新目标八年级英语上册1-6知识点汇总.doc

第一单元单元目标：1、掌握词汇的基本用法；2、运用how often 谈论频率；3、复习一般现在时态。 词汇：1.how often 多久一次 常用来对以下状语提问：always, usually, often ,sometimes, hardly ever ,never, every day ,once a week, twice a month等。另外：how many, how much, how old , how 等。2.exercise v.锻炼 运动 take exercise (n.)=exercise (v.) 进行锻炼n.体操，练习，（常用复数形式）短语：做早操do morning exercises , 做眼保健操 do eye exercises,做功课 do ones exercises.3. skateboard v. 踩滑板 eg: go skateboarding 去踩滑板4.hardly adv. 几乎不， 几乎没有（表示否定意义，常与 can, could 连用） hard adv. 艰苦地， 努力地 eg: She often works/studies hard. hardly ever 很少 ，难得 5.shop n.商店=store eg: go to the shop 到商店去，去商店买东西 v. 购物（可单独作谓语）其现在分词shopping, 过去式shopped do the shopping ,do some shopping (买东西) go shopping 去买东西6.once adv.一次，(= one time) 从前，( 用于过去时态) ，曾经 twice adv.两次 (= two times) 注意：three times 三次 ，four times 四次， once or twice 一两次， 7.time “次数”: 是可数名词, “时间”: 是不可数名词 eg: what time 几点钟8.surf v.冲浪 go surfing 去冲浪 surf the Internet 网上冲浪9. most adj. 大多数的 ， 大部分的 most + cn.(pl)/un.大多数的 most of the + n 中大多数的 最多的 ，最高程度的 the most +n 10. result n. 结果，成果 the result of 的结果 ， as a result 结果（作插入语）11 as for +n / 代词的宾格 ：至于， 关于12.active adj. 活跃的， 积极的 eg: an active boy 一个积极的男孩13.junk un. 废旧物品 ，垃圾 eg: junk food =unhealthy food 垃圾食品 不健康的食品 14.drink v. 喝 drinking（现在分词）, drank （过去式） un. 饮料 . cn. 一杯饮料 一种饮料 15health un.健康 in good health 处于健康的状态 adj. healthy 健康的 unhealthy不健康的 eg: sb be/keep in good health =sb be/keep healthy. 某人是健康的 Sb be/keep unhealthy .=sb be/keep in bad health.某人身体不好。16habit n. 习惯 eating habits 饮食习惯17. try v. try tried（过去式）, trying （现在分词） try to do sth 努力干某事 注意：try sth on 试穿（衣服，鞋，帽）, try out 试验 , n. 尝试 have a try 试一试18. of course : sure 当然19.look after sb/ sth = take care of sb /sth 照顾某人或某物 l20.lifestyle n. 生活习惯 healthy lifestyle 健康的生活习惯21.grade n. 分数， 成绩 get good grades 取得好成绩 n. 年级 eg: Grade 8 八年级22. different adj. 不同的，注意： be different from 与不同 cn. difference 区别， 不同点 23. maybe adv. 或许，大概 ，常位于句子开头， 表示不完全肯定的推测.24. although = though 连词，连接两个句子，意为“虽然但是”,不能与but 连用，但可以相互转化。 25. for prep. 达到，估计. for + 一段时间 . 常用于 do sth for +一段时间,表示做某事花费多长时间。26.a lot of +cn(pl) =many +cn(pl) eg: Thank you very much .=Thanks a lot .27. keep v.保持 keeping（现在分词） kept（过去式） keep+adj/doing/介词短语 eg: keep healthy = keep in good health.保持健康28. must 情态动词 必须， 一定 must +do29.Its good for my health. 它对我的健康有好处。 Be good for sb/sth.对。有好处。 Be bad for sb/sth.对。有坏处 注意： be good at sth /doing sth .擅长于。 be good with sb. 与。相处融洽 Be good to sb .= be kind to sb. 对。友好。句型：1、-What do you /they usually do on weekends? -I/We/They usually go to the movies.2、-What does he /she usually do ? - He /She usually goes to the movies.3、-How often do you /they go to the movies?-I/We/They go to the movies once a week.4、- How often does he /she go to the movies?