中考第一轮复习八年级.doc

八年级（上）Units1 3一重点单词1. hardly adv. 几乎不；几乎没有【辨析】hard /hardlyhard 作形容词时，意思是“困难的=difficult(反义词easy)”“坚硬的(反义词soft)” 常见句型：Its hard for sb. to do sth. 作副词时，意为“努力地、猛烈地、艰苦地”，用来修饰动词，作状语。 如：The boy studies very hard.hardly为频度副词，意为“几乎不”，相当于almost not, 本身含有否定的意思。句子中有 hardly 时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分应该用肯定形式.【1-1】He can hardly understand it , _? A. can he B. cant he C. does he D. doesnt he【1-2】 Can you catch what the teacher said in the English class? Sorry, I can _ understand it. A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. never【1-1】 The problem is too difficult! A. hard B. easy C. hardly D. easily 【1-4】It is _ so we will _. A. a hard work; work hard B. work hard, hard workC. hard work; work hard D. work hard; work hard2. try v. 设法，努力，n. 尝试，努力【用法总结】 try to do sth. 努力做某事 try doing sth. 尝试做某事 try ones best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事= do ones best to do sth. try on 试穿 have a try 试一试【2-1】 -I try _ the rule but I always forget.-Why dont you try _ it down? A. to remember; writing B. remember; to write C. remembering; written D. to remember; write【2-2】He tried his best_(be) a good father. 【2-3】Animals are our friends. We must try _(save) the endangered animals. 【2-4】【2011?南宁】 This coat looks nice. Can I A, try on it B. try it onC. to try on it D. to try it on 2. keep v. 保持；使保持某种状态【用法总结】 keep + adj. 意为“保持某种状态” keep + sb./sth. +adj. 意为“让某人（物）保持某种状态” keep (on) doing sth. 意为“不断做某事” keep sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“让某人/某物不断做某事” keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 意为“阻止、防止做某事”，相当于stop/prevent sb. /sth. (from) doing sth. keep 可替代borrow ，表示延续意义的“借”，可与一段时间连用【2-1】（2011*铜仁） How long can I _ the book? For two weeks. A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. buy【2-2】We must do everything we can _ waste water from running into rivers. A. keep B. kept C. to keep D. keeping 【2-3】Tom! Dont talk loudly. You should keep _ in public. A. quiet B. friendly C. confident D. relaxed【2-4】（2011*乐山） They kept on talking until the teacher came in. (改为同义句) They didnt _ _ until the teacher came in. 二重点短语how often 多久一次【辨析】常见的与how连用的短语短语含义提问内容how often多久一次频率（sometimes; once a week）how long 多长 多久物体长度（20 meters long ） 时间段(since 1990; for 2 weeks)how soon多久之后In+时间段（in 5 days）how far多远距离（10 minutes walk）how many多少可数名词的量（how many books）how much多少不可数名词的量（how much water）物品价格【1-1】(2011*浙江温州) -_ do you go to the English club?Once a week.A. How old B. How often C. How much D. How many【1-2】（2011*宿迁中考） _ is it from your home to the school? About ten minutes walk. A. How farB. How longC. How often D. How soon【1-3】 _will the new school be finished? In two years.A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon【1-4】. -_ have you stayed in New York? - For about two weeks. A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far三重点句型Whats the matter? (你)怎么了？Whats the matter? 是Whats the matter with .?的省略。该句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦，以表达关切之意。【拓展】表达这一意义的其他常用口语表达还有（以you为例）： Whats wrong with you? Whats the trouble with you? Whats your trouble? Whats up?【1-1】Whats wrong with you?(同义句改写) _ _ _ with you? 【1-2】Li Min had a bad cold yesterday.(对划线部分提问)What _ _ _ with Li Min yesterday? 【1-3】-Whats _ with you? -He has a headache.A. the wrong B. the matter C. trouble D. happened四、链接中考1. She shops with her friends twice a week. (划线提问)_ _ _ she _ with her friends?2. They surf the Internet on weekends. (划线提问)_ _ they _ on weekends?3. My father wants me to drink more water. (划线提问)_ _ _ your father want you _ _?4. She has a toothache. (划线提问) _the _with her? 5. 你的生活方式和我的不同。Your lifestyle_ _ _ _.6. 做眼操对我们的眼睛有好处。