高三级英语语法复习——名词.doc

高三级英语语法复习名词班别：_ 姓名：_ 座号：_一、名词的分类专有名词the Great Wall, America普通名词可数名词个体名词pen, worker集体名词family, class, team不可数名词物质名词water, paper抽象名词work, time二、名词的数规则变化构成方法例词一般 + -sdesk-_; map-_; horse-_以 -s, -x, -sh, -ch 结尾 + -esglass-_; brush-_; box-_以 o 结尾，有生命 + -eshero-_; tomato-_; potato-_以 o 结尾，无生命 + -spiano-_; radio-_; zoo-_辅音 + -y 结尾，变 -y为 -i + -es factory-_; country-_; family-_不规则：1) 以 f 或 fe 结尾，改为 vesknife-_; wolf-_; wife-_; leaf-_; half-_; shelf-_; thief-_; life-_; handkerchief-_2) 以 f 或 fe 结尾，直接 + -sgulf-_; roof-_; chief-_; serf-_; belief-_;proof-_; handkerchief-_巧记：海湾边，屋顶上，首领奴仆两相望；谁说他们没信仰，证据写在手拍上。3) 特殊记foot-_; tooth-_; man-_; woman-_; goose-_; louse-_; mouse-_; ox-_; child-_;4) 单复数同形（译成中文）sheep _; deer_; fish_; swine_; means_;head_; aircraft_; species_; Chinese_; Japanese_; Swiss_5) 只有复数形式（译成中文）scissors_; trousers_; socks_; gloves_;scales_; compasses_; glasses_; goods_;复合名词的复数一般将主体名词变数passer-by _; new-comer_; father-in-law_没有主体名词，在复合名词后 + -sgo-between _; grown-up_; forget-me-not_man与woman置于前构成的复合名词，两个名词都要变为复数man servant_; woman doctor_三、名词的格一般 + - sMike的笔_; 那个男孩的妈妈 _; 她的父亲的书房_; 这个学生的书_;以 s结尾 + 那些工作们的建议_; 两小时的路程 _;无生命名词或名词后面有一个较长定语的所有格可用of结构。一幅中国的地图_; 我的父母亲的相片_;表示时间、距离以及世界、国家、城镇等无生命的名词，所有格也可在词尾 + s. 今天的报纸_; 十分钟的休息_;中国的人口_; 三米的距离_;双重所有格多由a, an, this, that, these, those, any, some, each, every, many, more, most, either, neither, no, much, another, several, enough, such, one, two等冠词、指示形容词、不定形容词、数量词或疑问形容词which+名词+of+名词的所有格或所有代名词构成。 我妹妹的老师 _; 她的一个朋友_David的那个好主意 _; Dicken的哪本小说_在表示店铺或教堂的名字或某人的家时，名词所有格的后面常常不出现它所修饰的名词，那间理发店 _如果两个名词并列，并且分别有s，则表示分别有；只有一个s，则表示共有John和 Mary的房间（两间）_John 和 Mary的 room（一间）_所有格用to的名词那扇门的钥匙_; 那个问题的答案_;知识的桥梁_; 那条学校的路_;那座建筑的出口_; 那个大厅的入口_所有格歌诀英语名词所有格，表示某物是“谁的”；所有格构成有方法，多数要把 s加；复数词尾有 s，只加撇号 就可以； 名词若为无生命，我们常把of用；时间，地点和距离，所有格也可用 s。四熟读深思指出下列名词（划线部分）在句中所作句子成分，并思考名词的用法与前后语境。1. Tom is a worker. (主语) (表语)2. The Childrens Palace is near Janes home. ( )3. She gave me some good advice. ( )4. He didt go there because of his illness. ( )5. We made Tom our monitor. ( )6. We students should study hard. ( )7. The authors name is on the cover of the book. ( )8. This book is of great use (= This book is very useful). ( )归纳总结：1.用法：名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、 、动词的 、介词的宾语、 、 等。在做语法填空题时，我们可以根据名词在句中的作用判断出所填空格是否该填名词。2.语境：名词通常在冠词（如a worker）、 （如 his illness）、 (如This book)、名词所有格（The authors name）及some,any,many,a lot of 等限定语后。在做语法填空时，我们可以据此判断出所填空格是否应该填该名词。3.分类：worker，student 等叫 名词，前面可以用不定冠词、数词，及many,a number of等修饰，当数量大于一时，要用复数形式；advice,milk等是不可数名词，不可数名词没有复数形式，不能直接用不定冠词、数词、及many,a number of等修饰，但可用some,much ,a great deal of等修饰。4.所有格：有生命的人或物，以及表示时间、距离、金额、重量、国家或城市等的名词，其所有格一般用“ ”表示；无生命的东西的所有格一般用 _表示。5.of 加use,value,importance 等某些抽象名词，其用法相当于 的用法，在句中可作表语、补语等。五名词与广东高考（1） 在广东高考中，在语法天空的词类转换中可能考到，需要我们知道作主语、宾语时要用名词形式。例1.Its very important to teach the children about road (safe).简析：因为在句中做about的宾语，要用名词，故填safety.例2：Your (kind)is grateful.简析：在句中作主语，要用名词形式，故填kindness。判断技巧：在形容词性物主代词、名词所有格、冠词后，通常要用_。此外，名词也可以作表语、补语、同位语、定语等。如：He is a policeman.他是警察。（表语）We made him president of the club.我们选他当俱乐部主任。（补语）Mr.Black, our English teacher ,got angry yesterday.我们的英语老师布莱克先生昨天生气了。（同位语）This is a stone bridge.这是一座石桥。（定语）（2） 语法填空中，一般不会像在完形填空中那样，要求根据上下文来确定填某个名词。如果考，也只限于reason,way,situation等较为特殊的词。例：There are two important why we offer you the goods now.简析：在there be 的后面没名词，一定是填名词；因后接why 引导的定语从句，前面一定是reason,在two后要用复数形式故填reasons.点评：本题看来是考察名词，而实质上是考查定语从句，因为只有在reason后才可以用why引导的定语从句，所以在why引导的定语从句前面一定reason。六名词的单复数形式的特殊问题类型举例有少数名词作不可数名词表示抽象概念或物质，作可数名词时表示具体事物beauty美 a beauty 美人 character 性格 a character人物duck鸭肉 a duck 鸭 exercise 锻炼 an exercise 练习word 消息 a word词/话 iron铁 an iron电熨斗will 意志 a will遗嘱 wonder 惊奇 a wonder奇观room 空间 a room房间 failure失败 a failure失败的人（事）success成功 a success成功的人（事）有些抽象名词在中国人看来不可数，但在英语中可在前面加a/an，而转化为个体名词。