- He /She hardly ever goes to the movies.5. Most students exercise three or four times a week.大多数 学生一周锻炼三四次6. Some students are very active and exercise every day.部分学生很活跃，每天都锻炼。7.No students do homework once or twice a week .没有学生一周做一两次作业。8. What can you do to improve your English?你可以做什么来提高你的英语？9She says its good for our health.10. How many hours do you sleep every night? How many +cn(pl) how much + un1.I try to eat a lot of vegetables.我尽量吃许多蔬菜。2.I sleep (for) nine hours every night .每天晚上睡八个小时。3. I look after my health.我呵护着我的健康。4. My healthy lifestyle helps me get good grades.我的健康的生活方式有助于我取得好成绩。5. Good food and exercise help me to study better.良好的食品和运动有助于我更好地学习。6.Do you think she has a healthy lifestyle? 你认为他有健康的生活方式吗？7. Is her lifestyle the same as yours or different?她的生活方式与你的相同还是不同？8. What are the differences ?不同点是什么？9. So maybe Im not very healthy, although I have one healthy habit. 10. What sport do you play?你做什么运动？第二单元单元目标：1.学会使用教材词汇表中的黑体单词。2.学会使用SectionA-B中的词汇描述健康状况和提出合理的建议。3.学会就健康问题展开讨论并用You should 的句型提出解决方法。4.能以书信的形式针对某种健康情况提出建议。 1.matter n 事情 问题 差错a lot of matters许多事It doesnt matter. 没关系。Whats the matter/ trouble with you? Whats wrong with you ? 你怎么了？Whats your trouble ?Is there anything with you ? Whats wrong with something? 某物出了什么故障？ -Whats wrong with your watch? - It doesnt work. 你的表出了什么毛病？ 坏了。2. have a cold 患感冒 have a bad cold 患重感冒 3. stomachache 胃痛，腹痛，肚子痛 have a stomachache 胃痛= have a pain in the stomach 4. sore adj 疼痛的，酸痛的 throat 喉咙 烟喉 have a sore throat 烟喉痛 Theres something wrong with my throat.我烟喉有毛病。 I have a sore throat. I have a pain in the throat. 5. have a sore back = have a pain in the back 背痛 6 have a toothache 牙痛 see a dentist 看牙医7fever adj 发烧， have a fever 发烧，have a high fever 高烧8. rest n /v休息 rest have a rest 休息一会儿 have a good rest 好好休息9.Lie down 躺下，过去式lay 现在分词:lying10honey n 蜂蜜 tea with honey 加蜂蜜的茶 with 带有 具有11.ago以前, 段时间 + ago 要用一般过去时态, eg.I saw him three days ago 12medicine 药, take some medicine 吃药, take this medicine 吃这药 13.so如此，这样 I think so. I dont think so.我认为不是这样。 I am afraid so. I am afraid not.我恐怕不I hope so. I hope not. I believe so. I dont believe so. /I believe not.14.illness n 疾病 身体不适 ill adj 病的 （1）Taking this medicine twice a day after meals is good for your illness.饭后一天吃两次这副药对你的疾病有益。（2）-Im feeling very ill. Youd better see a doctor.15.adivce建议give sb. some advice给某人提些建议give sb. some advice on给某人提某一方面的建议He had a bad cold . Could you give him some advice?他患了严重的感冒 你能给他提些建议吗？（2）My dentist gave me some advice on my teeth .我的牙医给了提了关于牙齿方面的建议。16.thirsty adj 口渴的，feel/be thirsty (感觉)口渴， 17stress v 加压力于 ，便紧张 * be/get stressed out 有压力的,紧张的,有压力18.problem n 问题 ,令人困惑的事情 * no problem 没问题 -Can you go to the movies with me mow?- No problem.19.traditional adj 传统的 tradition n. 传统 traditional Chinese medicine .传统的中医。