_ eye exercises _ good _ our eyes.7. Peter has a cold. (一般疑问句) _ Peter _ a cold ?8. They are looking after a baby now. (同义句) They are _ _ _ a baby _ _ _.9.每天晚 饭后，她最喜欢躺着休息。She enjoys_ _and _.10.如果你的膳食平衡，就能很容易得保持健康。Its easy_stay_, if you eat a_ _.11.直到她妈妈到家，她才睡觉。She didnt _ _ bed _ her mother _ home.12. I hear Mr. Smith is coming t o give us a talk _. A. in this afternoon B. on tomorrow morning C. at this evening D. next Monday morning 13. The boy with two dogs _ in the yard when the earthquake rocked the city. A. is playing B.was playing C.are playing D.were playing16. I hope you will have a good time there. =I hope you will _ _ there. 17. Her sister is staying there from July 15 to August 20._ _ _her sister staying there?18. Im going shopping with my mother. _ _ _ going shopping _? 19.他想问我有关我英语学习的情况.He wants _ _ me _ my _ _ 20.你何时从伦敦回来？ When did you _ _ from London?21.当你回家时，把你的照片给我看一下。_ _ _ _ when you _ _ _.八年级（上）Units4 6一重点单词 1. must 【辨析】must / have to 异同点musthave to同都可理解为“必须”，后接动词原形。异表示有责任或义务“必须”做某事。一般疑问句将must提至主语前，否定回答应用neednt或dont/doesnt have to。mustnt 表示“禁止；不可以”。must表肯定推测“一定是”，表否定推测用“cant”，表示“不可能”表示受客观条件限制而“不得不”做某事。否定或疑问借助于助动词do/does/did。have to有人称、时态与数的变化（has to /had to）not have to =neednt【1-1】 Danny has to read the book for his blind grandfather.(一般疑问句)_ Danny_ to read the book for his blind grandfather? 【1-2】-Look,Sueisoverthere. -That_beher.SheisinCanadanow. A.mustntB.cantC.needntD.wont 【1-3】Drunk driving is against the law now. It _ be forbidden.A. may B. must C. can D. might 【1-4】Must I be home before eight oclock, Mum? No, you . But you have to come back before ten oclock. A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt【1-5】24.It rained heavily, so we _ stay at home watching TV or surfing the Internet all day. A. could B. had to C. must 2. take v. 花费【用法总结】 花费（时间）（可与spend替换）其固定句型是It takes (took/will take)sb. sometime +to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”It took him 2 hours to do his homework yesterday.= He spent 2 hours doing his homework yesterday.乘坐 take +the bus/train/plane+to sp.=go to+sp.+by bus/train/plane 如：I take a bus to school.=I go to school by bus. 我乘公交车去上学。拿走，带走（对应bring拿来）Mary took the book to school but didnt bring it back.玛丽把书带去了学校，却没有拿回来。take sb. to sp. 表示“送（带领）某人去某地”吃，服（药）The doctor told me to take the medicine twice a day.医生让我每天服药两次。【2-1】 -How do you go to _ work?-I usually take _ bus.Athe, a B/, a C. a, a Dthe，【2-2】42. （2011*深圳） Im afraid itll _ you much time to work out the problem. A. spend B. use C. need D. take【2-3】医生让我每天服药两次。 The doctor told me to_ the medicine_ _ _.【2-4】-Do you usually go to work early every day? -Yes, the bus usually _ me to work. A. takes B. fetches C. catches D. gets 二.重点短语+ 可数名词复数 1. a small number of A small number of= a few/several 少量的 A large number of =many 大量的，许多【辨析】a number of / the number of a number of =many，后接可数名词复数，主语是名词，句中谓语动词用复数形式。the number of. 的数量，后接可数名词复数，主语是the number，谓语动词用单数形式。【1-1How many _ teachers are there in your school? _them _over two hundred. A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; isC. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are【1-2】What _ the number of the students in your school? About two thousand. A number of them_ from England. A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are【1-3】A number of students _ in the dining hall. Let me count. The number of the students _ about 400. A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are 2. too much 【辨析】too much /much too /too many too much用作形容词短语，修饰不可数名词，意为“太多”，用作副词短语，修饰动词。意为“太多”。much too意为“太”，后跟形容词、副词的原级。too many意为“太多”，后跟可数名词的复数。【1-1】用too much, much too, too many 填空。 She has got _ work to do. Thats _ far. There are _people there.