第四组 法庭与法律 的相关词汇.doc

法庭用语adjourn：延期再审alibi：不在现场证明appeal：上诉appear （in court）：出庭bailiff：庭丁，（法庭）警卫by-law：条例，细则clause：法律条款defendant：被告dismerit（traffic offense point）：（交通违规记）缺点driving under influence：嗑药后驾驶driving while intoxicated （DWI）：酒醉后驾驶evidence：证据fine：罚款first offense：初犯hear：（法官）审理hit and run：肇事后逃离现场illegal parking：违规停车indict：起诉jaywalking：违规穿越马路judge：法官negligent driving：不小心驾驶parallel parking：平行停车perjury：伪证plead guilty not guilty：认罪 不认罪 preside：（法官）列席recess：休庭reckless driving：鲁莽驾驶ruling：裁决run the red light：闯红灯speeding：驾车超速take an oath：宣誓testify：做证traffic court：交通法庭traffic regulations：交通规则traffic violation：交通违规法律用语draft 法案，草案 government bill 政府议案 to pass a bill, to carry a bill 通过议案 to enact a law, to promulgate a law 颁布法律 ratification, confirmation 批准 law enforcement 法律的实施 to come into force 生效 decree 法令 clause 条款 minutes 备忘录 report 判例汇编 codification 法律汇编 legislation 立法 legislator 立法者 jurist 法学家 jurisprudence 法学 legitimation 合法化 legality, lawfulness 法制，合法 legal, lawful 合法的,依法的 to contravene a law, to infringe a law, to break a law 违法 outlaw, outside the law 超出法律范围的 offender 罪犯 to abolish 废止，取消 rescission, annulment 废除，取消 repeal, revocation, annulment 废除(法律) cancellation, annulment, invalidation 废除(合同) cancellation (支票)作废 annulment 撤消(遗嘱) repeal rescission 撤消(判决) revocation 撤消 immunity 豁免，豁免权 disability, legal incapacity 无资格 nonretroactive character 不溯既往性 prescription 剥夺公权 attainder 公民权利的剥夺和财产的没收 constitutional law 宪法 canon law 教会法规 common law 习惯法 criminal law 刑法 administrative law 行政法 civil law 民法 commercial law, mercantile law 商法 law of nations 万国公法，国际法 international law 国际法 natural law 自然法 labour laws 劳工法 fiscal law 财政法 civil suit law, code of civil law 民事诉讼法 military law 军法 conscript law 兵役法 copyright law 著作权法 penal code 刑法典 code of mercantile law 商法典 civil rights 民事权利，公民权利 right of asylum 避难权 human rights, rights of man 人权 (customs) duties 关税 death duty, death tax 遗产税 royalties 版税 诉讼法律英语 上诉 appeal 上诉人 appellant 上诉状 petition for appeal 少管所 juvenile prison 申请人 applicant； petitioner 申请书 petition； application for arbitration 申请执行人 execution applicant 申诉书 appeal for revision； petition for revision 审查并决定逮捕 examine and decide arrest 审理通知书 notice of hearing 审判长 presiding judge 审判长宣布开庭 presiding judge announce court in session 审判管辖 adjudgement/trial jurisdiction 审判监督程序 procedure for trial supervision 审判委员会 judicial committee 审判员 judge 审问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings 生效判决裁定 legally effective judgement/order 胜诉方 winning party 失踪和死亡宣告 declaration of disappearance and death 实（质）体证据 substantial evidence 实物证据 tangible evidence 实在证据 real evidence 收容所 collecting post； safe retreat 首席大法官 chief justice 首席检察官 chief procurator 受害人的近亲属 victims immediate family 受理 acceptance 书证 documentary evidence 司法部 ministry of justice 司法机关 judicial organizatons 司法警察 judicial police 司法局 judicial bureau 司法厅 judicial bureau at the levels of provinces， autonomous regions， and cities under direct jurisdiction of central government 司法协助 judicial assistance 死缓的复核 judicial review of death sentence with a retrieve 死刑复核程序 procedure for judicial review of death sentence送达 service of process 送达传票 service of summons/subpoena 送达诉状 service of bill of complaint 搜查 search 诉 sue； suit； action； lawsuit 诉前财产保全 property attachment prior to lawsuit 诉讼 litigation； lawsuit； sue； action 诉讼保全 attachment 诉状 complaint； bill of complaint； state of claim 提起公诉 institute a public prosecution 庭审程序 procedure of court trial 通缉 wanted for arrest 投案 appearance 委托辩护 entrusted defense 未成年人法庭 juvenile court 无罪判决 acquittal， finding of “ not guilty ” 物证 material evidence 刑事案件 criminal case 刑事拘留 criminal detention 刑事诉讼 criminal proceedings 刑事诉讼法 criminal procedural law 行政案件 administrative case行政诉讼 administrative proceedings 行政诉讼法 administrative procedural law 宣告失踪、宣告死亡案件 cases concerning the declaration of disappearance and death 询问犯罪嫌疑人 interrogate criminal suspect 言词证据 verbal evidence一审 trial of first instance 一审案件 case of trial of