20believe vt 相信 认为thinkbelieve + that + 宾语从句.* I dont believe that + 宾语从句。我认为、不。I believe so. I dont believe so. /I believe not.21. balance n平衡keep the balance of the nature 保持自然平衡a balanced diet 均衡的饮食22.weak adj 虚弱的. strong 强壮的feel weak 感觉不舒服, be weak in = be not good at / not do well in 在、差23.angry adj 愤怒的，生气的 be / get / become angry 生气be angry with sb. 生某人的气，be angry at sth. 对某事生气。adv.angrily 生气地, He said angrily , Im angry with you .24west n 西部 西方 western adj 西方的，来自西方的in the west of China. in western China 中国的西部。in many western countries.在西方许多国家25few很少 ,几乎没有, a few 几个, 一些 . little 很少,没有 a little一点儿few , a few 修饰可数名词，few 表示否定. a few 表示肯定little , a little 修饰不可数名词。little 表示否定, a little 表示肯定26. stay v stay + adj stay at home 呆在家里 27.important adj.n.importance 重要性28.at the moment now right now 此刻，现在29until= till conj 直到、时为止， 在、之前 not until 直到才否定句，句子结构是：否定句+ until + 从句/ 时间状语。I didnt go out to play football until I finished my homework.我做完作业才出去踢足球。30. hear vt 听见，听说， hear sb. do sth .听见某人做了某事（动作的全过程） hear sb. doing sth. 听见某人正在做某事句型： 书上Grammar focus 3a第三单元单元目标：掌握词汇的基本用法；用现在进行时表将来时；复习现在进行时。词汇目标：1.babysit =look after=take care of(1)v. 临时照顾 babysits babysitting babysat(2)n. babysitter 保姆2.camp (1)n. 野营，营地(2)v.露营，宿营，安营扎寨go camping 去野营3.plan n.(cn.) 计划，策略，方案 plan to do sth.计划做某事4.away adv. 离开，向远处be away from 远离take away 拿走；put away 把某物收起来；run away 跑开；go away 离开；right away 立刻，马上5.send v.发射，邮寄，send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb. 把某物寄给某人be/come/get back回来;返回 =return,get back/return to +n. 回到 eg: get back to my hometown 返回到我的故乡6. give sth. back to sb.=return sth.to sb.把某物归还给某人7.on,in,at 在表示时间时的区别（1）in表示在某年、某季节、某月、某周或某天的某段时间。eg: in a year, in spring, in September, in the morning/afternoon/evening (2) on 特指在某一天或某一天的上午、下午或晚上。 eg:on Monday, on Sunday afternoon, on July1,1999.on a cold afternoon（3）at 用来表示在某一具体时刻（即几点几分）。 eg: at 5:30 at noon对in + 段时间提问,用how soon.多久以后He will go to see you in a week.他将在一周后去看望你。8.ride (1)v. eg: ride a horse/bike/motor-bike (2)n.乘骑；搭乘 five minutes ride 9.rent v.租用，出租rent sth. from sb.从某人出借某物;rent sth.to sb. 把某物借给某人10.famous adj.=well-know著名的，出名的be famous for以因而闻名be famous as 作为而闻名11.urope n.欧洲 adj./n. European 欧洲的/欧洲人eg:a European 一个欧洲人 a European country 12.something pron.某物，某事eg: Theres something in his pocket.在他的口袋里有样东西。(1)something代表不具体的事物，是不定代词，类似的还有anything,nothing,everything,somebody,anybody,nobody,everybody,someone,anyone等，要注意这类词的定语无论是单一的形容词还是其他短语，都要后置。eg:something new/different 新东西/不同的东西 Would you like something to drink? 来些喝的怎样？(1)这类不定代词作主语时，谓语动词要用单数Nothing else is more important than health. 6.nature n. 13.forget v.忘记 forgets forgetting forgot 反 rememberforget to do sth. 忘记要干某事（事情没有做）forget doing sth. 忘记做了某事（事情已经做了）14.finish v.