新8年级下册Module 1.docx

Module 1Unit 11. What a delicious smell! 好香的味道啊！本句是一个感叹句。由what引导的感叹句的句型结构为：-What+ a/an+形容词+可数名词单数（+主语+谓语）！What a hot day (it is)! -What+形容词+不可数名词/可数名词复数（+主语+谓语）！what nice pictures (they are)!-How也可以用来引导感叹句，但后面所修饰的中心词为形容词或副词，其句型结构是-How+形容词/副词(+主语+谓语)！How delicious the cakes are! / How beautiful!smell此处用作可数名词，意为“气味”【smell也可以用作连系动词，意为 “闻起来”。其后常跟形容词作表语。The fish smells bad.】2. Your pizza looks so nice.【looks是动词look的第三人称单数形式。look此处用作连系动词，意为“看起来”，后面通常接形容词作表语。】3. Would you like to try some? 你想尝一尝吗？【would like后常接名词或动词不定式作宾语，不接动名词做宾语。 would like 无人称和数变化，变一般疑问句时，只把would提前即可】would like sth.想要某事Id like a bottle of water.would like to do sth.想要某事Wed like to go to the zoo.would like sb. to do sth.想要某人做某事Id like you to help me.try此处用作及物动词， “尝试；试图”。try to do sth. 意为“尽力做某事”；try doing sth.“试着做某事”。4. it tastes good. 尝起来很好吃。taste此处用作连系动词，意为“尝起来”，后常跟形容词或介词或介词短语作表语。【taste做名词，意为“味道”；Sugar has a sweet taste.糖有甜味。taste作及物动词，意为“品尝”，其后可以直接跟宾语；May I taste it?我可以尝一尝它吗？】5. top顶部；bottom底部6. Im afraid I dont like cheese.【Im afraid意为“恐怕”，后接句子，常用于表示邻人不快或难以实现的事。Im afraid its going to rain.】 7. It smells too strong and it tastes a bit sour.【a bit意为“有点儿；稍微”。该短语常用来修饰形容词、副词等；a bit 还能修饰比较级。】-a bit和a little在肯定句中修饰形容词、副词院原级及比较级时，可以互换，意为 “一点”. I feel a bit /a little thirsty.-a little后直接跟名词，而a bit则要在后面加of后才能跟名词；二者都只能修饰不可数名词。There is only a little/ a bit of food left for lunch.8. Have a try!尝一尝！9. They taste really sweet and they feel soft in the middle.【feel此处用作连系动词，意为“摸起来；感觉”，其后通常接形容词作表语。 Silk feels soft and smooth.】10. Theres some pizza and some cookies有一些比萨饼和小甜饼本句为there be句型。there be表示“有”,指 “某处存在某人或某物”。be的单复数取决于后面作主语的名词，如果主语是单数名词或不可数名词，用is或was;如果主语是复数名词，用are或were. There is a pen and two pencils on the desk. There are two pencils and a pen on the desk.【there be后面跟一系列名词时，be要和最近的名词在数上保持一致，即遵照“就近原则”。】11. Im making an apple pie and a cake.【此处cake为整个蛋糕，为个数，故可数名词。】12. Apple pie sounds nice.【sounds是动词sound的第三人称单数形式。sound此处用作连系动词，意为“听起来”。Sound后通常接形容词作表语。 That sounds very interesting.】13. I have a sweet tooth. 我喜欢甜食。14. Shall I get the sugar?我来(给你)拿糖吧？“Shall I？”句型常用于表示某人主动提出做某事，尤其是主动提出帮助。肯定回答常用“Yes, please.”，否定回答常用 “No，thanks.” “Shall we?”意为 “我们好吗？”，表示征求他人意见、请求他人允许或向他人提出建议。Shall we go to the movies?15. It might be salt! 那可能是盐！【might情态动词，在此表示推测，意为“可能”，语气较弱。It might be windy this afternoon.】表推测的情态动词常用的有must, can/could, may/might等。它们用在句中表推测时，没有时态的区别，只有语气强弱之别，即could, might在表示推测时不表示过去时态，其推测的程度不如can, may强。表示肯定推测时，这几个情态动词must, can/could, may/might都可以使用，其中must的把握性最大，意为“一定；肯定”；can表示 “很可能”；could意为“可能”；may表示“也许；可能”；might的语气最弱，表示 “或许；大概”。He must be at home. 他肯定在家。(非常可能)He can be at home. 他很可能在家。(很可能)He could be at home. 他可能在家。(可能)He may be at home. 他可能在家。(仅仅可能)He might be at home. 他或许在家。(或许)16. strawberry jam草莓酱 【拓展：traffic jam交通阻塞】17. Its my lucky day! 