【1-2】-Whose T-shirt is this? -It_be Johns. Its _small for him.A. cant ; much too B. cant ; too much C. mustnt; much too D. mustnt ; too much 三.重点句型-How do you get to school? 你怎样去上学？- By bus. 乘公交车。【用法总结】 how 用来询问交通方式 how 用来询问身体状况。如：How are you feeling now?你现在感觉怎样？句中提问交通方式，答语常用以下几种：take a/the +交通工具in/on a /the +交通工具by+交通工具walk/ride/drive/fly to+地点名词【1-1】-How do you go to _ work?-I usually take _ bus. Athe, a B/, a C. a, a Dthe，四中考连接适当形式填空1 It rained yesterday as _(heavy) as it does today.2 which girl is _ (athletic), Julia or Tina?3 The weather today is much _ (good).4 Ruby is _ (thin) and _ (funny) than me. 5 She is interested in this _ (interest) film. 6 Frank is _ (good) at writing than at reading. 7 Henry is the same _ (tall) as John. 8 Yesterday we _ (hold) a party for Peter at his ho me. It _(be) very interesting. 句型转换1 It was Friday, the 12th yesterday. _ _ yesterday? 2 Do you want to join us? （同意句） _ you_ _ _ us?3 Why dont you come and play soccer with us? _ _ come and play soccer with us?4 He has to get up early. (否定句) He _ _ to get up early.5 Im busy tonight. I cant go shopping with you. (合并) Im _ busy _ go shopping with you.6 Thank you for inviting me. (同义句) _ for your _.7 Can he work out the problem? (同义句) _ he _ _ work out the problem?IV 中考链接句型转换1 Her sister is very outgoing. (划线) _ her sister _?2 This cake is 30 Yuan. That cake is 60 Yuan. (同义) This cake is 30 Yuan _ _ that one.3 I have two apples. He has two apples, too. (同义) _ _ are _ good at schoolwork.4 The older girl is more serious. (划线) _ _ is more serious?5 Both of us are good at schoolwork. (同义句) _ are _ good at schoolwork .6 Mikes not so good at art as Billy. (同义) Billys _ at art _ Mike.8.I study science very well. (同义句转换)I am very _ _ science.10 Mr. Green has four English books. Mrs. Green has six English books（合并为一句）.Mr. Green has_ English books_ _Mrs. Green. 11 Jack is the tallest in h is class. ( 同义句) =Jack is _ than _ _ _ in his class. =Jack is _ than _ _ _ _ in his class. 完成句子1这两名学生都比其他学生聪明一些. The two students are _ _ _ than t he _.2 我不如我姐姐漂亮. Im _ _ than my sister. Im _ _ _ _ my sister.3 越努力工作，获得的成绩越好。 _ _ you work， _ _ result well get.2 这款计算机价格是三种里面最低的。 The price of this computer is _ _ of the three.八年级（上）Units7 9一重点单词1. beat v. 打败；胜过【辨析】beat / winbeat后接的宾语多少某运动员或球队。其过去式为beat，过去分词为beaten，现在分词为beating。win意为“赢，获胜”，作及物动词，win通常接game, war, match, prize 之类的名词作宾语，不可以接表示人的名词作宾语。其过去式、过去分词相同(won), 现在分词为winning【1-1】Take it easy, we are sure to_them.A. win B. beat C. lose D. lose to 【1-2】-Can you guess who will _ the game?A. hit B. beat C. win D. watch 【1-3】He always _me in tennis.A. wins B. beats C. loses D. hits 2. alive adj. 活着的；在世的【辨析】alive/ living/live/livelyalive在句中作表语和定语，alive作定语要置于所修饰的名词之后。living作形容词，意为“活的”，即可作表语，也可直接置于名词前作定语，可兼指“人”和“物”；还可用作名词，意为“生计，生活”live读作/laiv/时，为形容词，意为“活着的”，可用作定语，放在表示物得名词前，一般不指人；live读作/liv/时，为动词，意为“生活；生存”。lively意为“活泼的，活跃的，充满生气的”，可用作定语或表语，即可指人，也可指物。【1-1】 Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest_ writer. He is still_. A. living; alive B. living; living C. alive; living D.alive; alive 【1-2】Trees are the biggest and oldest things on Earth. Aalive Blive ClivelyD.living【1-3】He is said to be the best-known musician _.A. aliveB. living C. liveD. lively 二重点短语At the end of 在末/底【辨析】at the end of/ by the end of / in the endat the end of在末/底, 即可接时间，也可接地点名词；反义短语 at the beginning of 在初/起点by the end of 到末/底，常用于将来时或过去完成时。in the end=at last=finally 最后，常用于一般过去时。【1-1】 Youll find the hospital_the street. A. in the end B. at the end C. finally D. at the end of 【1-2】He worked hard, and _he succeeded.A.by the end B. in the end C. at the end D. on the end 【1-3】At last the children came to a beautiful place with green grass.A. By the end B.Then C. At the same time D. In the end 三重点句型too.to do sth. 