浅谈探索发现法在初中数学教学中的应用.docx

虽然教学改革在不断深入，初中数学新课标的实施与普及也有了相当长的一段时间，但是，纵观各地的初中数学教学，尤其是偏远地区，教学的总体效果非常低，并没有真正实现教与学的有效结合，教师在课堂中仍然处于主导的地位，并没有实现教师的辅导者、参与者、组织者的角色转换。不仅教师的教学效益不能显著发挥出来，而且大大削弱了学生对数学学习的积极性与热情，导致数学科目成为所有科目中的最弱学科，这实在是当前数学教育界所不愿看到的。因此，提高发现法在初中数学中的运用，提高教师运用发现法进行教学的认识和实际应用能力，是培养新世纪数学人才促使数学学科长足发展的要求。一、发现法在初中数学教学中的作用发现法强调学生在学习中的自我发现，对问题进行总结与分析，从中发现有价值的东西，是二次发现的过程。具体是指：学生在教师创造的一个教学的氛围下，自己独立性的去认识、分析、归纳、发现并解决问题，从而在获得知识的同时一并使学生的创造性思维和独立思考的能力得到培养和发展。发现法作为探究式教学方法的重要形式，值得倡导的主要原因就在于他比传统的教学方法存在诸多优势，对现代教学有很多作用。二、发现法在初中数学教学中的应用措施发现法的诸多教学优势，我们有必要将发现法完整的应用到数学教学中去。要真正实现发现法在数学教学中的使用离不开教师的指导。大需要注意的是，教师的指导不能变成讲解，指导不能当成知识的灌输。数学教师在课堂中的地位只应是辅助者、启发者，学生才是主导者，问题的解决者。初中阶段的学生，其考虑问题的方式和思维习惯正在逐渐成熟，这一阶段的数学学习能力的培养，对于学生未来学习数学有很大影响。因此，践行发现法的应用也显得十分必要。具体的措施，本人归纳以下几点：1.创设问题的情境，引导发现情境有助于学生更好融入到问题的思考当中。一般采取的方法是教师在传授知识点之前，需要搜集相关的资料，辅以相关的教学设备和设施的应用，例如，幻灯片、投影仪、电子计算机等，向学生揭示问题的现象，以生动、形象、便于理解的方式展示数学的奥妙，鼓励学生积极思考和发现。2.推测问题结论后的证实，予以深入发现推测问题的过程是学生主动应用归纳、类比的辩证思维的过程，结合试验的方法对问题的结论进行探索的过程。推测之后，就要对问题的结论进行证实，以验证思维的正确性。总体而言，就是运用归纳发现法、类比发现法和试验发现法进行问题结论的探索。归纳发现法的应用步骤主要是：教师给出一系列的相关特例学生根据特例的外在特点和内在联系，总结相关规律根据这一规律，试运用到其他可能相似的问题上，进而推测所有相似问题的总体规律证明推测的正确性。类比发现法的应用步骤主要是：利用已学的旧知识点，与新知识点进行对比，找出相似点有相似性就证明有共同点可循，用旧知识的有关内容类比出新知识与之相似的内容对类比出的新知识的内容进行进一步验证，以确定其正确性。实验发现法，顾名思义通过学生利用实验器具，在动手操作的过程中发现数学的知识点。这种方法在一些诸如定理类的数学知识点的教学中可以得到有效应用。3.总结知识点，升华发现对于学生发现的问题、找出的知识点进行系统总结。基于原有的知识点较零散，并没有形成一个体系，一个有效的结构，因此，及时鼓励学生对知识进行总结和巩固，引导学生对知识进行再建构，形成学生“自己的东西”，有助于学生良好学习习惯的培养，并能在数学思维的王国中有新的发现。三、结语数学作为一门科学，其历史由来已久，强调数学学习的重要性有其历史意义和时代价值的考量，数学的教学也要体现与时俱进、也要顺应时代发展，所以，我们的数学教学改革也是秉承了这种理念进行下去的3。发现法是经过实践证明了的正确教学方法。初中阶段，作为学生学习生涯中的重要阶段，必须使其数学的学习有所成就，让数学成为学生学习的动力，而不是阻碍，有必要贯彻发现法在初中数学教学中的应用。因此，综上所述，初中数学教师，要使自己所教有所效，有必要提高自己对发现法的认识和运用，只有这样，初中的数学教学才能真正实现其教学的最终目标。Although in deepening teaching reform, the junior middle school mathematics implementation and popularization of new also had quite a long time, but, around throughout junior high school mathematics teaching, especially in remote areas, the overall effect of teaching is very low, and there is no real realize the effective combination of teaching and learning, teachers in the classroom is still in a dominant position, did not realize the mentee, participants and organizers of the teacher role transformation. Not only teachers teaching efficiency not significantly play out, and weakened the enthusiasm of students in mathematics learning and enthusiasm, become the weakest of all subjects in mathematics subject disciplines, this is really dont want to see the current mathematics education. , therefore, to improve the application of discovery method in junior middle school mathematics, improve teachers teaching by applying the method of discovery of knowledge and practical ability, is to develop mathematical talents in the new century to promote mathematics long-term development requirements.A, found in the role of junior middle school mathematics teachingDiscovery method emphasizes the self discovery of students in learning, carries on the summary and the analysis of the problem, find something of value, is the second discovery process. Specific refers to: students under the teacher to create an atmosphere of teaching, their independence to understanding, analysis, induction, find and solve problems, to acquire knowledge at the same time together to make the students creative thinking and independent thinking ability training and development. Discovery method as an important form of the exploratory teaching method, the main reason is that he is worth advocating than the traditional teaching method has many advantages, there are a lot of effect to the modern teaching.Second, the discovery method application