a business 一家公司 a pity 另人惋惜的事a pleasure 一件乐事 a knowledge一门知识a voice 一种声音 a walk 一次步行a rest 一次休息 a help一个帮手a surprise 一次惊奇 a success成功的人或事a failure 一次失败 a smile 微笑an honor 荣誉 a population人口有些名词有单复数形式，但意思不同brain脑子 brains 智能 custom 风俗 customs关税，海关difficulty 困难 difficulties 难事 damage 损害damages 损害事green绿色 greens蔬菜/青菜 import 进口 imports进口货物people人们peoples 民族 time时间 times 时代，次数work工作 works工厂，著作 good 益处 goods货物necessity必要性necessities 必需品 water水waters 海域，江/湖/河水七灵活运用（一）判断并写出下列可数名词的复数形式:leaf _ knife _ fly _ fox _bus _ brush _ dish _ lady _belief _ sheep _ watch _ city _speech _ thief _ aspect _ opportunity_expert _ photo _ people _ suggestion _chance _ information _ family_ policeman _story _ tooth _ key _ advice _（二）、单句填空 用适当的词填空，或用括号中所给词的适当形式填空。1.The exciting result filled in with (proud).2.Marys dress is similar in appearance to her elder (sister)3.The success of our experiment is a great (satisfy) to us all.4.He has never shown much (consider) for his wifes feelings.5. His (fortunate) gave him great help in the exams.6. Dr.Smith is going to pull out one of my (tooth).7. He gained his (wealthy)by printing (work) of famous writers.8.All the visitors were satisfied with the little girls _(present) this morning.9She will suffer from great _(sick) when she gets on a bus.10It is a long _(distant) between the two cities.11After her _(graduate) from college, our teacher has been teaching in our school.12. Martin Luther King went through many hardships in his non-violent request for _ (equal) for the black. 13. The _(explore) for new sources of energy is important for the future of our planet. 14. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first _ (settle) arrived four hundred years ago. 15. Please look after my house during my_ (absent)16. But Jane knew from past experience that her _ _ （choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father.（三）、语篇填空。根据句意或用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。Some years ago, SARS broke out in the mainland of China, causing some people to be killed or nearly got close to (die).The most important thing for the _(govern) to do is to find out the cause of this deadly (ill). They invited all the most experts in this field to discuss and quite a few (suggest) were put forward. Some of the top experts picked out those suggestions and tests them to see whether they were available. Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one (patience) who was seriously ill and had little hope of _(pick) up and had the new (medical) tested on him. To his great (joyful), this patient recovered! He made his way to his (official) and telephoned to the top official, telling him this exciting news. For (convenient), he moved to live in his office. His method did make sense. Not soon after that, the other hospital also controlled this terrible disease and kicked it out finally.Charles Pink was a young 1 _(Canada) who had a good house and he knew how to enjoy himself. Every Saturday, he went to the theatre and 2 _(party). His car was one of the best in his city. He had lots of money and one day bought a 3 . He learned to fly and flying became one of his main 4 _ (enjoy).One day about thirty 5 _ (yearly) ago, he set off in his small plane on a trip across 6 _ (Mexican). At first everything went well, but when he was over the part of the country 7 _ engine of the little machine failed.Fortunately, Pink was flying at a good 8 (high) when the bad thing happened, and he had time to find a place to land. Below him he could see a number of 9 (field) which looked nice enough to land on, and he managed to bring his machine