越多，他们也把他们自己的文化带给了中国人。这样，世界各国的人们就能够更好地相互理解、和平相处。措施建议段（建议“人口老龄化”的解决措施）The rapidity of the populations aging has made it more urgent for the adoption of countermeasures. No doubt, the key is to build a solid economic foundation. Meanwhile, importance should be attached to overall social progress by changing the backward situation in social security, welfare and service. Whats more, family care and community services should also be encouraged.人口老龄化的加速使采取应对措施变得更为紧迫。毫无疑问，解决问题的关键是建立稳固的经济基础。与此同时，应该重视整体的社会进步，改变社会保障、福利和服务的落后局面。除此之外，应该鼓励家庭照料和社区服务。经典篇章古往今来，英语宝库中涌现出大批经典佳作，如林肯的葛底斯堡演说(The Gettysburg Address)，福克纳的诺贝尔奖演说(Banquet Speech)，海伦?凯勒的给我三天光明(Three Days to See)。这些文章在文字的运用上技法高超，在思想内涵上寓意深刻，读来字字珠玑，文字优美，启迪心智，含义隽永(full of exquisite words and truth, satisfying the mind, appealing to the heart)。这样的文章如不能熟读成诵，则无法融会贯通。背诵一定数量的经典名篇既有助于提高自己遣词造句的能力，也有助于加强自己表达思想的深度。下面的一篇短文是英国哲学家罗素(Bertrand Russell)自传的序言部分，题为What I Have Lived For（我的人生追求），概述了作者一生追求的三种理想，文章在语言和思想两个方面都堪称经典，值得背诵。What I Have Lived ForThree passions, simple but overwhelmingly strong, have governed my life: the longing for love, the search for knowledge, and unbearable pity for the suffering of mankind. These passions, like great winds, have blown me hither and thither, in a wayward course, over a deep ocean of anguish, reaching to the very verge of despair.I have sought love, first, because it brings ecstasy ecstasy so great that I would often have sacrificed all the rest of life for a few hours of this joy. I have sought it, next, because it relieves loneliness that terrible loneliness in which one shivering consciousness looks over the rim of the world into the cold unfathomable lifeless abyss. I have sought it, finally, because in the union of love I have seen, in a mystic miniature, the prefiguring vision of the heaven that saints and poets have imagined. This is what I sought, and though it might seem too good for human life, this is what at last I have found.With equal passion I have sought knowledge. I have wished to understand the hearts of men. I have wished to know why the stars shine. And I have tried to apprehend the Pythagorean power by which number holds sway above the flux. A little of this, but not much, I have achieved.Love and knowledge, so far as they were possible, led upward toward the heavens. But always pity brought me back to earth. Echoes of cries of pain reverberate in my heart. Children in famine, victims tortured by oppressors, helpless old people a hated burden to their sons, and the whole world of loneliness, poverty, and pain make a mockery of what human life should be. I long to alleviate the evil, but I cant, and I too suffer.This has been my life. I have found it worth living, and would gladly live it again if the chance were offered me.我的人生追求有三种简单然而无比强烈的激情左右了我的一生：对爱的渴望，对知识的探索和对人类苦难的难以忍受的怜悯。这些激情像飓风，无处不在、反复无常地吹拂着我，吹过深重的苦海，濒于绝境。我寻找爱，首先是因为它使人心醉神迷，这种陶醉是如此的美妙，使我愿意牺牲所有的余生去换取几个小时这样的欣喜。我寻找爱，还因为它解除孤独，在可怕的孤独中，一颗颤抖的灵魂从世界的边缘看到冰冷、无底、死寂的深渊。最后，我寻找爱，还因为在爱的交融中，神秘而又具体而微地，我看到了圣贤和诗人们想象出的天堂的前景。这就是我所寻找的，而且，虽然对人生来说似乎过于美妙，这也是我终于找到了的。以同样的激情我探索知识。我希望能够理解人类的心灵。我希望能够知道群星为何闪烁。我试图领悟毕达哥拉斯所景仰的数字力量，它支配着此消彼涨。仅在不大的一定程度上，我达到了此目的。爱和知识，只要有可能，通向着天堂。但是怜悯总把我带回尘世。痛苦呼喊的回声回荡在我的内心。忍饥挨饿的孩子，惨遭压迫者摧残的受害者，被儿女们视为可憎负担的无助的老人，连同这整个充满了孤独、贫穷和痛苦的世界，使人类所应有的生活成为了笑柄。我渴望能够减少邪恶，但是我无能为力，而且我自己也在忍受折磨。这就是我的一生。我发现它值得一过。如果再给我一次机会，我会很高兴地再活它一次。Beauty imitated is beauty recreated.（模仿美就是创造美）如果记忆中有像 “Not that I loved Caesar less, but that I loved Rome more. ”（不是我爱凯撒浅，而是我爱罗马深。）这样的经典名句，当写作有关英语学习的文章时不妨模仿这个句式: Not that we cant master English, but that we have not been willing to take pains. （不是我们不能掌握英语，而是我们不愿付出努力。）Good writing favors the prepared mind.英语议论文的语言特点时态较为统一，多用现在时；强调语言表达的客观性；尽可能指明信息来源等等。自己特有的表达形式：1.较多使用表达委婉语气的词语和句子在词语表达上除了客观之外，还必须注意委婉。在英语中，常用虚拟语气，让步状语从句和情态动词can，could，may，might，would，should等。请看下面两组有关“面试在招生过程中的重要性”的文字：2.使用有辩论、推理等含义的连接词和过渡词等词语结构英语议论文讲究辩论推理的条理性和逻辑性，因此，往往较多地使用这类性质的过渡词和连接词，常用的包括：since （既然），now that（既然）， therefore（因而），consequently（因此），accordingly（因此），hence（因而），in that case（在那种情况下），because（因为），so（所以）。另外，还有些句型也常出现在英语议论文中，比如： It follows that（因而），If，we may conclude that（如果，我们可以这样下结论）， Should it be the case（如果是这样的话），Idont want to，but（我并不想，但是）， If you admit，then（如果你承认，那么），It is true that，but（诚然，但是）， Even if（即使）等。下面这篇学生作文较好地使用了上述这些英语议论文常用的连接词和过渡词等词语结构，从而使文章的辩论和推理条理清晰，富有说服力：Some people say that they will not give up smoking because the