完成 finishes finishing finished finish sth./doing sth. 完成（做）某事eg:He finished his homework.=He finished doing his homework.他完成了作业。15.decide v.decides deciding decided decide to do sth.决定做某事 decide on sth.对作出决定eg:I decided on Xian./I decided to go to Xian.我决定去西安。16.leave v.离开leaves leaving left leave for 离开某地去某地leave for = go to 前往某地17.go bike riding 骑自行车旅行，其结构是go+ v.-ing形式。go shopping go fishing go surfing18.take walks = have/take a walk 散步 take a vacation = have/spend a vacation 19.think about + n./代词/v-ing/从句20. 1.else与other同义，意思是“其他的，别的，但用法不同。”else常用来修饰不定代词、副词或疑问词，而且要放在所修饰词的后面。Do you have anything else to tell me ? 你还有别的事要告诉我吗？other用来修饰名词，而且一般要放在所修饰词的前面。English is very useful in many other countries.英语在其他的许多国家都很有用。21. question 与problem 两者都可作“问题”讲，question的、需要得到解答或解释的问题；problem的、等待解决的问题，着重指难的问题或有关运算的问题。有时两者可以互换。解答问题answer the question 解决问题solve/decide the problem22. Whats it like there? /What do you think ?/How do you like ?/How is ?那儿怎么样啊？ What be like ?是说话人询问对方有关人或事物的评价或感想23. tourist n.游客，旅行者 tourists(pl.)tour v./n. 观光，旅行Italy n.意大利 Italian意大利的/意大利人24. take with sb.随身带着eg: Dont forget to take your dictionary with you.别忘了随身带着你的字典。句型：1.What are you going for vacation?你打算假期干什么？本句形式上是现在进行时，但在此处用来询问对方打算或计划将要做什么，表示“将要”的意思，相当于will do/be going to do sth.。2.Have a good time!=Have a nice/great/wonderful time.=Enjoy oneself!=Have fun!这是一个表祝愿的句子，常用于当得知对方要去外出旅游、参加晚会、观看演出等活动时，向其表示祝愿，相当于-I hope you have a nice /good time.-Thank you!3.How long are you staying? 你将（在那里）呆多久？（1）这是一个由引导的特殊疑问句，how long所问的是时间段，how long意为“多久，多长时间”,句中谓语动词须是延续性行为动词，如work, study, live, play等。对for +时间段提问用how long(2)how long 还可以被用来提问物体的长度。eg: How long is the Yellow River? 尼罗河有多长？4.用现在进行时表示将来时的用法：1.当一个句子的意思涉及一个计划好的事件或者明确的意图时，用现在进行时可以表示将来。现在进行时的将来意义可通过时间状语或者通过上下文暗示出来。 现在进行时表将来时常有“意图”，“安排”（但不是固定不变的）或“打算”的含义。这种用法比较生动，给人一种期待感，它常表示最近或较近的将来。 eg: Sam has already made his plans. He is leaving at noon tomorrow.5.Can I ask you a few questions about your vacation plans?我能问几个有关你的假期计划的问题吗？本句式用于向对方发出请求，为了使语气更加委婉，也可用could来代替can，其答语多是Certainly/Of course.6.I heard that Canada is beautiful, and I know there are many people there who speak French.我听说加拿大很美，而且我知道那里有许多人讲法语。这是一个由并列连词连接的并列复合句。在前一个并列分句中，heard后为连词that引导的宾语从句，that只起引导从句的作用，在从句中部作任何成分；在后一个并列分句中，谓语动词know后也是一个宾语从句，省略了引导词that。改宾语从句是“There be”句型。第四单元单元目标：1、掌握本单元的新单词。2、 复习一般现在时态。 3、 掌握交通方式的表达方法。 4、 掌握有关how, how long ,how far等的用法。 5、 初步掌握定语从句和宾语从句。词汇目标： 1.subway n. take a subway 乘地铁train n. take a train 乘火车2.twenty, thirty, forty , fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety , hundred 等一系列数字。 hundred n. eg: 数字+ hundred +( n.(pl) minute n. 分钟 hour 小时 second 秒3.take v. 搭乘（某种交通工具）take a taxi 打出租车拿，取 ,带走take sth to sb/sp, take sb to sp 花费时间 It takes sb st to do sth.某人做某事花了多长时间。