down on one of 10 .Answers:二、例词desk-desks; map-maps; horse-horsesglass-glasses; brush-brushes; box-boxeshero-heroes; tomato-tomatoes; potato-potatoespiano-pianos; radio-radios; zoo-zoosfactory-factories; country-countries; family-families1) knife-knives; wolf-wolves; wife-wives; leaf-leaves; half-halves; shelf-shelves; thief-thieves; life-lives; handkerchief-handkerchieves2) gulf-gulfs; roof-roofs; chief-chiefs; serf-serfs; belief-beliefs;proof-proofs; handkerchief-handkerchiefs3) foot-feet; tooth-teeth; man-men; woman-women; goose-geese; louse-lice; mouse-mice; ox-oxen; child-childen;4) sheep 绵羊; deer鹿; fish鱼; swine猪; means方法;head头; aircraft飞机; species物种; Chinese中国人; Japanese日本人; Swiss瑞士人5) scissors剪刀; trousers裤子; socks短袜; gloves手套;scales天平; compasses圆规; glasses眼镜; goods货物;复合名词的复数passer-by _passers-by; new-comer_new-comers; father-in-law_fathers-in lawgo-between _go-betweens; grown-up_grown-ups; forget-me-not_forget-me-notsman servant_men servants; woman doctor_women doctors三、Mike的笔_Mikes pen; 那个男孩的妈妈 _the boys mother; 她的父亲的书房_her fathers study; 这个学生的书_the students books;那些工作们的建议_the workers suggestion; 两小时的路程 _two hours work;一幅中国的地图_a map of China; 我的父母亲的相片_the photo of my parents;今天的报纸_Todays newspaper; 十分钟的休息_ten minutes break;中国的人口_Chinas population; 三米的距离_three meters distance;我妹妹的老师 _a teacher of my sisters; 她的一个朋友_a friend of hers_David的那个好主意 _that good idea of Davids; Dicken的哪本小说_which noves of Dicken那间理发店 _The barbrsJohn和 Mary的房间（两间）_Johns and Marys roomsJohn 和 Mary的 room（一间）_John and Marys room那扇门的钥匙_the key to the door; 那个问题的答案_the answer to the question;知识的桥梁_the bridge to knowledge; 那条学校的路_the way to the school;那座建筑的出口_the exit to the building; 那个大厅的入口_the entrance to the hass四 2、主语/表语3、真宾4、介宾5、宾补6、同位语7、主语/表语8、主语/介宾归纳总结：1.表语，宾语，同位语，状语，定语，称呼语2.形容词性物主代词，指示代词3.个体4.s/,of5.形容词七（一）leaves; knives; flies; foxes;buses; brushes; dishes; ladies; beliefs; sheep; watches; cities; speeches; thieves; aspects; opportunities; experts; photos; people; suggestions; chances; information; families; policemen; stories; teeth; keys; advice（二）、1. pride2. sisters3.The success of our experiment is a great (satisfy) to us all.4.He has never shown much (consider) for his wifes feelings.5. His (fortunate) gave him great help in the exams.6. Dr.Smith is going to pull out one of my (tooth).7. He gained his (wealthy)by printing (work) of famous writers.8.All the visitors were satisfied with the little girls _(present) this morning.9She will suffer from great _(sick) when she gets on a bus.10It is a long _(distant) between the two cities.11After her _(graduate) from college, our teacher has been teaching in our school.12. Martin Luther King went through many hardships in his non-violent request for _ (equal) for the black. 13. The _(explore) for new sources of energy is important for the future of our planet. 14. Many factors have influenced American pronunciation since the first _ (settle) arrived four hundred years ago. 15. Please look after my house during my_ (absent)16. But Jane knew from past experience that her _ _ （choose）of ties hardly ever pleased her father.（三）、语篇填空。根据句意或用括号中所给单词的适当形式填空。Some years ago, SARS broke out in the mainland of China, causing some people to be killed or nearly got close to (die).The most important thing for the _(govern) to do is to find out the cause of this deadly (ill). They invited all the most experts in this field to discuss and quite a few (suggest) were put forward. Some of the top experts picked out those suggestions and tests them to see whether they were available. Doctor Zhong Nanshan chose one (patience) who was seriously ill and had little hope of _(pick) up and had the new (medical) teste