第十四课.动词不定式.doc

第十四课.动词不定式文本教程来源：爱尚英语网站 登录网站了解更多：在英语句子中，动词有两类，一类是谓语动词，另一类是非谓语动词。如“I work”一句中，work 作谓语动词，如果把句子改成“I want to work”，句中的谓语动词则变成了want。而to work就是非谓语动词。非谓语动词有三种，即动词不定式，分词（现在分词和过去分词）和动名词。一， 动词不定式的定义不定式是动词的一种非限定形式。不定式没有人称和数的变化，不受主语人称和谓语动词的时态变化干扰。在句中不能单独做谓语，但仍然保留动词的特点，即可以有自己的宾语和状语。不定式同它的宾语或者状语构成不定式短语。二， 动词不定式的基本形式不定式的基本形式是“to+动词原形”有时可以不带to，to仅是符号，本身没有意思。三， 动词不定式的时态和语态不定式有进行体和完成体，也有被动态。不定式有以下时态和语态的变化。主动形式被动形式一般式to do to be +表语to be done完成式to have doneto have been done进行式to be doing完成进行式to have been doing四， 动词不定式的句法作用由于动词不定式具有名词，形容词和副词的特征，所以它在句中可以作主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语，宾补。作主语To help poor people is our duty. To master English is easy.To swim in the river is funny.To learn English grammar is necessary.To get there by bike took me two hours.To sing English songs makes me happy.在多数情况下,特别是在口语中,常常用引词it来代替不定式作主语,而把不定式移到句子后面,这样使句子显得较平稳.It is our duty to help poor people. It is easy to master English.It is funny to swim in the river.It is necessary to learn English grammar.It took me two hours to get there by bike.It makes me happy to sing English songs.如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,可以在不定式前面加for引起的短语,既“for +名词（代词的宾格）+不定式”。在这一结构中的for本身没有意义。名词（代词的宾格）形式上是for的宾语，但意义上是不定式可以说是不定式的主语，既不定式的逻辑主语，以区别于语法上的主语。It is good for us to eat an apple a day.It is not hard for us to finish the work before noon.It is easy for you to win the game.某些表示人的品行的形容词（kind good nice wrong careless wise foolish polite clever right unwise stupid thoughtfull rude silly impolite等）作表语的时候，不定式前常可用of引起的短语，既“Be+形容词+of +名词（代词的宾格）+不定式”。It is kind of you to repair my bike.It was stupid of her to make such a mistake.It is unwise of him to go there alone1， 作表语Her wish is to become a pop singer.Our plan is to finish the work in two days.My wish is to be a boss.My plan is to buy a villa next year.2， 作宾语I want to buy a house next year.He learns to repair buses.I started to teach her English last year.I try to help him.I chose to be a teacher.She decided to sell her computer.I try to be happy every day.能直接加不定式作宾语的动词很多，常见的有：want like wish hate prefer hope continue manage try offer start forget remember begin decide agree choose learn pretend promise mean expect desire3， 作定语I have a lot of work to do.He was the first person to think of the idea.4作状语不定式作状语可以修饰动词，表示目的，结果或原因I came here to help you.She went home to see her parents. She went home to have a blind date.I use a computer to write novels. She was jealous to see her boyfriend with a girl.I am glad to hear from her. I was surprised to see him there.She is happy to meet her teacher. I am sorry to hear that. I am lucky to win the game.Good to see you ! Nice to meet you ! Glad to see you again!4， 作宾补My mother told me to come back early.He invited me to attend his birthday party.I asked him to lend me one thousand dollars.She encourages me to face the difficulty bravely.常带不定式做宾语补足语的动词有：ask tell invite force advise get beg allow help want wish like hope order expect prefer encourage hate warn permit compel强迫 oblige迫使 但在make let have see hear watch notice feel observe listen to look at等动词后，不定式不带to 在help 后面可带，可不带I often hear her sing the song.The boss made the workers work day and night.I saw you go out with a girl.Did you notice anyone come in？I help her learn English.五， 动词不定式的否定形式动词不定式的否定形式在不定式符号to 的前面加not He decided not to go home.I told him not to play football in the street.I warned him not to do that.六， “疑问词+不定式”的结构疑问词：who what which when