first instance 有罪判决 sentence； finding of “guilty”原告 plaintiff 院长 court president 再审案件 case of retrial 再审申请书 petition for retrial 侦查阶段 investigation stage 侦查终结 conclusion of investigation 证据 evidence 证据保全 preserve evidence 证据保全申请书 application for evidence preservation 证人证言 testimony of witness 知识产权庭 intellectual property tribunal 执行程序 procedure execution 执行逮捕 execution of arrest 执行和解 conciliation of execution 执行回转 recovery of execution 执行庭 executive tribunal 执行异议 objection to execution 执行员 executor 执行中止 discontinuance of execution 执行终结 conclusion of execution 指定辩护 appointed defense 指定仲裁员声明 statement of appointing arbitrator 中级人民法院 intermediate peoples court 中途退庭 retreat during court session without permission 仲裁 arbitration 仲裁被诉人 respondent； defendant 仲裁裁决 award 仲裁申请书 arbitration 仲裁申诉人 claimant； plaintiff 仲裁庭 arbitration tribunal 仲裁委员会 arbitration committee 仲裁协议 arbitration agreement； clauses of arbitration 仲裁员 arbitrator 主诉检察官 principal procurator 助理检察官 assistant procurator 助理审判员 assistant judge 专门法院 special court 专门管辖 specific jurisdiction 专属管辖 exclusive jurisdiction 追究刑事责任 investigate for criminal responsibility 自首 confession to justice 自行辩护 self-defense 最高人民法院 the supreme peoples court 最高人民检察院 the supreme peoples procuratorate 最后裁决书 final award反诉答辩状 answer with counterclaim 反诉状 counterclaim 犯罪嫌疑人 criminal suspect 复查 reexamination； recheck 高级法官 senior judge 高级检察官 senior procurator 高级人民法院 higher peoples court 告诉才处理的案件 case accepted at complaint 告诉申诉庭 complaint and petition division 公安部 ministry of public security 公安分局 public security sub-bureau 公开审理 trial in public 公开审判制度 open trial system 公诉案件 public-prosecuting case 公诉词 statement of public prosecution 公证机关 public notary office 共同管辖 concurrent jurisdiction 管辖 jurisdiction 国际司法协助 international judicial assistance 合议庭 collegial panel 和解 composition； compromise 回避 withdrawal 基层人民法院 basic peoples court 羁押期限 term in custody 监狱 prison 检察官 procurator 检察权 prosecutorial power 检察委员会 procuratorial/prosecutorial committee 检察院 procuratorate 简易程序 summary procedure 鉴定结论 expert conclusion 经济审判庭 economic tribunal 纠问式诉讼 inquisitional proceedings 拘传 summon by force； summon by warrant 拘留所 detention house 举报 information/report of an offence 举证责任 burden of proof； onus probandi 决定书 decision 军事法院 military procuratorate 开庭审理 open a court session 开庭通知 notice of court session 勘验笔录 record of inquest 看守所 detention house 可执行财产 executable property 控告式诉讼 accusatory proceedings 控诉证据 incriminating evidence 扣押 distrain on； attachment 扣押物 distress/distraint 累积证据 cumulative evidence 立案报告 place a case on file 立案管辖 functional jurisdiction 立案决定书 written decision of case-filing 立案侦查 report of placing a case on file 利害关系人 interested party 临时裁决书 interim award 律师见证书 lawyers written attestation； lawyers written authentication 律师事务所 law office； law firm 民事案件 civil case 民事审判庭 civil tribunal 民事诉讼 civil action 民事诉讼法 civil procedural law 扭送 seize and deliver a suspect to the police 派出法庭 detached tribunal 派出所 police station 判决 judgement； determination 判决书 judgement； determination； verdict （指陪审团作出的） 旁证 circumstantial evidence 陪审员 juror 批准逮捕 approval of arrest 破案 clear up a criminal case； solve a criminal case 破产 bankruptcy； insolvency 普通程序 general/ordinary procedure 普通管辖 general jurisdiction 起诉 filing of a lawsuit 起诉 sue； litigate； prosecute； institution of proceedings 起诉状 indictment； information 缺席判决 default judgement 人民调解委员会 peoples mediation committee 律师的表达律师（总称）（lawyers collectively普通律师lawyer初级律师solicitor出庭律师barrister去当律师go to the barSolicitor. (事务律师) in the United Kingdom, a legal advisor who consults with clients and prepares legal documents but is not generally heard in High Courts or(in Scotland) Court of Session unless specially licensed.事务律师最初只是一般事务代理人而非律师，但很快他们便赢得了认可。传统上，事务律师可以在治安法院（magistrates court）和郡法院（country court）出庭执业，而通常不在高级法院（high court）出庭，但是这种情况已经有所改变，现在已经被获准的事务律师在完成必要的培训之后可以获得充分的出庭权。一般单个事务律师办理出庭业务比出庭律师要少的多，而且有的事务律师根本就不出庭，但就事务律师总体而言，他们办理出庭业务则要比出庭律师多。大多数的事务律师做的更多的还是文书工作，包