转载：ABAP-ALV报表开发实例.docx

ABAP-ALV报表开发ALV相关概念ALV是系统的一种网格的显示方式,这种方式带有汇总排序筛选等功能,ALV格式的数据是以单元格为单位显示,不象一般的写屏方式拷出来或是导出成文件不同列的内容粘在一块,这种方式便于数据导出来放在电子表格里进行加工。ALV即能显示简单表单（SIMPLE LIST）又能显示有序表单（SEQUENTIAL LIST）：ALV实现方式：ALV 可以通过两种方式实现：Two ApproachesConventional (Using SAP Standard Function Modules).Object Oriented (Using SAP Standard Classes and Methods).以下我们要讲的为Function Modules方式。ALV实现流程：第一步：定义将要用到的表，即TALBES定义部分，然后定义TYPE-POOLS: SLIS.第二步：定义数据类型或者内表的实体对象.第三步：定义一些需要用到的变量.第四步：定义自己的选择屏幕.第五步：start-of-selection部分.1)用一个子函数完成对ALV表单标题区域的赋值(i_list_comments).2)用一个子函数完成自己所需要数据的抓取.3)用一个子函数完成要显示列表的列名行(第一行)的相关赋值(i_fieldcat_alv)以及设置.4)用一个子函数完成输出格式的设置(i_layout)，比如双击一条记录是否弹出对话框啊?是用哪个功能键触发等等.5)用一个子函数FORM DISPLAY_DATA来显示上面我们已经分别封装好的数据，需要调用两个常用的FUNCTION MODULE.下面根据一个普通的例子(purchase order)来具体解释各步骤：*第一步：TABLES:EKKO,EKPO,T001,LFA1.TYPE-POOLS SLIS.有时可以还要包含*第二步：TYPES : BEGIN OF TYP_PURORDER,TYPE OF Purchase Order InformationAEDATTYPE EKKO-AEDAT,Date on Which Record Was CreatedEBELNTYPE EKKO-EBELN,Purchasing Document NumberMATNRTYPE EKPO-MATNR,Material NumberTXZ01TYPE EKPO-TXZ01,MENGETYPE EKPO-MENGE,Purchase Order QuantityMEINSTYPE EKPO-MEINS,Purchase Order Unit of MeasureNETPRTYPE EKPO-NETPR,Net Price in Purchasing DocumentWAERSTYPE EKKO-WAERS,Currency KeyNETWRTYPE EKPO-NETWR,Net Order Value in PO CurrencyEND OF TYP_PURORDER.DATA: ST_PURORDER TYPE TYP_PURORDER,MAIN STRUCTERTD_PURORDER TYPE STANDARD TABLE OF TYP_PURORDER.MAIN TABLE*第三步：*-*COUNTER DEF*-*DATA: W_BUKRSTYPE T001-BUKRS,用于公司代码的检索W_LIFNRTYPE LFA1-LIFNR,用于购买者代码的检索W_DATUMTYPE EKKO-AEDAT,W_DATE(10) TYPE C.*-*FOR ALV DEF*-*DATA: ST_LAYOTYPE SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV,ALV LAYOUT STRTD_EVENTTYPE SLIS_T_EVENT,ALV EVENT TABST_EVENTTYPE SLIS_ALV_EVENT,ALV EVENT STRTD_COMMENTTYPE SLIS_T_LISTHEADER,SET HEADER TABST_COMMENTLIKE LINE OF TD_COMMENT,SET HEADER STRST_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_FIELDCAT_ALV,ALV FIELDCAT STRTD_FIELDCAT TYPE SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV,ALV FIELDCAT TABST_SORTTYPE SLIS_SORTINFO_ALV,ALV SORT STRTD_SORTTYPE SLIS_T_SORTINFO_ALV.ALV SORT TAB*1)SLIS_LAYOUT_ALV是一个类型，它用来定义ALV报表的整体属性例如：*ST_LAYO-ZEBRA = X.“显示成斑马纹样式*ST_LAYO-DETAIL_POPUP = X.“是否弹出详细信息窗口*ST_LAYO-F2CODE = &ETA. “设置触发弹出详细信息窗口的功能码，这里是双击*ST_LAYO-COLWIDTH_OPTIMIZE = X. “优化列宽选项是否设置*ST_LAYO-DETAIL_INITIAL_LINES= X.*ST_LAYO -no_vline = X.“这个用来设置列间隔线*ST_LAYO -detail_titlebar = 详细内容. “设置弹出窗口的标题栏*2)SLIS_T_EVENT是一个取得事件的内表，通过函数REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GET取得多个事件(包括操作页眉页脚的事件).*3)SLIS_T_LISTHEADER操作页眉页脚的内表.*4)SLIS_T_FIELDCAT_ALV操作ALV报表列的内表.*5)SLIS_T_SORTINFO_ALV对显示数据排序的内表。*第四步:*-*PARAMTER DEF（SELECT-OPTION etc.）*-*view or posting selection screenPARAMETERS:P_BUKRS TYPE T001-BUKRS DEFAULT TEXT-001 OBLIGATORY. Company CodePARAMETERS:P_LIFNR TYPE LFA1-LIFNR OBLIGATORY. Vendor CodeSELECT-OPTIONS: S_DATFORW_DATUM.PO Date*-*AT SELECTION-SCREEN*-*AT SELECTION-SCREEN.*Check Airline Carrier IDPERFORM PRM_CHECK_SCDATA.