in the junior middle school mathematics teaching measuresDiscovery method of teaching, it is necessary for us to find method to complete application into mathematics teaching. To truly realize the discovery method in mathematics teaching in use without the guidance of teachers. Big is important to note that cannot be explained the guidance of teachers, guidance for knowledge. The status of mathematics teachers in the classroom should be auxiliary, inspirer, only students is dominant, part of the solution. Middle school students, their way of thinking and thinking habit is gradually mature, this one phase of mathematics learning ability, has a great influence for students future learning mathematics. Therefore, it is necessary to practice the application of the discovery method also appears. Specific measures, I summarized the following:1. The establishment question situation, lead discoverySituation can help students better into the thinking of problem. General approach is to teacher before imparting knowledge, need to collect relevant data, supplemented by relevant application of teaching equipment and facilities, for example, slides, projectors, computers and so on, to reveal the phenomenon of problem, to students with vivid, image shown here, easy to understand the secrets of the mathematics, encourage students to think and discover.2. The problem of that conclusion after confirmed that shall be foundThat problem is the process of the students take the initiative to the dialectical thinking process of induction, analogy, combined with the test method to explore the process of the conclusion of problem. After speculation, to the conclusion of the question to confirm, to prove the validity of the mind. In general, is to find a method of using the inductive method, analogy and test discovery method problem conclusion explored. Inductive discovery method application steps are mainly: the teacher give students a series of related special case - according to the special case of the external characteristics and inner link, summarize relevant law - according to this law, the related use similar to that of other possible issues, to assume all the similar problems of general rule - to prove the correctness of the speculation. Analog application steps of the discovery method is: using the old knowledge, has been compared with the new knowledge, find out the similarities - similarities that have in common, the new knowledge with old knowledge about the content of analogy similar content - to the analogy of the content of the new knowledge for further verification, to determine its validity. By means of students experimental discovery method, just as its name implies a experimental apparatus, found in the process of hands-on knowledge of mathematics. This method in some classes such as theorem of mathematical knowledge can be effectively applied in teaching.3. Summarize knowledge, sublimationFor students to discover problems, find out the knowledge system is summarized. Based on the original knowledge is fragmented, did not form a system, an effective structure, therefore, in a timely manner to encourage students to summarize and consolidate knowledge, guide students to construct the knowledge, the formation of students own thing, helps to develop students good study habits, and in the kingdom of math thinking have new discoveries.Three, endnotesMathematics as a science, it has a long history, emphasized the importance of mathematics study has its historical significance and the era value calculation, mathematics teaching also should keep pace with The Time