吃，喝 =have, have/take a quick breakfast买 =buy, get ,eg: This pair of shoes is very nice, Ill take it.固定短语：take exercise运动，锻炼； take off 脱掉， （飞机）起飞 ； take a look （at ）看一看；take photos 照相， 拍照；take a seat 坐下 ；take a walk 散步 ；take a rest 休息； take down 取下；take away 拿走；take out of从中拿出 4.by prep.搭，乘 by+交通工具 eg: by bus 乘公共汽车5.get to school ,get here , get there, get home walk to school =go/come/get to school on foot ride a bike to school = go/come/get to school by bike = go/come/get to school on a biketake a train to school = go/come/get to school by train= go/come/get to school on/in a traintake a subway to school= go/come/get to school by subway= go/come/get to school in/on a subwaytake a bus to school = go/come/get to school by bus =go/come/get to school on/in a bustake a taxi to school = go/come/get to school by taxi= go/come/get to school in a taxidrive a car to school = go/come/get to school by car =go/come/get to school in a carfly to school = go/come/get to school by plane/air =go/come/get to school in/on a plane6.how long 多长时间 , 对“for+一段时间”提问。7花费： It takes sb st to do sth.某人做某事花了多长时间sb spend sm/st (in) doing sth.某人做某事花了多少钱或时间on sth某人在某物、事上花了多少钱或时间 sb pay sm for sth 某人买某物花了多少钱sb pay sb sm = sb pay sm to sb 某人付给某人多少钱 sth cost sb sm某物花费某人多少钱，sth cost sm 某物价值多少钱8.到达某地：get to sp 注意: sp为地点副词时，to 要省略。Eg : get here ,get there, get homearrive in+大地点 arrive at +小地点 ，当不强调到达地点时，用arrive .eg:I dont know when he is arriving.reach +sp ,sp 只能为名词，但可以用reach home9. far adj.远 how far 多远， 对距离和路程提问shower v.& n. 淋浴eg: take a shower 10.leave for school 前往学校，leave A for B 离开A地去B地11. from to 从到11. bus station ,bus stop 公共汽车站v. 停止 stop - stopping- stopped eg:stop to do sth 停下来去做某事stop doing sth停止做某事12.part n.部分，地区, take part in 参加 ,in the north part of China 中国的北部 north n. 北方 south n.南方 west n.西方 east n.东方eg: North America 北美13.depend on +n. / doing /代词宾格river n. 河流 by river = by boat 乘船14.boat n.小船take a boat to sp =go to sp by boat /by river / on a boat坐小船去某地 v.划船,go boating15.means of transportation 交通方式，means 是单数词16. around the world = all over the world 全世界17. a small number of +cn.(pl) 少数的a number of +cn.(pl)+谓语用复数，表示“许多，大量的”； the number of +cn.(pl)+ 谓语用单数，表示“的数量”。19.how far 就距离提问how long 对时间段提问或物体的长度提问how 对程度、方式提问how old 对年龄提问 how many +cn.(pl) 对可数名词的数量提问how much +un. 对不可数名词的数量提问20. townn.城镇go to town进城，到镇上去come to town到城里来 in town在镇上,out of town 在城外.21.worry v. 担心，焦虑, worried adj.焦虑的，担心的, worrying adj.令人担心的，令人焦虑的worry about =be worried about 对担心， 22.so adv. 如此,这么so many +cn.(pl) ,so much +un. 这么多的. so + adj/adv. +that +句子如此以至于23.think of 认为 ， think about考虑on/ at the weekend 在周末sb be ill in hospital 某人生病住院24.Look at = take/ have a look at 看一看Let sb do sth 让某人做某事句型：1.How does he get to school ?How long does it take ?1.