*第五步：START-OF-SELECTION.PERFORM PRM_GET_DATA.PERFORM FRM_SET_LAYOUT.PERFORM FRM_SET_EVENT.Set ALV EVENTPERFORM FRM_SET_FIELDCAT.Set ALV FIELDCAT 用来定义表单中的各个列的相关信息，比如列名等PERFORM FRM_SORT_TAB.PERFORM FRM_DISPLAY_ALV. OUT DATA FROM ALV判断录入参数的合法性FORM PRM_CHECK_SCDATA.SELECT SINGLE BUKRSFROM T001INTO W_BUKRSWHERE BUKRS = P_BUKRS.IF SY-SUBRC 0.MESSAGE E003 WITH P_BUKRS.LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING.ENDIF.SELECT SINGLE LIFNRFROM LFA1INTO W_LIFNRWHERE LIFNR = P_LIFNR.IF SY-SUBRC 0.MESSAGE E003 WITH P_LIFNR.LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING.ENDIF.ENDFORM.Set ALV LAYOUT 用于定义ALV表单的相关格式、属性FORM FRM_SET_LAYOUT .CLEAR ST_LAYO.ST_LAYO-ZEBRA= X.ST_LAYO-DETAIL_POPUP= X.ST_LAYO-F2CODE= &ETA.ST_LAYO-COLWIDTH_OPTIMIZE= X.ST_LAYO-DETAIL_INITIAL_LINES= X.ENDFORM. FRM_SET_LAYOUT取数据到内表中FORM PRM_GET_DATA.SELECTEKKOAEDATDate on Which Record Was CreatedEKKOEBELNPurchasing Document NumberEKPOMATNRMaterial NumberEKPOTXZ01EKPOMENGEPurchase Order QuantityEKPOMEINSPurchase Order Unit of MeasureEKPONETPRNet Price in Purchasing DocumentEKKOWAERSCurrency KeyEKPONETWRNet Order Value in PO CurrencyINTO TABLE TD_PURORDERFROM EKKO INNER JOIN EKPOON ( EKKOEBELN = EKPOEBELN )WHERE EKKOBUKRS = P_BUKRSAND EKKOLIFNR = P_LIFNRAND EKKOAEDAT IN S_DAT.IF SY-SUBRC 0.MESSAGE E002 .LEAVE LIST-PROCESSING.ENDIF.*SORT TD_PURORDER BY AEDAT EBELN MATNR.ENDFORM.GET_DATA取全部的事件，并且更改处理页眉页脚的事件的FORM的值FORM FRM_SET_EVENT .CALL FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_EVENTS_GETEXPORTINGI_LIST_TYPE= 0IMPORTINGET_EVENTS= TD_EVENTEXCEPTIONSLIST_TYPE_WRONG = 1OTHERS= 2.IF SY-SUBRC 0.MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNOWITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING.ENDIF.READ TABLE TD_EVENTWITH KEY NAME = SLIS_EV_END_OF_LISTINTO ST_EVENT.IF SY-SUBRC = 0.ST_EVENT-FORM = ALV_END_OF_LIST.将页尾子程名称赋值给 ST_EVENT-FORMMODIFY TD_EVENT FROM ST_EVENT INDEX SY-TABIX.ENDIF.READ TABLE TD_EVENTWITH KEY NAME = SLIS_EV_TOP_OF_PAGEINTO ST_EVENT.IF SY-SUBRC = 0.ST_EVENT-FORM = ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE.将页眉子程名称赋值给 ST_EVENT-FORMMODIFY TD_EVENT FROM ST_EVENT INDEX SY-TABIX.ENDIF.ENDFORM. FRM_SET_EVENT页眉处理子程FORM ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE .REFRESH TD_COMMENT.CLEAR ST_COMMENT.ST_COMMENT-TYP= H.H=Header, S=Selection, A=Action供选择ST_COMMENT-KEY= SPACE.ST_COMMENT-INFO = TEXT-024.APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.CLEAR ST_COMMENT.ST_COMMENT-TYP= A.ST_COMMENT-KEY= TEXT-020.ST_COMMENT-INFO = P_BUKRS.APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.CLEAR ST_COMMENT.ST_COMMENT-TYP= S.ST_COMMENT-KEY= TEXT-023.ST_COMMENT-INFO = P_LIFNR.APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.CALL FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITEEXPORTINGIT_LIST_COMMENTARY= TD_COMMENTI_LOGO= ENJOYSAP_LOGO. 输出图标IF SY-SUBRC 0.MESSAGE ID SY-MSGID TYPE SY-MSGTY NUMBER SY-MSGNOWITH SY-MSGV1 SY-MSGV2 SY-MSGV3 SY-MSGV4.LEAVE TO LIST-PROCESSING.ENDIF.ENDFORM. ALV_TOP_OF_PAGE页脚处理子程FORM ALV_END_OF_LIST .REFRESH TD_COMMENT.CLEAR ST_COMMENT.ST_COMMENT-TYP= S.ST_COMMENT-KEY= TEXT-022.ST_COMMENT-INFO = SY-UNAME.APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.CONCATENATE SY-DATUM+0(4)SY-DATUM+4(2)SY-DATUM+6(2)INTO W_DATESEPARATED BY /.