今天是我的幸运日！lucky形容词，意为“幸运的”，在句中可以作表语或定语。Im lucky to have a friend like you. Youre a lucky dog.-lucky的名词形式为luck,意为“运气”。Good luck to you!-lucky 的副词形式为luckily,意为“幸运地”。 Luckily, I found my bag.Unit 218. Thanks for your last message. 【thanks for意为“因而感谢你”，相当于thank you for.;Thank you/Thanks for helping me with my homework.】message可数名词，意为“电子邮件；口信；信息”。Could you give a message to Tom, please? Take a message 捎个口信 leave a message 留信 get the message 懂得；明白【message是可数名词，意为“信息；信”，而information是不可数名词，意为“信息”；news是不可数名词，意为“消息”。】19. It was great to hear from you. 收到你的电子邮件真是太好了【本句为It+be+形容词(+for sb. )+to do sth.”句型，意为“做某事(对于某人来说)是的”。其中it是形式主语，没有实际意义，真正的主语是后面的动词不定式(短语)。句中的sb.与动词不定式to do之间存在主谓关系。 Its very important for us to learn English.】hear from 意为 “收到来信”,相当于get/receive a letter from.20. I cant wait to meet you.我迫不及待地想见到你。Cant wait to do sth.意为“迫不及待地做某事”。有wait构成的短语：cant wait 意为“不能等了”，可以单独使用；We cant wait another time. Wait for 等候；等待；We are waiting for a bus. Wait to do sth. 等着做某事； Are you waiting to use the phone.21. I hope you will know me from my photo when I arrive at the airport. 【arrive不及物动词，意为“到达”。后接地点名词时，arrive后应加介词at(用于较小的场所，如车站、家等)或in(用于较大的地方，如国家，城市等)】 22. Im quite tall, with short fair hair, and I wear glasses.【quite副词，意为“十分；相当”，可修饰形容词、副词或动词。】quitequite +a(n)+形容词+名词quite a nice boy 修饰动词时放在动词之前He quite likes maths.verya+very+形容词+名词A very nice boyvery与much合在一起修饰动词，且一般位于句末He likes maths very much.-wear及物动词，意为“穿着；戴着”，表示状态，宾语可以是衣帽，也可以是饰物、奖章等。-in作为介词，后接表示衣物或颜色的词，着重于服饰的款式或颜色。它构成的短语只能作表语或定语。The boy in blue is my younger brother.-put on意为“穿上；戴上”，强调“穿戴”的动作，后接衣服、鞋帽等。Put on your coat if you are going out.-dress的宾语通常是人，意为“给穿衣服”。dress oneself或get dressed表示给自己穿衣服。My son is now able to dress myself.“穿”的动作和状态：动作Hes getting dressed. Hes putting on his coat. 状态Hes dressed in black. Hes wearing the black coat.23. You look very pretty. 你看上去很漂亮。【The pretty girl is pretty ill. 这位漂亮的姑娘病的很厉害。】24. each other互相，彼此25. I spend a lot of time playing classical music with my friends at school.spend主语通常是人spendon sth.spend(in) doing sth.指花费时间金钱pay主语通常是人pay for sth.pay sb. for sth指为某物支付金钱take主语通常是itIt take sb. some time to do sth.指花费时间cost主语通常是物sth. cost( sb.) some money指花费金钱26. I enjoy sports as well, especially tennis.【enjoy oneself意为“过的愉快”，相当于have a good time.】as well肯定句句末，前面不加逗号I can swim too/as well.too肯定句或一般疑问句句末，前面通常加逗号also肯定句句中，助/情态动词/连系动词be之后，实义动词之前He also wants to go.either否定句句末，前面通常加逗号He doesnt want to go, either.27. Im very proud of him!【proud adj. 意为“自豪的；骄傲的”。be proud of 意为“为而骄傲/自豪”。】proud的名词形式为pride,意为“自豪；骄傲”，常用于短语take pride in中，表示“为感到自豪”。We take pride in our great motherland.28. Hes good at everything, but Im not. 【be good at 表示“擅长；在方面做得好”，at后跟名词或代词，若跟动词时，需用动名词。be good at相当于do well in，但后面更强调一次性做得好。