初高中词汇复习技巧[1].doc

初高中词汇复习技巧词汇复习技巧u 记一个单词要做到联想，举一反三，即联想到拼写类似的单词，意义上的同义，反义词，使用句型结构一样的词。如拼写接近的词：inquire, require, acquire/ content, context, contract, contrast，u 具有相同搭配的词：accuse, assure, inform, rob, remind, warn( sb. of sth.)consider/look on/regard/think of/recognize sb. as，u 词义接近的词：blame, charge, accuse等等。u 掌握一定的惯用搭配，词与词搭配后产生的新意思是掌握词汇又一要点，只有熟记这些搭配才能灵活运用。这些搭配包括动词与名词、名词与介词、形容词与介词以及形容词修饰名词、副词修饰动词、形容词等搭配。如：“问路”，“ask the way”不能用“ask the road”“增加体重”“gain/put on weight”不能用“increase weight”，“迟到的借口”，“an excuse for coming late”，“对厌倦” “be tired of/ be bored with”，“喜欢”“be keen on,/be fond of”“观众多”，英语应说“large audience”但不用“many audience”。这些搭配可以说是成千上万，做有心人是最好的掌握词汇的途径。u 重点记忆一些短语动词是掌握英语词汇的又一重要方面，平时做题时，一定会遇到很多短语动词，应及时归纳在一起加以记忆，如：take in, take off, take on, take over, take up/ make for, make off, make out, make up, make up for/turn on, turn off, turn up, turn down, turn out, turn over/give away, give back, give in, give off, give out, give up 等等。u 按意思归纳，将表示同一意思的不同表达法归纳在一起，如：表示“代替”的意思的表达法归纳在一起，用“A”代替“B”的有：“substitute A for B”, “replace B with A”，“A”代替“B”的有：“A take the place of B”,“ A replace B”,“ A substitute for B”，两个介词：“instead of”,“ in place of”，“全神贯注”：concentrate(ones mind) on, focus(ones mind) on, fix ones mind on, put ones heart into, be absorbed in，“反对”：be against, be opposed to, oppose sth., object to, disagree with, disagree to, disapprove of“查字典”：look up the word in the dictionary, refer to the dictionary, turn to the dictionary, consult the dictionary, “竭尽全力做某事”：try/do ones best to do sth., make every effort to do sth., spare no effort to do sth., do all sb. can to do sth., do everything within ones power to do sth., go all out to do sth.“决不”： in no case, in/under no circumstances, in no way, on no account, on no condition 等等。 u 有的词应按他们在某些词组中的用法特征归纳，有些名词在一些词组中一定要用复数，如：offer sb. congratulations, living/working/housing conditions, take pains to do sth., be burnt to ashes, make preparations/arrangements for sth., in low/high spirits, meet ones needs, ones looks, good/bad manners, at customs, modern times, best wishes, many thanks等等。u 按词的搭配特征归纳，如：inform/assure/warn/remind sb. of sth./sb. that clause, be afraid/frightened/ashamed/aware/conscious/confident/sure/certain/proud of sth./that clauseu 有些动词作不及物动词时，后常接副词，表示主语内在特征，这类动词有：sell well/badly, write smoothly, wash well, wear well, smell well/badly, read well, cut easily/well, iron well, cook well等等。u 按使用的句型归纳：There is no/some/much chance/possibility/hope of doing/ that clause, there is no doubt that clause, there is no need to do sth.u 按构词法的特征归纳，大部分形容词后加-ly可构成副词，但elderly, friendly, deadly, lovely, lonely, likely, lively, ugly, brotherly, sisterly仍为形容词。daily, weekly, monthly, yearly, early既为形容词也为副词。u 归纳用法上和汉语文化有较大差异的词，如：occur(strike), available, (in)accessible, (in)visible, agree with, familiar 通过句子来学习词汇u Eg. We havent contacted each other since he left the organization but fortunately I could still recognize him in a quiz show on TV without hesitation. u 自从他离开这个机构后我们再也没有联系了，但幸运的是我仍可以毫不犹豫地在电视里认出他。u each other = one another 互相u The two sportsmen congratulated each other on winning the match by shaking hands.(SMET 2008，T25) 两位运动员握手，彼此互相祝贺对方赢得比赛。u Two kids played happily with each other all morning. 整个上午，两个孩子彼此玩得很开心。 u 练一练：u 1. 我们在困难的时候，应该互相帮助。 (each other)u 2. 音乐是一种人类互相了解的方式。 (each other)u recognize可以作动词，解释为“认出”。u 注意：know解释为“认识”。u I didnt recognize you in your uniform. (LDCE) 你穿着制服，我都认不出你了。u I recognized him as soon as he came in the room. (OALD) 他一进屋我就认出他了。u recognition 是recognize的名词形式，解释为“认知”。 u The town has changed beyond recognition since I was last here. (OALD)u 自从我上次来这之后，这座小镇变化得认不出了。u He looked at her without recognition for a few seconds. 他看了她几秒钟也没认出她是谁。u 练一练：u 3. 儿子变化很大，在国外的父亲都认不出了。 (recognize)u 4. 明星带太阳眼镜为了不被粉丝认出来。 (recognize)u do sth. without hesitation = have no hesitation in doing sth. 毫不犹豫做u He agreed without hesitation. (LDCE) 他毫不犹豫地就同意了。u I have no hesitation in recommending her for the job. (OALD) u 我毫不犹豫地推荐她担任这份工作。u hesitate作动词，解释为“犹豫”。 