时间字符串的连接CLEAR ST_COMMENT.ST_COMMENT-TYP= S.ST_COMMENT-KEY= TEXT-021.ST_COMMENT-INFO = W_DATE.APPEND ST_COMMENT TO TD_COMMENT.CALL FUNCTION REUSE_ALV_COMMENTARY_WRITEEXPORTINGIT_LIST_COMMENTARY= TD_COMMENTI_END_OF_LIST_GRID= X.ENDFORM.指定ALV报表列属性FORM FRM_SET_FIELDCAT .REFRESH TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 0.第一列ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-002.绑定的内表列名称*ST_FIELDCAT-ref_tabname= EKKO.录入时，帮助制作时指定表名称ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-002.录入时，帮助制作时指定表中参考列名称ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-003.* ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_L= zzz.M，L，S这三个给一个就行* ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_S= AAA.如果都给，它只用L中的值ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT= X.是否可编辑APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 1.ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-004.ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-004.ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-005.ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT= X.APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 2.ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-006.ST_FIELDCAT-ref_tabname= EKPO.ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-006.ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-007.ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT= SPACE.APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 3.ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-008.ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-008.ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-009.ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT= SPACE.APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 4.ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-010.ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-010.ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-011.ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT= SPACE.APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 5.ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-012.ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-013.ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-013.ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT= SPACE.APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 6.ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-014.ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-014.ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-015.ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT= SPACE.APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 7.ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-016.ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-016.ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-017.ST_FIELDCAT-EDIT= SPACE.APPEND ST_FIELDCAT TO TD_FIELDCAT.CLEAR ST_FIELDCAT.ST_FIELDCAT-COL_POS= 8.ST_FIELDCAT-FIELDNAME= TEXT-018.ST_FIELDCAT-REF_FIELDNAME = TEXT-018.ST_FIELDCAT-SELTEXT_M= TEXT-019.ST_F