直接引语变间接引语(优秀).ppt

直接引语与间接引语 DirectSpeechandIndirectSpeech 潼南上和中学校 李熊 Review 宾语从句 引导词 语序 时态 that if whether 疑问词 陈述语序 主句为现在时态 从句可以是需要的任何时态 主句为过去时态 从句应使用相应的过去的时态 从句如果描述的是客观真理 科学理论等则永远用一般现在时态 陈述句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 直接引语 直接引述别人的原话 直接引语的前后必须加引号 间接引语 转述别人的话 间接引语前后不加引号 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句 直接引语与间接引语的定义 直接引语变间接引语可分为三大类 1 直接引语为陈述句 2 直接引语为疑问句 一般疑问句 特殊疑问句 3 直接引语为祈使句 直接引语如果是陈述句 变为间接引语时 用连词that引导 that在口语中常省略 主句的谓语动词可直接用引语中的say 也可用tell来代替 注意 可以说saythat tellsb that 不可直接说tellthat 陈述句 e g Heoftensays Chinaisgreat Heoftensays that Chinaisgreat Tomsays Iamastudent Tomsays that heisastudent Hesays Ileavemybookinyourroom Hesaid that helefthisbookinyourroom 一般疑问句 Hesaid Doyouhaveanydifficultywithpronunciation Heasked me whether ifIhadanydifficultywithmypronunciation Hesaid YouareinterestedinEnglish aren tyou HeaskedwhetherIwasinterestedinEnglish 间接引语用连词whether或if引导 原主句中谓语动词say要改为ask 语序要变为陈述语序 Heasked DoyouspeakEnglishorFrench HeaskedmewhetherIspokeEnglishorFrench Iasked Willyoutakebusortaketrain Iaskedhimwhetherhewouldtakebusortaketrain Isheallright Theycriedout Theycriedoutwhetherhewasallright 注意 大多数情况下 if whether可以互换 但句中出现or not 或放在介词后作连接词 只用whether 特殊疑问句 Hesaidtome What syourname Heaskedmewhatmynamewas Heaskedus Howmanycarfactorieshavebeenbuiltinyourcountry Heaskedushowmanycarfactorieshadbeenbuiltinourcountry 原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词 主句的谓语动词用ask sb 来表达 语序改为陈述句语序 直接引语是祈使句 则改为tell order asksb not todosth 其他变化同上 祈使句 Hesaid Pleasecomeheretomorrow Theteachersaid Don ttalkanymore Heaskedmetogotherethenextday Theteachertoldusnottotalkanymore 人称的变化 一随主 二随宾 三不变 引号内的第一人称变间引后与主句主语的人称保持一致 引号内的第二人称变间引后与主句宾语的人称保持一致 引号内的第三人称在变间引后去人称不变 Shesaid IlikeTennis Shesaidthatshelikedtennis HesaidtoLily youmustgetupearly HetoldLilythatshemustgetupearly Shesaidtome Theywanttohelphim ShetoldmethatThattheywantedhelphim 一随主 二随宾 三不变 Practice 1 Hesaid Mybrotherfailedintheexam Hesaid brotherhadfailedintheexam 2 HesaidtoMary Howisyourmothernow heaskedMaryhow motherwasthen 3 Myteachersaid sheisagoodstudent Myteachersaid wasagoodstudent4 Hesaidtome I veleftherbookinyourroom Hetoldmethat hadleft bookin room his her she he her my 1 Wewantyoutotakeamessageforher saidtheGreens TheGreenstoldmethatwantedtotakeamessagefor 2 Areyouwillingtolendusahand shesaidtohim Sheaskedhimwhetherwaswillingtolendahand Hesays IsTomastudentorateacher HeaskswhetherTomisastudentorateacher Heaskedme Doyoulikeplayingfootball Heaskedmeif whetherIlikedplayingfootball Mysisteraskedme Whatisyourfriend Mysisteraskedmewhatmyfriendwas Jackaskedme Howdoyoulikethefilm JackaskedmehowIlikedthefilm Thesoliderordered Bequiet Thesoliderorderedustobequiet Hesaidtoher Openthedoor please Heaskedhertoopenthedoor Shesays IwillgotoBeijingnextmonth Shesays that shewillgotoBeijingthenextmonth Heoftensays Ishalltellyouaboutthem Heoftentellsmethathewilltellmeaboutthem 