u hesitate to do sth. = hesitate about sth.u He didnt hesitate to help her once she was in trouble. 她一旦有困难，他会毫不犹豫地帮助她。u She stood there, hesitating over whether or not to tell him the truth. (OALD)u 她站在哪里，还在犹豫是否要告诉他真相。u 练一练：u 5. 一旦发现机会，就别犹豫。 (hesitate)u 6.你的弱点在于对许多事情犹豫不决，而你自己并不察觉。(hesitate)u To our surprise, though the result of the exam is surprising, the teacher was not surprised at it.u 使我们吃惊的是，尽管考试的结果令人吃惊，但是老师一点都不惊讶。u to ones (great) surprise解释为“使某人(大为)吃惊的”，其中surprise为名词，抽象名词，因此不可数 u To everyones surprise, he didnt die in the earthquake.u 使所有人吃惊的是，他在地震中活了下来。u The teacher punished the little boy by making him clean the classroom, to the students surprise.u be surprised at sth/ to do sth解释为“对于某事感到吃惊”，其中surprised是形容词，解释为“惊讶的，吃惊的”u The people at the party are surprised at his rude behaviour.u 参加聚会的人对他的粗鲁行为感到吃惊。u The people at the party are surprised to find the food is terrible.u 参加聚会的人对难吃的食物感到吃惊。u The surprised look on his face shows that he hadnt been told the news before.u 他惊讶的神情中表明他过去没有被告知这个消息。u surprising是形容词，解释为“令人吃惊的”，有使动的意思u The answer is surprising.u 答案令人吃惊。u The surprising result made us feel at loss.u 意外的结果使我们感到迷茫。u surprise是动词，解释为“使吃惊”，常用sth surprise sb, surprise也能做名词，解释为“惊讶，令人惊讶的人或事”，常用词组in surpriseu His words surprised his parents. = His parents were surprised at his words.u 他的话使其父母吃惊。u Though he was not injured in the car accident, he was still in surprise.u 尽管在车祸中他没受伤，但是他依然处于震惊状态。u 练一练u 1. To everyones surprise, Alex _ play chess very well when he was only four. （2009中考，T43）u A) might B) should C) would D) couldu 2. However, when he turned to look at the driver, he was very _. (surprise)（2009中考，T43）u 3. With great _ the neighbor asked, “What did you do to them? What went wrong?” (surprised) (2009中考模拟)u 4. I was surprised to see fifteen-year-old kids drinking beer with huge cups, right in the square! （2009静安）u _ _ _, I saw fifteen-year-old kids drinking beer with huge cups, right in the square!u 5. But t_ his surprise, the great man got off his horse as soon as he came nearer. （2009静安）u 6. We looked back to see who it was and were _ to see it was towards Shankar. (surprise)（2009虹口）u 7. We looked back to see who it was and _ to see it was towards Shankar. (surprise)u 8. The beginning of the story is ordinary but the ending is _. (surprise)u 通过文章记忆总结u 1星期一星期日 u Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Friday Saturday Sundayu 2.科目 u 中文Chinese 英语English 日语Japanese 数学maths 化学chemistryu 生物学biology 地理学geography 政治学politics 历史学history 体育P.E.u 物理学physics 经济学economics 电脑computer IT工程ITtechnologyu 音乐music 文化culture 工业industry 农业agricultureu 人口population技术technology 科学science 绘画painting 电影movie u 3.月份/早午晚 u 一月十二月 January February March April May June u July August September October November December u 今晚tonight, u 4.天气 u 大风的windy 多云的cloudy 多雨的rainy 有风暴的stormy 阳光灿烂的sunnyu 大雾的foggy 有雪的snowy 强风strongwinds 天气weather 气候climate temperatureu 5.钱币单位 u 英镑pound 美元dollar penny, cent, u 6.运动 u 篮球basketball 排球volleyball 羽毛球badminton 兵乓球table-tennis u 网球tennis 游泳swimming 跑步running 去远足gohiking, football, skating滑冰，u 7.名胜 u 白金汉宫 BuckinghamPalace 颐和园theSummerPalace 长城theGreatWall u 白宫theWhiteHouse u 8职业 u 宇航员astronaut 厨师cook chef 毕业生graduate 图书管理员librarianu 售货员shopassistant 司机driver 科学家scientist 会计 accountantu 教授professor 打字员typist 商人businessman 秘书 secretaryu 士兵soldier 船长captain 服务员（男）waiter 服务员（女）waitress 校长headmaster 农场主farmer 农民peasant 收银员 cashieru 经理manager 歌手singer 记者 journalist 导游guide u 音乐家musician 警察policeman 舞蹈员dancer 病人patient u 政府公务员governmentofficial 画家 painter officer军官，高级职员u salesman男售货员 saleswoman女售货员 electronic engineer 电子工程师u 9.亲属 u 父母parents 侄子nephew 侄女niece 姨母aunt 叔父uncle u 10.食物/一餐 u orangejuice橙汁 hamburger汉堡包 frozenvegetables冷冻蔬菜 steak牛排 u icetea冰茶 grains粮食 soft-boiledeggs半熟的鸡蛋 fruits水果 u smokedfoods烟熏食品 meat肉 breakfast早餐 meal正餐 u 11.场所 u 餐馆restaurant 超市supermarket 宿舍 dormitory 机场airport u 博物馆museum 图书馆library 饭堂dinninghall 剧院theateru 大学university 学院college 地铁underground 电影院