-How do you get to school? - get to school by bike./I get to school on my bike./I ride my bike to school.3.-How long does it take ?要花多长时间？ - I t takes about ten minutes.要花十分钟。4.In China , it depends on where you are.在中国，它取决于你在的位置。5.And in places where there are rivers and lakes ， 在有河流和琥珀的地方，6.That must be a lot more fun than taking a bus 那一定比乘公共汽车有趣得多。7.In North America , not all students take the bus to school.在北美并不是所有学生都乘公共汽车上学8.-How far do you live from school? 你住的地方离学校有多远？- I live 10 miles from school.我住在离学校十英里的地方。9.What do you think of the transportation in your town?=How do you like the transportation in your town?你认为你们镇上的交通怎么样？10.When it rains, I take a taxi.下雨的时候 ，我搭出租车。11.Can I help you?=May I help you? =What can I do for you?注意：根据答语来选择适当的句子。12If you have a problem, you can ask a policeman.如果你有困难，你可以问警察。第五单元1. who做主语/宾语,whom做宾语，介词后的宾语只能用whomWho are you ? (做主语)Who / Whom are you going with ? (做宾语)With whom are they going? (介词后的宾语)2. the other（特指两者中）另一个. another(泛指两者以上) 另一个 one .,the other一个,另一个 one .,the others一个,余下的 some,some,others一些, 一些, 余下的eg. I have two sisters . One is 12 , the other is 10 .This one is good .Would you like another one ?3. have to 与情态动词的区别:情态动词不能单独作谓语，后面必须接动词原形一起构成谓语，have to 也是这样。情态动词没有人称和数的变化，而且所用的时态也受到一定的限制，但是have to 有人称和数的变化，可用于多种时态中，在一般现在时中，当主语是第三人称单数时，要用has to, 其余人称用have to；一般过去时中用had to；一般将来时中用will have to, 例如：She has to go to school by bus.她不得不乘公共汽车去上学。If you get ill, youll have to see the doctor.如果你生病的话，你就得看医生。4. invite v.n.vitation邀请。Thanks for asking /inviting me =Thanks for your invitation.谢谢你的邀请。5. train （n.）火车，（v.）训练 ,have tennis training 进行网球训6. whole “整个的”，用在冠词后，all用在冠词前， the whole day / all day/ all the day一整天7. come to the party 来（参加）聚会 on Saturday afternoon 在星期六下午8. How / What about you? 你怎样？ study for the chemistry test 为化学考试而学习9. have a (piano) lesson 上钢琴课 . visit / see sb. 拜访某人 have to do sth. 不得不做某事10. go to the doctor 去看医生 help my mom with housework 帮妈妈做家务11. go to the movies 去看电影go to the concert 去（看）音乐会12. go to the baseball match /game 去（看）棒球赛13. go to the mall 去商业街too much homework 太多作业another time 下次14. Thanks for asking /inviting me =Thanks for your invitation.谢谢（你的）邀请。15 have fun/have a good time 玩得开心点. be free = have time 空闲的16the day after tomorrow 后天ea4. the day before yesterday 前天17.call/telephone /ring sb. /ring sb. up /give sb a call打电话给某人18. keep/be quiet 保持安静 finish the geography project 完成地理课题/作业19. watch the football math 观看足球赛 go to the culture club 去文化俱乐部20. come over to my house 顺道来我家discuss the science report 谈论科学报告21. till = until conj 直到.时为止， 在.之前not until 直到才否定句， 句子结构是：否定句+ until + 从句/ 时间状语。Ill stay in Shanghai until next week. 我将在上海呆在下周。I didnt go out to play football until (=before) I finished my homework.我做完作业才出去踢足球。= I went out to play football after I finished my ho