2 时态的变化 Hesays Iwilldoittomorrow Hesaysthathewilldoittomorrow 如果主句的谓语动词是现在时 直接引语变成间接引语时 从句的时态无需变化 如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时 直接引语变成间接引语时 从句的时态要做出相应的改变 一般现在时 一般过去时 现在进行时 过去进行时 现在完成时 过去完成时 一般过去时 过去完成时 过去完成时 不变 一般将来时 过去将来时 1 Iamilltoday saidmymother Mymothersaidthatsheillthatday 2 WeworkhardatEnglish hesaid was HesaidthattheyhardatEnglish worked 1 Theysaidtome Weareworkinghardatacompany Theytoldmethattheyatacompany wereworking 2 Iamwritingaletternow shesaid Shesaidthatshealetterthen waswriting Practice Johnsaid Ilikereadingadventurestories Johnsaidthathe readingadventurestories Shesaidtome IbrokeyourCDplayer Shetoldmethatshe myCDplayer Hesaid I llcomeherethismorning Hesaidhe gotherethatmorning Hesays Ihavefinishedmyhomework Hesaysthathe hishomework Hesaid theyareplayinggamesoverthere Hesaidthatthey playinggamesoverthere liked hadbroken would hadfinished were 直接引语转为间接引语时 下列情况下时态不变 注意 直接引语若表示的是客观事实或真理时 变间接引语时时态不变 当引语中的时间状语表示过去某一具体时间时 谓语动词时态不需改变 1 Ourteachersaid Lighttravelsmuchfasterthansound Ourteachersaidthatlight muchfasterthansound travels 2 Igraduatedin1966 Mybrothersaid Mybrothersaidthathein1966 graduated 1 Theteachersaidtothestudents Theearthisround 2 Myfathersaidtome Iwasbornin1961 Theteachertoldthestudentsthattheearthisround Myfathertoldmethathewasbornin1961 直接引语中的时间状语转换规则 直接引语中动词come在间接引语中用go 直接引语中副词here在间接引语中用there 直接引语中的指示代词转换规则 this变为that these变为those本来就是that those则不变 1 Whatdoesthiswordmean sheaskedme Sheaskedmewhatwordmeant that 2 Canyouseethatmaponthewall heaskedme HeaskedmeifIcouldseemaponthewall that 3 Doyoulikethesetoys Janeaskedus Janeaskedusifwelikedtoys those 4 Bringthoseballstome saidmysister Mysisteraskedustobringballstoher those 1 Ilikereadingadventurestories saidJohn Johnsaidthathelikedreadingadventurestories 2 Idon tlikecomputers Sarahsaidtoherfriend Sarahtoldherfriendsthatshedidn tlikecomputers ExerciseI 3 Ann haveyouseenmybluenotebook Peterasked PeteraskedAnnifshehadseenhisbluenotebook 4 Howcanyoudothat MarysaidtoAnn MaryaskedAnnhowshecoulddothat 5 Whatdifferencedoesitmake PeteraskedJim PeteraskedJimwhatdifferenceitmade 1 Jacksaidtome Youlookworriedtoday Jacktoldmethat worried A helooks todayB youlook todayC welooked thatdayD Ilooked thatday ExerciseII 2 Wesaidtoher They rewalkingthroughthestreetnow Wetoldherthat throughthestreet A wewerewalking thenB youarewalking nowC theywerewalking thenD theywalking now 3 MrBlacksaid Ihavewalkedalongwaythisweek MrBlacksaidthat alongway Ihadwalked thatweekhehadwalked thatweekIwalked lastweekhehaswalked thisweek 4 Themanthought Ishalltakeitbacktomorrow Themanthoughtthat takeitback A Ishall tomorrowB Ishall thenextdayC heshould tomorrowD hewould thenextday 5 Theysaidtous Areyouafraidtoleavethishouse Theyaskedus afraidtoleave house A thatwerewe thisB thatwewere thatC ifwerewe thisD ifwewere that 6 Janesaid Whatdidhehearaboutaweekago Janeasked about A thatheheard aweekagoB what