You did well in the English exam. He is good at swimming.= He does well in swimming.】-be good at意为 “对好心的”，与be friendly to意思相同。Our teacher is good to us. We all like him.-be good for意为“对有益”，其反义短语为be bad for(对有害)。Drinking milk is good for your health.29. get bad marks 得了不好的成绩/ get good marks30. How do you feel about coming?【about介词后接动名词】31. Well, I often feel a bit sad at first when I leave my mum and dad for a few days【a few意为“一些；几个”，用于可数名词复数前，相当于several或some，表示肯定概念。】修饰可数名词复数修饰不可数名词否定(几乎没有；少)fewlittle肯定(有些；有几个)a fewa little32. I feel nervous when I speak Chinese, but Ill be fine in a few days.【in a few days意为“几天之后”。“in+一段时间”常用于一般将来时态的句子中，表示“在之后”。对“in+一段时间”提问时用how soon. How soon will you finish reading the book? In ten minutes.】33. Im always sorry when I dont know how to do things in the right way.【how to do things是“疑问词+动词不定式(短语)”结构，意为“如何做事”，在句中作动词know的宾语。疑问代词或副词what, who, which, when, how等后面可接动词不定式(短语)，在句中作动词know, tell, teach等的宾语。 I dont know what to do next.】34. Im afraid of flying. 我害怕坐飞机。be afraid of doing sth.担心(或害怕)出现某后果be afraid to do sth.因害怕发生不良后果而不敢做某事Mr. Black was afraid to climb the tree, for he was afraid of falling down from it.35. But I cant tell you how excited I am about going to China.【be/get excited about意为“对感到兴奋”。 She was really excited about going to Beijing.】excited感到兴奋的、激动的表示人的心理感受作表语时，其主语一般是人exciting令人兴奋的表示某事(物)给人的感觉作表语时，其主语一般是物Were excited about the exciting news.36. She asked me to help her with her English homework because I am good at English.-ask sb. to do sth. 意为“要求某人做某事”. 动词不定式(短语)作宾语补足语。Mr. Li asked us to protect animals in danger. 类似ask这种用法的动词还有tell, want, invite, teach, allow, order等。ask/tell sb. not to do sth.意为“要求/告诉某人不要做某事”。-help sb. with sth.意为“在某方面帮助某人”；help sb.(to) do sth. 意为“帮助某人做某事”。I often help him with his maths.= I often help him（to）learn maths.Unit 337. What does your mum look like? 【What does sb./ sth. look like?意为“某人/物是什么样子？”一般用于询问某人/某物的外貌或外部特征。 What does Mary look like? She is tall and thin.】Whats sb./sth. like? 通常询问某人/某物性格或特征。 Whats Tom like? Hes very shy.make a cake for me【双宾动词+间宾+直宾=双宾动词+直宾+for间宾。这类动词有：cook, get, make, buy, do, play, order, sing, pay, prepare. -He bought her a novel. = He bought a novel for her. 】38. And another good thing is, my friend Ben is coming to say. -another也可以作代词，意为“另一个；有一个”。I dont like this sweater. Please show me another.-is coming构成现在进行时，在此表示“将要来”。在英语中，表示位置移动的动词，如go, come, leave和arrive等，其现在进行时通常表示想来的含义。39. Americans usually shake hands with each other when they first meet.【shake hands意为“握手”。shake hands with意为“与握手”】40. They do not stand too close to each other.【close此处用作副词，意为“靠近；接近；紧挨着”】-close用作形容词，意为“密切的；亲密的”。 we keep in close touch with the police.-close用作动词时，既可以作及物动词，有可以作不及物动词，意为“关；关闭；封闭”。同义词是shut，反义词是open. Close the win