太而不能做某事 【辨析】too.to do sth.与too.to.too.to do sth.是否定结构，表示“太以致不能”，也可使用too.for sb. to do sth. (sb.是逻辑主语)Its too hard for them to work it out.要解决这个问题对他们而言太难了。too.to.结构可与so.that(not).句式或not.enough to.结构互换。注意词的位置及词义变化。车太贵，他买不起。The car is too expensive for him to afford.The car is so expensive that he cant afford it.The car is not cheap enough for him to afford.【1-1】 He is too weak to carry the chair.(改为同义句)Hes_ _ _ he cant carry the chair.He _ _ _ to carry the chair.【1-2】 He is too poor to afford the house. (改为同义句)He _ _ _ _afford the house.四中考连接1. Id like some coffee _ sugar in it. A. with B. over C. about D. for 2. Can you help me _ up the meat? A. cut B. put C. give D. clean3 Dont forget to turn _ the T V before you go to bed A off B to C on D down4 Kate, could you _ the radio a b it? Your father is asleep. A. turn down B. turn off C. turn up D .turn on5. -How long did it _you_this picture? -Five years. A. take, drawing B. spend, drawing C. pay , to draw D. take, to draw6. There _ a talk show on CCTV-4 at nine this evening.A. will have B. is going to be C. is going to have D. is having7. -How was your day off? -Pretty good. -We_ the history museum. A. visit B. visited C. are visiting D. will visit8. The box is so heavy that I cant carry it . (同义句)The box is _ heavy_me_carry it .9. He began to learn the accordion at the age of 5 . (划线提问)_ _ he _ to learn the accordion ?10.余时间，他总是喋喋不休。He often never _ _ in his free time.初三复习八年级（上）Units10 12一重点单词1. borrow v. 借【辨析】borrow/ lend/ keepborrow表示“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. or somewhere结构中，是终止性动词，不能与延续性时间状语连用。lend表示“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于 lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.结构中，也是终止性动词。keep本意为“保存、保留”，引伸为“借用”，用于表示借用的时间长度，是延续性动词，可以和表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用。【温馨提示】return sth. to sb./give sth. back to sb.意为“还给某人某物”【1-1】(2011*眉山中考) -How much money did she you yesterday? -$500. I told him I would return it to her in three weeks.A give B borrow C lend D make 【1-2】I can _ you my dictionary, but you can _ it for only a week.A. borrow; borrow B. lend; borrow C. borrow; keep D. lend; keep 【1-3】-May I_ your bike?-Certainly, but you mustnt_ it to others. A. lend; lend B. borrow; lend C. borrow; borrow D. lend; borrow【1-4】May I borrow these two books, please? Yes, you can _ them for two weeks. A. borrow B. lend C. buy D. keep2. enough adj.充足的；足够的【用法总结】enough作副词，可用于修饰形容词、副词等，通常置于被修饰词之后。enough作形容词，用于修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，置于名词前或后均可。如: I think his picture is beautiful enough, but he said he didnt draw it carefully enough. 我觉得他的话够美的了，但他说他画得还不够细致。We have enough money to buy the house. 我们有足够的钱买这所房子。【2-1】 Do you think we have_ _(足够的时间) for the work? 【2-2】It s _ to work out this problem. You neednt go to the teacher.A. enough easy B.easily enough C. easy enough D.very easily 【2-3】Dont worry. He is _ to look after little Betty. A. carefully enough B.enough careful C.careful enough D.enough carefully 【2-4】这孩子大了，能上学了。 The boy is _ _ to go to school.3.invite v. 邀请【用法总结】 invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人到某地或参加某项活动 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事 be invited to do sth. 被邀请做某事【3-1】 I wont go to her party unless my best friend Jack_. A. will invite B. will be invited C.is invited D.invites 【3-2】My friend invited me _(have) dinner. 【3-3】Would you like to invite him_ your party. A. on B. at C. of D. to 二重点短语(not) at all 丝毫（也不）；一点（也不）；根本（不）【辨析】not.at all /not at all/in allnot.at all“根本不，一点也不”，表示完全否定，at all 一般用于句末。not at allnot at all=Thats all right=It doesnt matter=never mind “没关系，不要紧”。常用于回答道歉或Would you mind doing sth.句式。in all意为“一共，总计”-Would you